Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy

Office of ScienceOffice of ScienceU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy

Nanoscale Science Research CentersNanoscale Science Research Centers::Status UpdateStatus Update

Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionDirectors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionNanoscience Research for Energy Needs reportNanoscience Research for Energy Needs report

Dr. Altaf H. CarimDr. Altaf H. CarimScientific User Facilities Division andScientific User Facilities Division and

Materials Sciences and Engineering DivisionMaterials Sciences and Engineering DivisionOffice of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of Basic Energy Sciences

Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee meetingBasic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee meetingAugust 6, 2004August 6, 2004

http://www.science.doe.gov/bes/

Altaf H. CarimAltaf H. CarimBasic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences 2

Status of the Nanoscale Science Research CentersStatus of the Nanoscale Science Research Centers

NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholders Discussion, NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholders Discussion, August 2-4, 2004August 2-4, 2004

Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs:Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs:an interagency workshop identifying key research targetsan interagency workshop identifying key research targets

OutlineOutline


Nanoscale Science Research CentersNanoscale Science Research Centers

Center forCenter forNanoscale MaterialsNanoscale Materials

(Argonne)(Argonne)

Center for NanophaseCenter for NanophaseMaterials SciencesMaterials Sciences

(Oak Ridge)(Oak Ridge) Molecular FoundryMolecular Foundry(Berkeley)(Berkeley)

Center for Functional NanomaterialsCenter for Functional Nanomaterials(Brookhaven)(Brookhaven)

Center for Integrated Nanotech-Center for Integrated Nanotech-nologies (Sandia & Los Alamos)nologies (Sandia & Los Alamos)


Status of the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, 8/04Status of the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, 8/04


Nanoscale Science Research Centers: Web SitesNanoscale Science Research Centers: Web Sites

Center For Functional NanomaterialsCenter For Functional NanomaterialsBrookhaven National LaboratoryBrookhaven National Laboratorywww.cfn.bnl.govwww.cfn.bnl.gov

Center For Integrated NanotechnologiesCenter For Integrated NanotechnologiesSandia National Laboratories/Los Alamos National LaboratorySandia National Laboratories/Los Alamos National Laboratorycint.sandia.govcint.sandia.gov or or cint.lanl.govcint.lanl.gov

Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge National Laboratorywww.cnms.ornl.govwww.cnms.ornl.gov

Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM)Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM)Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratorynano.anl.govnano.anl.gov

The Molecular FoundryThe Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratorywww.foundry.lbl.govwww.foundry.lbl.gov


Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology brochureNanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology brochure(updated; current version published March 2004)(updated; current version published March 2004)

available, along with additional information, at:available, along with additional information, at:http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/NNI.htm http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/NNI.htm (or in hard copy upon request)(or in hard copy upon request)





OutlineOutline


NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionNSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionAugust 2-4, 2004August 2-4, 2004

BackgroundBackground

Several prior half- and full-day NSRC directors’ meetings have been Several prior half- and full-day NSRC directors’ meetings have been held (sometimes in conjunction with BESAC meetings):held (sometimes in conjunction with BESAC meetings):

• June 6-7, 2002

• November 4, 2002

• February 26, 2003

• July 24, 2003

• February 24, 2004

These have been used to gather the Center directors (and some These have been used to gather the Center directors (and some others) to discuss common issues and coordinate activities:others) to discuss common issues and coordinate activities:

• web site design, “jumpstart” user programs, user training, outreach, BES nanoscience brochure, workshops, ultrafine particles


NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionNSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionAugust 2-4, 2004August 2-4, 2004

Background (continued)Background (continued)

• In addition, there was an initial mini-review of operating plans In addition, there was an initial mini-review of operating plans (half day for each NSRC) on February 17-19, 2004.(half day for each NSRC) on February 17-19, 2004.

• A number of common issues were raised during this review and added to at the subsequent post-BESAC NSRC directors’ meeting.

• These (primarily operational) issues were the primary basis for holding the extended Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder Discussion earlier this week.

