Officine Mario Dorin S.p.A. NEW SOLUTIONS FOR NEW CHALLENGES IN COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION: CO2.
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Transcript of Officine Mario Dorin S.p.A. NEW SOLUTIONS FOR NEW CHALLENGES IN COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION: CO2.
Officine Mario Dorin S.p.A.Officine Mario Dorin S.p.A.
NEW SOLUTIONS FOR NEW NEW SOLUTIONS FOR NEW CHALLENGES IN COMMERCIAL CHALLENGES IN COMMERCIAL
REFRIGERATION: REFRIGERATION:
CO2CO2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. OFFICINE MARIO DORIN: GENERAL OVERVIEW
2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S
4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR FUTURE
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS IN RETAIL APPLICATIONS
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
9. REFERENCES
10. CONCLUSIONS
1. OFFICINE MARIO DORIN: GENERAL OVERVIEW
n°150 employees
GROUP OF 4 COMPANIES
to date: 65.000 manufactured compressors yearly
more than 17’000 CO2 compressors ALREADY RUNNING
ESTIMATED 25% MARKET SHARE IN EUROPE
ESTIMATED 50% MARKET SHARE IN TRANSCRITICAL CO2 COMPRESSORS
Holding
Officine Mario Dorin s.p.a.Since 1918
Shanghai Dorin Compressors salesAnd production
Since 2008
Other investments
ELDAOutsourcing Administration Company
Since 1985
ILMOutsource Mechanical Company
1. OFFICINE MARIO DORIN: GENERAL OVERVIEW
EUROPA44%
ASIA14%
AMERICA4%
AFRICA2%
MEDIO ORIENTE4%
AUSTRALIA1%
ITALIA 31%
1. OFFICINE MARIO DORIN: GENERAL OVERVIEW
20% production share for FREON20% production share for FREON
Leader share for CO2Leader share for CO2
European SEMI-Hermetic piston compressor European SEMI-Hermetic piston compressor production is:production is:
65’000 pieces/year65’000 pieces/year
1. OFFICINE MARIO DORIN: GENERAL OVERVIEW
RACK (RETAIL) BUSINESS
RAILWAY BUSINESS
INDUSTRIAL / OIL & GAS
MARINE / OFF-SHORE
HOT WATER HEAT PUMPS
ICE-SKATE ARENA
ICE-CREAM INDUSTRY
WHOLESALE NETWORk
DORIN COMPRESSORS FOR HFC’S:DORIN COMPRESSORS FOR HFC’S:
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
RACK (RETAIL) BUSINESS
PROFROID
•GREEN & COOL - SE
• HILL PHOENIX - US
• ADVANSOR - DK
• RIVACOLD - IT
• ARNEG - IT
• COSTAN - IT
• HEATCRAFT - AU
• ZANOTTI - IT
• HUURRE - FI
• ENEX - IT
• SCM FRIGO - IT
• …
RAILWAY BUSINESS
• FAIVELEY - DE
• LIEBHERR - OS
• MERAK - SP
• REXXON - DE
• KLIMAT-FER - IT
• …
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
INDUSTRIAL/OIL & GAS
• JOHNSON CONTROL - DK
• MASKIN INDUSTRITEK - NO
• ANGELANTONI - IT
• FRIGEL - IT
• SKM UAE
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
MARINE APPLICATIONS
• MASKIN-INDUSTRITEKNIKK - NO
• KULDETENKNISK - NO
• ITALIAN NAVY - IT
• NORWEGIAN NAVY - NO
• …
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
HOT WATER HEAT PUMPS
• ITOMIC - JP
• QUANTUM - CN
• DONGQI – CN
• NAMJI – KR
• YUNG SUNG – TW
• ENEX – ITA
• THERMOCOLD - ITA
• ENERBLUE – ITA
• …
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
ICE-SKATE ARENA
• ADVANSOR - DK
• SMARTREF – CA
• HILL PHOENIX - US
• …
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
ICE-CREAM INDUSTRY
• CARPIGIANI - IT
• BRAVO - IT
• GEL-MATIC - IT
• FRIGOMAT - IT
• ISA - IT
• …
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
WHOLESALE: PARTNERS IN MORE THAN 90 COUNTRIES
LEADING WHOLESALERS
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
Compliance to all the most relevant quality and efficiency Compliance to all the most relevant quality and efficiency certificationscertifications
2.2. DORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LISTDORIN COMPRESSORS: REFERENCE LIST
HCFC’s BANDED
HFC’s SEVERAL CONSTRAINTS INCOMING
DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
Energy savingSYSTEM EFFICIENCY
SEASONAL EFFICIENCY
it makes no sense to use low GWP refrigerant if we create more co2 to drive the system
3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS
European F-Gas Regulation
F-Gas Proposal in the world; baseline 2012 HFC production
3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
Products and equipment Date of
prohibitionProhibited
gasPossible
gas
Stationary refrigeration equipment,
with HFCs with GWP > 25001 January 2020 R404a
R22
R744 R134a R407F
R290R-717R407cR410aR407A R1270
R32
Stationary RACs > 40kW GWP > 150
GWP < 1500 only for primary refrigerant circuit of cascade systems
