Office of Emergency Communications Gateway Training Workshop Module One Basic Gateway Overview.
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Transcript of Office of Emergency Communications Gateway Training Workshop Module One Basic Gateway Overview.
Office of Emergency Communications
Gateway Training
Workshop Module One
Basic Gateway Overview
Office of Emergency Communications
Basic Gateway Overview
General Interoperability Methods Urban Area’s Specific Interoperability
Technologies Gateway Operations
Deployment Considerations Activation / De-activation Limitations Best Practices
Office of Emergency Communications
Interoperability Methods SAFECOM Interoperability
Continuum
Office of Emergency Communications
Interoperability Methods (Continued)
Radio Communications Interoperability Strategies
Same Radio SystemSystem-to-System
Gateways
Swap Radios
Shared System
CommercialServices
CommonFrequencies
MultimodeRadios
ConsoleInterface
Multi-System
Controllers
Office of Emergency Communications
Interoperability Methods (Continued) P25 Standards
Will Fix Common Air Interface Modulation Schemes
Conventional radios Digital radios Trunked radios
Internet connectivity (Phase 2) Data Transfer (limited) Narrowband Requirements
Will NOT Fix Different Frequency Lack of Coverage
Office of Emergency Communications
Urban Area’s Specific Interoperability Technologies
Insert Slide from TICP Information
Office of Emergency Communications
Gateway Operations
ICRI
InfiniMux
RIOS Rack Mount
RIOS Portable
ACU-1000
TRP-1000
ACU-T
Office of Emergency Communications
Deployment Considerations
Incident Area Network (IAN) – Small, temporary network
created for a specific incident
Incident Area Network (IAN) – Small, temporary network
created for a specific incident
Transportable
Fixed
Jurisdiction Area Network (JAN) - Main communications network for first responders; provides connectivity to the Extended Area Network (EAN). Extended Area Network (EAN) - Links city, county, regional, state, and national systems
Portable
Portable
Office of Emergency Communications
Deployment Considerations
PSTN
Remote Sites
Interface Devices
Cellular VHFNetwork UHF 700/800
MHzIridium
802.XLAN
Interface Devices
Network
AudioGateway
Note:
The Audio Bridge/Gateway doesn’t transmit or receive any signals. All modulation and demodulation is accomplished by the interface devices.
Office of Emergency Communications
Deployment Considerations: Gateway Placement
Good Signal
Out of Range
GATEWAY
SmartNet
EDACSConventional
Office of Emergency Communications
Deployment Considerations: Extending Coverage Area
Gateways interfaced to radios using talk-around frequencies requires a
smaller coverage area and can work well for Incident
Area Networks
Gateway
Office of Emergency Communications
Activation/De-activation
Insert information from TICP
Office of Emergency Communications
Gateway Limitations: Overview
Gateways retransmit across multiple frequency bands and/or systems providing an interim interoperability solution as agencies move toward shared systems. However, gateways have the following limitations: No Encryption
Inefficiencies Geographic Area Portable Battery Life Set-up Time Frequency conflicts/interference
Office of Emergency Communications
Gateway Limitation: No Encryption
The Gateways don’t transmit or receive any signals
Gateways pass baseband audio (audible voice)
All modulation / demodulation and Encryption/Decryption is accomplished by the interface devices
Example: An encrypted signal comes into an interface device, it decrypts the signal and passes the baseband audio to the devices patched to it. If the other devices are encrypted the audio is re-encrypted and sent out. However, if a device isn’t encrypted the audio is still retransmitted in the clear. Remember, at a minimum the audio can be monitored in the clear at the gateway.
Office of Emergency Communications
Gateway Limitation: Inefficiency
Additional Assets To provide interoperability on the scene of an incident
each agency needs to provide a mobile radio in advance or a portable on the scene of the incident
This ties up one radio asset for each system/channel, the more channels you tie together in a talk group the more radio spectrum being utilized
Example: If we share a common frequency and everyone turns to that frequency we have interoperability, no extra radios or radio frequencies are being used. If we are patched through a gateway, we are still using our radios on the scene but now there are two extra radio assets patched through the gateway and we are using twice the radio spectrum.
Office of Emergency Communications
Gateway Limitation: Coverage Area
Gateway's effective geographic coverage area is limited to the area that is common to all systems participating in that link.
CommonArea
Note: In this usage the Gateway does not increase your coverage range. Your radio must be able to hit you normal network to communicate
Office of Emergency Communications
Some gateways require significant time to configure, others are a matter of simply hooking up radios and turning the system on.
It doesn’t matter the type of gateway you use, it is imperative the gateway be configured in it’s standard operating configuration prior to deployment
Example: The gateway will be used to connect an 800 MHz trunked system to a conventional system on a regular basis. The trunk channel requires time to get an acknowledgement tone back from the system prior to transmission; the gateway must be configured to allow for this delay so none of the message is lost during transition. All gateways must pass the shoot/don’t shoot rule loosing one word can ruin someone’s day.
Gateway Limitation: Set-Up
Office of Emergency Communications
Gateway Limitation: Battery Life
Battery Life of Portable Radios have a Limited Use Time
Mobile gateways are designed to enable interoperable communications for short duration events.
In the event that the mobile gateways will need to be used for an extended period of time, precautions should be taken such as an additional power supplies, radio chargers, and/or batteries should be considered.
Office of Emergency Communications
Gateway Limitation: Frequency Conflicts / Interference Antennas must be properly positioned to prevent
radio interference or desensitizing the radio receivers In regions where multiple mobile gateway devices are
accessible, it is critical to coordinate the use of these devices to ensure that multiple gateways do not “step-on” each other
Example1: Patching multiple VHF channels on the same Gateway (GW) can raise the noise level in the immediate area of the GW so the effective range may be reduced.
Example 2: If GW 1 has 12 radios interfaced to it and the radios are programmed to frequencies 1-12. GW2 has 5 radios interfaced to it and they are programmed to frequencies 1-5. GW1 creates a patch between 1, 6, and 8. GW2 creates a patch to 1, 3, and 5. This is the same as if you had one GW patching channels 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 together. At best this scenario will add confusion, at worst the radio chatter will make both systems unusable. Coordinate all patches through the Incident Communications Leader (COML).
Office of Emergency Communications
Best Practices No Encryption
Treat all conversations as if they are in the clean
Inefficiencies To prevent excess chatter, only patch those systems that
really need to talk to each other for the time they need to talk. Remember, just because you can patch someone doesn’t mean you should
Never patch talkgroups on the same trunked system together; you could cause your own system busy.
When using an audio gateway with a trunked system, its best to have a high priority talkgroup on the system dedicated for gateway use
Office of Emergency Communications
Best Practices (Continued)
Geographic Area Use talk-around frequencies for localized incidents
Portable Battery Life Use mobile radios whenever possible
Set-up Time Interface radios should be tested and adjusted with the
audio gateway prior to initial deployment. Some mobile radios require special programming, others may require hardware modification
Office of Emergency Communications
Best Practices (Continued)
Setup Time (Continued) All gateways require special interface cables to
connect to the various types of radios. If a radio must be added ad hoc, the requesting organization should provide a portable radio, additional batteries, charger, and the interface cable
Frequency conflicts/interference Coordination is the key, always go through the
Communications Leader prior to creating a patch and know what is being patch
Office of Emergency Communications
Questions
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