• Participants (about 75 total) included:Participants (about 75 total) included:• Directors and several staff from each NSRC

• other scientific community stakeholders (members of NSRC scientific advisory committees, NSRC jumpstart users, etc.)

• BES management and staff

• representatives from other parts of DOE (EH, SC-EHS)


NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionNSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionAgenda for August 2-4, 2004Agenda for August 2-4, 2004

Each NSRC was designated to lead a half-day session, organize it, Each NSRC was designated to lead a half-day session, organize it, and take responsibility for the products of that session. The overall and take responsibility for the products of that session. The overall agenda was as follows:agenda was as follows:

Monday am: Standardization among NSRCs – Internal Issues Monday pm: Standardization among NSRCs – External Issues Tuesday am: Ethical, Legal, Social, and Environmental/Health Issues Tuesday pm: Metrics for Success of the NSRCs Tuesday eve: Theory, Modeling, and Simulation Wednesday am: Coordination among NSRCs

In addition, there were two (largely parallel) satellite meetings of In addition, there were two (largely parallel) satellite meetings of project personnel that were initiated by staff at the Centers:project personnel that were initiated by staff at the Centers:

Wednesday pm: Conventional Facilities Wednesday pm: Environmental Safety and Health


NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionNSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionOutcomes: Issue PapersOutcomes: Issue Papers

Each half-day session of the main meeting contained discussion of Each half-day session of the main meeting contained discussion of several related areas. several related areas.

The outcomes of these were a series of concise issue papers The outcomes of these were a series of concise issue papers produced by the NSRC Directors and staff, including the following produced by the NSRC Directors and staff, including the following components:components:

Title

Brief Description of Issue

Background

Sensitivities, if any

Findings

Suggestions/recommendations


NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionNSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionIssue Paper TitlesIssue Paper Titles

Review Criteria for NSRCs Review Process and Documentation User Definitions and Policies The User Experience Intellectual Property Coordinated User Activities Coordinated Science Activities Coordination with non-DOE Nanocenters Theory, Modeling, and Simulation at the NSRCs Staffing Policies NSRC Advisory Committee Structures Recapitalization Environmental Safety and Health Roles and Responsibilities Hazard Control, Worker Safety and Training Public Perception and Education


NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionNSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder DiscussionIssue Paper DispositionIssue Paper Disposition

These documents serve as collective input on operational These documents serve as collective input on operational issues from the Nanoscale Science Research Centers.issues from the Nanoscale Science Research Centers.

They will be the initial basis for development of DOE-BES issue They will be the initial basis for development of DOE-BES issue papers.papers.

After consideration and revision by BES, the NSRCs will have After consideration and revision by BES, the NSRCs will have another opportunity to comment before these are finalized and another opportunity to comment before these are finalized and then made more widely available.then made more widely available.

Several examples of information from the issue papers are Several examples of information from the issue papers are included in the following visuals.included in the following visuals.


NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder Discussion:NSRC Directors’ Meeting and Stakeholder Discussion:some tidbits from submitted Issue Paperssome tidbits from submitted Issue Papers

Review Criteria for NSRCsReview Criteria for NSRCs

from Description of the Issue:from Description of the Issue:

“The two key criteria for evaluating the successful execution of this mission are High scientific impact A productive and satisfied user community, and quality of user support”

Findings:Findings: “NSRCs should use the same two criteria for success as the other BES facilities.”

from Suggestions:from Suggestions: “Impact should be counted as the total output of both User science and NSRC

scientific staff, but can be articulated separately for the purposes of BES review and annual NSRC self-evaluation.”



Review Process and DocumentationReview Process and Documentation

from Recommendations:from Recommendations:

“We suggest that the documentation also include an Executive Summary written by the facility in the form of a narrative that covers the overall scientific impact, effectiveness of the user program, and future vision for the facility.”