1 January 2022
R407FR407cR22
R410aR407AR404aR134a
R-717R744
R1270R290
R134a (only if used in a
primary circuit of a cascade
system)
3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS
3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS
Refrigerant R404A R407A R407F R407C R134a R32 R290 R1270 R717 CO2
Natural refrigerant
no no no No no no yes no yes yes
ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GWP (Global Warming Potential)
3780 1990 1705 1650 1300 550 20 3 <1 1
Safety group A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A3 A3 B2 A1
Critical temperature [°C]
73 83 83 87 101.2 78 96.7 92 132.3 31.1
Temperature glide [K]
0.7 6.6 6.4 7.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
2020 2022
3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS
HFC’s TAXATION
SPAIN (HFC) : Will be phased in gradually from 2014 to reach eventually alevel of €20/t CO2 eq in 2016 (35 euro for R407F; 26 euro for R134a)Will be applied to any refrigerants with GWP > 150.
NORWAY (HFC) : HFC tax from €30/t CO2 eq to €42/t CO2 eq
AUSTRALIA (HFC) : €38/kg
DENMARK (HFC) : €28/kg
SWEDEN (HFC) : €35/kg
Data as per our internal search, under deeper study.
3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS
3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS3. LIMITATION OF USE OF HFC’S REFRIGERANTS
Applications - Supermarkets
State of the Art Supermarket Refrigeration
• Direct Expansion Systems (DX)
• Indirect Systems (with Brine Chiller for MT)
All of them are HFC based plants
Annual leakage rate in Europe is in the range 15-30% of total charge.
Restrictions on the use of synthetic refrigerants are coming into force in several countries
There is a need for a natural refrigerant (no uncertainty for the future) withadditional advantages
CFC HCFC HFCCO2
YEARS1930 1990 2000 2010
HIGH WORKING PRESSURES FOR THE EPOQUE
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS ??
HIGH ODP
HIGH GWP
HIGH ODP
HIGH GWP
NO ODP
HIGH GWP (R134a)
???
4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS
HFC ???
OTHER HFCs, NEW BLENDS:
R32 FLAMMABILITY SUPPRESSION R407A – R407F, GWP=2100/1800 (R404A –
GWP=3900)
LOWER GWP
LARGE TEMPERATURE GLIDE (ABOVE 6)
HIGH DISCHARGE TEMPERATURE
NEW REFRIGERANTS, HFOs:
STRONG CHALLANGE IMPOSED BY MAC
MILDLY FLAMMABLE (A2L – ASHRAE)
NATURAL REFRIGERANTS:
R744 (CO2)
R290 – R1270 (PROPANE, PROPYLENE)
R717 (NH3 – AMMONIA)
4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS
Refrigerant R404A R407A R407F R407C R134a R32 R290 R1270 R717 CO2
Natural refrigerant
no no no No no no yes no yes yes
ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GWP (Global Warming Potential)
3780 1990 1705 1650 1300 550 20 3 <1 1
Safety group A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A3 A3 B2 A1
Critical temperature [°C]
73 83 83 87 101.2 78 96.7 92 132.3 31.1
Temperature glide [K]
0.7 6.6 6.4 7.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reasons for a renewed interest of natural refrigerants
2020 2022
4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS
4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS
Applications – Supermarkets
CO2 features
• Natural substance existing in atmosphere (350 ppm)
• Non toxic
• Non flammable (it is one of the by products of combustion)
• GWP (Greenhouse effect)=1 (GWP of R404A=3200 ca)
• By-product of industrial processes, for refrigeration it can be considered temporarily borrowed before final release to atmosphere (net GWP=0)
• Low cost (depending also on purity degree – attention to be paid), about 1/5 to 1/10 of HFC
• Available all over the world
4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS4. ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS
How CO2 is used in Commercial Refrigeration
HEAT REJECTION TO EXTERNAL AMBIENT
HEAT REJECTION TO ANOTHER CIRCUIT
AS A HEAT TRANSFER
MEDIUM: PHASE CHANGE
SECONDARY FLUID
AS A REFRIGERANT IN A VAPOUR COMPRESSION
CYCLE
Transcritical/Subcritical Cycle Cascade Cycle
Applications - Supermarkets
CHILLED BY THE REFRIGERATING UNIT
Indirect System
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR FUTURE
CO2
YEARS1930 1990 2000 2010
DORIN IS RECOGNIZED TO BE THE FIRST COMPANY IN CO2 SEMI-HERMETIC COMPRESSOR DEVELOPMENT
1° GENERATION 2° GENERATION 3° GENERATION
SINCE 1990 A LONG WAY TO CO2 INNOVATION
......................
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR FUTURE
NORWAY 1996:NORWAY 1996: FIRST DELIVERED COMPRESSOR TO SINTEF FIRST DELIVERED COMPRESSOR TO SINTEF
OBJECTIVE: VALIDATE BEHAVIOUR OF FLOATING DISCHARGE PRESSURE
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE
R744 properties - saturated pressure
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Saturated temperature (°C)
Ab
so
lute
pre
ss
ure
(b
ar)
R22
R404A
R410A
CO2
R134a
R290
R1270
R717
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE
R744 properties - density at suction of compressor
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Evaporating temperature (°C)
Ga
s d
en
sit
y (
kg
/m3 )
R22
R404A
R410A
CO2
R134a
R290
R1270
R717
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE
Cascade system LT stage - Condensing temperature = - 5°C, Sh = 10K, Sc = 2K (Th. compressor displacement 50 m3/h)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
-55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15
Evaporating temperature (°C)
Co
olin
g c
ap
aci
ty (
kW
)
R22
R404A
R410A
CO2
R290
R1270
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE
R744 properties - Discharge temperature T_cond = 45°C (CO2 discharge pressure = 90 bar), Sh=10K
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20Evaporating temperature (°C)
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
R22
R404A
R410A
CO2
R134a
R290
R1270
R717
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR FUTURE
90 bar
ENTALPHY
PR
ES
SU
RE
R744 -- Log(p)-h diagramCD 1500H
64 bar
26,9 kW26,9 kW
21,2 kW
8,3 kW
9,2 kW12,1 kW
Tgcout = 45°CTgcout = 35°C
Tgcout = 25°C
26,5 bar
0,69
1,75
2,92
2,22
COP
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE
90 bar
ENTALPHY
PR
ES
SU
RE
R744 -- Log(p)-h diagram CD1500H
80 bar
120 bar100 bar
22,4 kW22,0 kW
21,2 kW
14,1 kW 11,1 kW
12,1 kW
13,0 kW14,7 kW
Tgcout = 35°C
26,5 bar
1,27
1,75
1,69
1,52
COP
5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE5. DORIN SELECTED CO2 AS REFRIGERANT FOR THE FUTURE
Optimal discharge pressure
Gas cooler outlet
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
R404A - R410A - R744
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 10 15 20
suction pressure [bar_a]
dis
char
ge
pre
ssu
re [
bar
_a]
Different refrigerants for LT and MT
CO2 works in the LT side only
HP side works with HFC refrigerant
standstill must be handled properly
R404A
R410A
R744
15 bar
CO2
25 bar25 bar
1,5 bar
CO2 R134aCO2
5.1 CASCADE SYSTEMS:
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
ENTALPHY
PR
ES
SU
RE
Refrigerant -- Log(p)-h diagram CASCADE system
6.1 CASCADE SYSTEMS:
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.1 CASCADE SYSTEMS:
HTC
LTC
HTE
LTE
ENTALPHY
PR
ES
SU
RE
Refrigerant -- Log(p)-h diagram
mHT
mLT
R744
HFC
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.1.a6.1.a CDS range: THE NEW SUBCRITICAL COMPRESSOR FOR CASCADE CDS range: THE NEW SUBCRITICAL COMPRESSOR FOR CASCADE APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS
Broad application envelope
Design pressure:
Pss = 40 bar
PS = 53 bar
Standstill “proof”
LOW PRESSURE AND HIGH PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE SUPPLIED AS STANDARD
CDS range represents the best solution available in the market for typical cascade and/or booster installations
R744_CO2
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
-55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15Temperatura evaporazione Evaporation temperature
[°C]
Tem
per
atu
ra c
on
den
sazi
on
e C
on
den
sin
g t
emp
erat
ure
Tem
per
atu
re
[°C
]
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
CDS RANGE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dis
plac
emen
t [m
3/h
]
6.1.a6.1.a CDS range: THE NEW LT COMPRESSOR FOR CASCADE APPLICATIONSCDS range: THE NEW LT COMPRESSOR FOR CASCADE APPLICATIONS
CDS_11
_________________________________________
SUB-CRITICAL CO2 COMPRESSOR RANGE
DISPLACEMENT FROM 1.89 m3/h TO 48.8 m3/h @ 50 Hz
_________________________________________
CDS_35
CDS_41
CDS range represents the best solution available in the market for typical cascade and/or booster installations
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
remarkable increase in compressor efficiency with low condensing temperatures (colder climates)
appropriate selection of high efficiency electric motor
proper valve plate dimensioning
fluid-dynamic analysis of the internal flows
inner reduced pressure drops
inverter drive operation with huge frequency range
6.1.b6.1.b ECOPREMIUM range: THE NEW R134a COMPRESSOR FOR ECOPREMIUM range: THE NEW R134a COMPRESSOR FOR CASCADE APPLICATIONSCASCADE APPLICATIONS
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
operating pressure decrease
higher safety margin especially for hot ambient installations
cycle COP increase
pressure pulses reduction
noise level reduction
maintenance cost reduction
lower GWP
R134a vs. R404A system comparison
6.1.b6.1.b ECOPREMIUM range: THE NEW R134a COMPRESSOR FOR ECOPREMIUM range: THE NEW R134a COMPRESSOR FOR CASCADE APPLICATIONSCASCADE APPLICATIONS
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.1 CASCADE SYSTEMS6.1 CASCADE SYSTEMS: use of two different refrigerants
CO2 works only in the LOW PRESSURE SIDE of
the installation, in SUBCRITICAL CONDITIONS
max operating pressures for CO2 circuit 40 bar_a
standstill must be handled properly
HIGH PRESSURE SIDE normally works with HFCs
need for transfer fluid depending on local legislation
good way to introduce CO2 systems
High first cost, especially with transfer fluid
Low efficiency, especially with transfer fluid
MT
CONDENSATORE
GLICOLE
R404A
CO2
EVAPORATORE
BT
7 1
2
3
3 4
5
6
5' 1'
2'
3' 4'
m'
m2
m1
mtot
SCHEMA 2
condenser
evaporator
Applications - Supermarkets
NUMBER OF CASCADE SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN 2013 IN EUROPE
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
R404A - R410A - R744
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
suction pressure [bar_a]
dis
ch
arg
e p
res
su
re [
ba
r_a
]
Trans-critical Applications
same refrigerant in LP and HP stage
CDS range in LP and CD transcritical range in HP stage
PS up to 140 bar_a
PSS up to 100 bar_a (standstill)
consistently higher delta_P
BRAND NEW COMPRESSOR DESIGN
R744
trans-critical
15 bar 35 bar 90 bar
CO2
5.2 BOOSTER SYSTEMS:
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
GC
RC
HTE
LTE
ENTALPHY
PR
ES
SU
RE
R744 -- Log(p)-h diagram
1
mHT
mLT
mT
BOOSTER without Flash Gas extraction
6.2 BOOSTER SYSTEMS:
GC
RC
HTE
LTE
ENTALPHY
PR
ES
SU
RE
R744 -- Log(p)-h diagram
mBY
mHT
mLT
mHT+mLT
mT
FGLHX
BOOSTER with Flash Gas extraction
6.2 BOOSTER SYSTEMS:
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.2 BOOSTER SYSTEMS:
CDS RANGE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dis
plac
emen
t [m
3/h
]
6.2.a6.2.a CDS range: THE NEW LT COMPRESSOR FOR BOOSTER APPLICATIONSCDS range: THE NEW LT COMPRESSOR FOR BOOSTER APPLICATIONS
CDS_11
_________________________________________
SUB-CRITICAL CO2 COMPRESSOR RANGE
DISPLACEMENT FROM 1.89 m3/h TO 48.8 m3/h @ 50 Hz
_________________________________________
CDS_35
CDS_41
CDS range represents the best solution available in the market for typical cascade and/or booster installations
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
CD RANGE
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Dis
pla
cem
ent
[m3/h
]
2 and 4 cylinders compressor ranges: CD 200 - CD 300 - CD 400
The widest CO2 compressor range available in the market
CD 400
CD 300
CD 200
Displacements ranging from 1.1 m3/h to 30.5 m3/h
Motor power ranging from 1.5 hp to 50 hp
6.2.b CD Compressor Ranges: TRANSCRITICAL MODELS
6.2 BOOSTER SYSTEMS:
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.2.b CD Compressor Ranges: TRANSCRITICAL MODELS
6.2 BOOSTER SYSTEMS:
From CD 150M up to CD 5000M (1,5 Hp, 1,2 m3/h – 50 Hp, 30m3/h) Huge application envelope
Pss = 100 bar PS= 160 bar
CD-B / CD-M / CD-H (R744_CO2)
102030405060708090
100110120130140150
-55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20Temperatura evaporazione / Evaporation temperature Temperature d'èvaporation / Verdampfungstemperatur
[°C]
Pres
sion
e di
man
data
/ D
isch
arge
pre
ssur
e Pr
essi
on d
e re
foul
emen
t / H
ochd
ruck
[bar
]
CRITICAL PRESSURE
H: for heat pump and inverter applications
M: refrigeration applications
B: LT subcritical stage in cascade or booster systems
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.2.b6.2.b CD range CO2 transcritical CompressorsCD range CO2 transcritical Compressors 高低压舍友安全阀确保安全运行
外排气管确保高温高压缩气体的热量完全直接排出以免与箱体内热传导充足的排气空间确保最低压脉冲(有效降低噪声 /振动采用高效坚固的阀板设计
采用高强度双层保护连杆
特殊的油路设计确保连杆小头的润滑
特殊表面镀层的铸铁活塞确保正常的高温运行
经过机械切削加工的活塞端面使得压缩机的容积效率进一步
三重机械密封组件确保压缩机的最佳性能
活塞销经过特殊的热处理和表面耐磨处理
多层低摩擦自润滑轴承用于压缩机的主轴承和连杆大头多齿轮高效耐用的油泵实现强制润滑
高强度耐磨的粗大曲轴驱动
曲轴箱体采用高强度铸铁
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
CD 200 - CD 300 - CD 400
Peculiar compressor design
Increase of compressor efficiency
HP / LP thermal insulation
Lower discharge temperature
Better lubrication
Isentropic efficiency increase
HIGHER RELIABILITY
HIGHER EFFICIENCY
Compressor Ranges: TRANSCRITICAL MODELS
6.2.b6.2.b CD range CD range COCO22 Transcritical Compressors Transcritical Compressors
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
CD1900H vs 4HTC-20K
20
60
100
140
180
220
2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0
Pressure ratio
Dis
ch
arg
e -
Oil
Tem
per
atu
re (
°C)
disch T 4HTC-20K
oil T 4HTC-20K
disch T CD1900H
oil T CD1900H
HP / LP thermal insulation
Lower discharge temperature
Better lubrication
Higher reliability
6.2.b CD range CO6.2.b CD range CO22 Transcritical Compressors Transcritical Compressors
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.2 BOOSTER SYSTEMS:
To date, high first cost, but comparable with cascade systems with transfer fluid
Higher pressure involved: max 90 bar for ambient temperature up to 35°C
Correct training needed to installers for service purposes, but scenario continuously
improving
need to handle trans-critical operation
Use of CO2 only, low cost of refrigerant
High efficiency, especially for moderate climates (Central – Northern Europe)
Lower number of components when compared to a cascade systems
No need of special arrangements for prolonged standstill (on system with CD’s)
Very smaller pipings, smooth installation
Long term alternative to any legislation
Applications - Supermarkets
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.2 BOOSTER SYSTEMS:
Applications - Supermarkets
Pipe Sizing (ideal internal diameter for 50 kW @-8°C / 50m length)
2017CO2 LPR (TC/SC)(low liquid enthalpy solution)
2322CO2 DX (TC/SC)
6060Indirect system(propylene glycol)
5025R404A DX
[mm][mm]
Suction linediameter
Liquid line diameter
Plant solution
2017CO2 LPR (TC/SC)(low liquid enthalpy solution)
2322CO2 DX (TC/SC)
6060Indirect system(propylene glycol)
5025R404A DX
[mm][mm]
Suction linediameter
Liquid line diameter
Plant solution
9.9. COCO22 Compressors Compressors
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.3 DIRECT EXPANSION SYSTEMS:
no need for a second cooling circuit based on traditional refrigerants
perfectly suitable for both very low (-35°C evaporation) and medium low (-10°C evaporation) temperature systems, respectively using double and single stage compressors
Use of CO2 ONLY
Gas cooler
Evaporator
Gas cooler
Evaporator
MT
GAS COOLER/ CONDENSATORE
6 1
4 5
CO2
EVAPORATORE
2
3
BT
8 1
4 5
7 CO2
EVAPORATORE
INTERREFRIGERATORE
6
2
3
GAS COOLER/ CONDENSATORE
interstage cooler
evaporator
gas cooler
condenser
gas cooler
condenser
evaporator
Medium Temperature Application
Low Temperature Application
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.3 DIRECT EXPANSION SYSTEMS:
Dorin is the only producer in the world of 2stage trancriticalDorin is the only producer in the world of 2stage trancritical co2 compressors from 3 to 35Hpco2 compressors from 3 to 35Hp
LT refrigerating systems with the use of one CO2 compressor ONLY
optimal solution for LT condensing unit for small and medium size stores
CD2S 4-cylinder compressor
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.3 DIRECT EXPANSION SYSTEMS:
DORIN range CD2S two-stage transcritical CO2 Compressors
3 models @ 2 + 1 cylinders from 3 to 4 HP
6 models @ 2 + 2 cylinders from 12 to 35 HP
Interstage cooling required , generally a secundary section of main gas cooler
Flash gas extraction in 2 + 2 cylinders models to increase cooling capacity
Cooling capacity from 1 to 14 kW @ -35°C/90bar
Design pressure Pss = 100 bar, PS = 150 bar
CD_2S (R744_CO2)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10Temperatura evaporazione / Evaporation temperature Temperature d'èvaporation / Verdampfungstemperatur
[°C]
Pre
ssio
ne d
i m
an
data
/ D
isch
arg
e p
ressu
re
Pre
ssio
n d
e r
efo
ule
men
t /
Ho
ch
dru
ck
[bar] CRITICAL
PRESSURE
6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS6. DORIN CO2 COMPRESSORS FOR RETAIL APPLICATIONS
6.3 DIRECT EXPANSION SYSTEMS:
To date, high first cost
Higher pressure involved: max 90 bar for ambient temperature up to 35°C
Correct training needed to installers for service purposes, but scenario continuously
improving
need to handle trans-critical operation
Use of CO2 only, low cost of refrigerant
High efficiency, especially for moderate climates (Central – Northern Europe)
No need of special arrangements for prolonged standstill (on system with CD’s)
Very smaller pipings, smooth installation
Long term alternative to any legislation
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
CO2 Supermarkets in USA font: SCHECCO
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
CO2 Supermarkets in CANADA font: SCHECCO
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
CO2 Supermarkets in JAPAN font: SCHECCO
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
CO2 Supermarkets in EUROPE font: SCHECCO
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
CO2 Supermarkets in EUROPE font: SCHECCO
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
CO2 Supermarkets in EUROPE
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
CO2 Supermarkets in EUROPE font: SCHECCO
7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS7. CO2 REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS
CO2 Manufacturing Companies in Europe font: SCHECCO
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
F-gas REGULATIONHCFC definitely banned in many countries
Severe restrictions to use HFC’s in next future
Taxation of HFC refrigerants
Incentives toward the use of natural refrigerants
Limitation of direct emissions to ambient of high GWP substances
ENERGY SAVINGSystem energy efficiency is the other key factor
IT MAKES NO SENSE TO USE LOW GWP REFRIGERANT IF WE CREATE MORE CO2 EMISSIONS TO DRIVE THE REFRIGERATING SYSTEM
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
CO2 system efficiency versus HFc’s font: ENEX
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
• Parallel compression - CO2 System with Auxiliary Compressor
Picture of a booster unit with auxiliary compressor
Font: Enex
GC
RC
HTE
LTE
ENTALPHY
PR
ES
SU
RE
R744 -- Log(p)-h diagram
mBY
mHT
mLT
mHT+mLTmTN
FGLHX
PARALLEL COMPRESSION
m//
(mBY - m//)
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
Parallel Compression
Flash Gas re-compressed from a higher level pressure
EJECTOR:
Overfeeded Evaporators
Latent Heat used in optimised way
Control of the suction super-heating not
necessary
Evaporator Overfeeding with Ejector
Font: Enex