The list of recommended documentation included five categories, with considerable detail supplied for each:

Facility Instruments and Laboratories User Access Impact Future directions



Intellectual PropertyIntellectual Property

from Background:from Background:

“…Full cost recovery is required for proprietary research, and efforts should be made to secure appropriate intellectual property control for proprietary users to permit them to exploit their experimental results. Standard practice is to have staff sign Non-Disclosure Agreements as needed. Also standard, co-inventions between a user and a staff member are jointly owned, using the rules and processes of the host laboratory…”

from Findings:from Findings:

“Paul Gottlieb (DOE Assistant General Counsel for Technology Transfer & Intellectual Property) described the various options for working with users under currently existing DOE approved processes. While existing approaches have many of the characteristics that the NSRCs would like to see, it didn’t appear that any of these approaches have all of the characteristics required to satisfy the needs of the NSRCs. Paul encouraged us to define the characteristics that we would like and that he and others can help us develop an approach to secure the proper authorities to operate in the desired mode.…”



Coordinated User ActivitiesCoordinated User Activities

Recommendations:Recommendations: “Establish a working group to reach consensus about the uniformity of the NSRC

User proposal. If it is agreed that a uniform format is desireable, this same group will design and iterate to a uniform proposal format.

To optimize inter-NSRC communication and minimize cost, it is recommended that each lab exploit the video conferencing access grid. The frequency of meetings should be between 1 and 4 months, or even more frequently as the need arises.

Form a committee to discuss coordination of User support, i.e., global access to all NSRCs and design/implementation of standard basic web-based training modules.

Design a grid (or grids) of all equipment available across the NSRC’s and arrange to have it as a standard item on each NSRC website.

Express to DOE and other governmental entities the utility and wide support for science-based events such as the NanoSummit. Important coordination meetings may be held attendant to the NanoSummit.”



Hazard Control, Worker Safety and TrainingHazard Control, Worker Safety and Training(Environmental Safety and Health – Operational Issues)(Environmental Safety and Health – Operational Issues)

from Suggestions/Recommendations:from Suggestions/Recommendations: “Experiments synthesizing or using nanostructures should undergo pre-execution

review and authorization for potential health, safety and environmental considerations. An industrial hygienist intimately familiar with laboratory operations should be part of this review team and should “sign off” on the protocol…

Nanomaterials should be handled using existing… practices for materials of unknown and presumed toxic properties…

Clear, workable and documented practices for handling nanomaterials should be adopted…

Where it is possible that operations involving nanostructures may cause airborne exposures, workers should wear personal protective equipment…”

(Note that additional discussion on points of NSRC coordination in (Note that additional discussion on points of NSRC coordination in this area occurred at the satellite ES&H meeting.)this area occurred at the satellite ES&H meeting.)





OutlineOutline


Nanoscience Research for Energy NeedsNanoscience Research for Energy Needs

Co-chairs:

Dr. Robert Q. Hwang, BNL

Prof. Ellen D. Williams, U. Md.

Report of a “grand challenge” Report of a “grand challenge” workshop for the National workshop for the National Nanotechnology InitiativeNanotechnology Initiative(March 16-18, 2004)(March 16-18, 2004)

Co-sponsored by DOE-BES and by Co-sponsored by DOE-BES and by other NNI participating agencies via other NNI participating agencies via the National Nanotechnology the National Nanotechnology Coordination OfficeCoordination Office


Workshop backgroundWorkshop background

National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) reports and documents, National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) reports and documents, as well as BESAC and BES studies, served as foundational as well as BESAC and BES studies, served as foundational

background documents for the workshopbackground documents for the workshop

Energy conversion and storage is one of nine “grand challenge areas” identified as part of the NNI since its inception in 2001

Nanostructured materials were identified as a cross-cutting research theme in both the Energy Security and Hydrogen workshops


Workshop outcomesWorkshop outcomes

An An Executive SummaryExecutive Summary

A set of 9 A set of 9 Research Targets for Energy NeedsResearch Targets for Energy Needs

Single-pageSingle-page sidebars sidebars describing research targets and describing research targets and their energy impactstheir energy impacts

A set of 6 A set of 6 Cross-cutting ThemesCross-cutting Themes that are foundational that are foundational and underpin the identified research targetsand underpin the identified research targets

Web address: Web address: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/NREN_rpt.pdfhttp://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/NREN_rpt.pdf


Workshop outcomes: Research TargetsWorkshop outcomes: Research Targets

• Scalable methods to split water with sunlight for hydrogen production

• Highly selective catalysts for clean and energy efficient manufacturing

• Harvesting of solar energy with 20 percent power efficiency and 100 times lower cost

• Solid-state lighting at 50 percent of the present power consumption

• Super-strong light-weight materials to improve efficiency of cars, airplanes, etc.