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
How works the Ejector Font: Enex
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
Evaporator Overfeeding with Ejector Font: Enex
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
Evaporator Overfeeding with Ejector Font: Enex
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
Font: Enex
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
Font: Enex
Case study: Supermarket refrigeration system in Bari (Italy)
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
Font: Enex
8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS8. HIGH EFFICIENCY CO2 SYSTEMS
Font: Enex
Case study: Supermarket refrigeration system in Bari (Italy)
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
KIND COURTESY
of
TESCO
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
PROFROID / GREEN & COOL – FRANCE / SWEDEN
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
Font: Enex
ENEX - ITALY
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
SMARTREF – CANADA
RETAIL REFRIGERATION (HOT GAS DEFROST)
ICE-SKATE ARENA
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
COSTAN - ITALY
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
ADVANSOR by HILL PHOENIX - DENMARK
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
LENNOX / HEATCRAFT – FRANCE RETAIL REFRIGERATION
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
COZUM, TEKSO, EPTA – TURKEY
9. REFERENCES9. REFERENCES
FUTE REFRIGERATION – TESCO CHINA
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
Set point [°C] 60 70 80 60 70
Gas cooler water inlet temperature [°C] 14.7 14.5 14.5 20.3 20.1
Water delivery temperature [°C] 60.2 69.8 80.0 59.6 69.3
Gas cooler water mass flow rate [kgh-1] 416.9 313.7 264.6 457.0 356.1
Gas cooler pressure [bar] 96.7 98.2 109.8 91.0 104.1
Gas cooler outlet temperature [°C] 22.4 33.5 34.5 34.5 33.0
Evaporator water inlet temperature [°C] 15.1 15.4 15.5 22.2 21.4
Evaporation temperature [°C] 1.8 3.9 4.2 8.3 8.7
Gas cooler power [kW] 20.6 18.6 18.9 19.5 21.5
COP [-] 3.8 3.4 3.1 3.9 3.7
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS : HEAT PUMP PERFORMANCE (B)
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
CONCLUSIONS
•The concept of CO2 Heat Pumps with Stratification water tank is the best one since that it permit to have continuosly hot water at controlled temperature. •This presentation shows an example of CO2 Heat pump that is produced already in large scale and that it is reaching very positive results in term of reliability and running costs.•The presented data confirm that the performances of CO2 heat Pumps are very high-levels ones and they permit significant energy saving and more environmental friendly solution.
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
HEAT PUMPS
HI-TECH - CHINA
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
HEAT PUMPS
QUANTUM - CHINA
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
HEAT PUMPS DONGQI- CHINA
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
HEAT PUMPS ITOMIC – JAPAN ECO-CUTE Project
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
THE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMSTHE GLOBAL SOLUTION FOR COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
Massimo Casini
10. CONCLUSIONS10. CONCLUSIONS
“Who has time hasn’t to risk to loose time”: so, please start to take in consideration CO2 as refrigerant for “real” long term solution and not as an “Experimental refrigerant” only.
Finally we can confirm that:
- CO2 is definitely one of the MAIN SOLUTIONS for Commercial
Refrigeration
- DORIN thanks to its pioneer experience is able to offer to the market
the widest range of Compressors for Transcritical and Cascade systems
- DORIN is ready and proud to support the worldwide market to start with one of the most globally environmental friendly alternative.
Thanks and Good…. CO2 to
Everybody!