• Reversible hydrogen storage materials operating at ambient temperatures

• Power transmission lines capable of 1 gigawatt transmission

• Low-cost fuel cells, batteries, thermoelectrics, and ultra-capacitors built from nanostructured materials

• Materials synthesis and energy harvesting based on the efficient and selective mechanisms of biology


Workshop outcomes: sample Research TargetWorkshop outcomes: sample Research Target

Nanostructured PhotovoltaicsNanostructured Photovoltaics

Improvements in control over Improvements in control over nanoscale synthesis have the potential nanoscale synthesis have the potential to result in cost, durability, and to result in cost, durability, and efficiency breakthroughsefficiency breakthroughs

Band gap tuning, nanoscale Band gap tuning, nanoscale structuring, and combinations of structuring, and combinations of tailored nanoscale components could tailored nanoscale components could facilitate broad spectral absorptionfacilitate broad spectral absorption


Workshop outcomes: sample Research TargetWorkshop outcomes: sample Research Target

Solid-State LightingSolid-State Lighting

Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) and other nanoscale advances dots) and other nanoscale advances could provide lighting with much could provide lighting with much reduced power consumptionreduced power consumption

A 50% reduction in the total electricity A 50% reduction in the total electricity consumed for lighting would saveconsumed for lighting would save4 x 104 x 101111 kW-h / year (equivalent to the kW-h / year (equivalent to the annual production of 50 typical nuclear annual production of 50 typical nuclear reactor units)reactor units)


Workshop outcomes: Cross-cutting ThemesWorkshop outcomes: Cross-cutting Themes

• Catalysis by nanoscale materials

• Using interfaces to manipulate energy carriers

• Linking structure and function at the nanoscale

• Assembly and architecture of nanoscale

• Theory, modeling, and simulation for energy

• Scalable synthesis methods


Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs:Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs:role in NNI planningrole in NNI planning

The Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs workshop was one of a series of “grand challenge area” workshops sponsored over the past two years or so by the NNI interagency group and/or individual agencies.

An overarching workshop to synthesize the outputs of these more narrowly focused meetings, identify gaps, and consider other aspects of the future of the initiative will be held next month. This is in some senses a successor to the 1999 interagency Nanotechnology Research Directions workshop, and is being titled “Research Directions II” (RD II).

The information from this meeting and other sources will provide input to development of the updated strategic plan for the NNI, which will be undertaken by the NSET subcommittee and other federal agency representatives immediately after RD II.

The Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs workshop report also serves to inform further research investments by BES.


Oversight of the NNI:Oversight of the NNI:Public Law 108-153, and the role of PCASTPublic Law 108-153, and the role of PCAST

Public Law 108-153, the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act, was signed into law by the President on December 3, 2003. Among its provisions, the Act (an authorization bill) formalizes much of the structure that already existed for coordinating the National Nanotechnology Program.

The Act formally establishes the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office, provides for regular external review of the program via the National Academy of Sciences, and indicates that “The President shall establish or designate a National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel” and lists its duties.

Prior to passage of the Act, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) had already begun to discuss the NNI program and its defining “grand challenges” in response to the National Research Council’s 2002 review of the NNI. Specifically, it had formed three Task Forces in the following areas: Materials/Electronics/Photonics; Energy/Environment; Biology/Medicine/Societal Issues

On July 23, 2004, the President signed an Executive Order formally designating PCAST to serve as the National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel required by the Act.

Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy

Documents

Transcript of Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy