Office of Child Development and Early Learning

Tom Corbett, Governor | Ronald Tomalis, Secretary of Education | Gary D. Alexander, Secretary of Public Welfare www.education.state.pa.us | www.dpw.state.pa.us

Office of Child Development & Early Learning

Office of Child Developmentand Early Learning

Because every child is Pennsylvania’s future



Early Childhood Education

Why quality early childhood education is so important for

all of Pennsylvania’s children.



Taking a look at the bigger picture



Mathematics

In mathematics literacy, 27 percent of U.S. students scored at or above proficiency level 4. This is lower than the 32 percent of students in the OECD countries on average that scored at or above level 4.

Source: Highlights From PISA 2009: Performance of U.S. 15-Year-Old Students in Reading,

Mathematics, and Science Literacy in an International Context

ReadingAmong the 33 other OECD countries, 6 countries had higher average scores than the United States, 13 had lower average scores, and 14 had average scores not measurably different from the U.S. average.

Source: Highlights From PISA 2009: Performance of U.S. 15-Year-Old Students in Reading,

Mathematics, and Science Literacy in an International Context

ScienceLess than one-third of U.S. elementary- and high-school students have a solid grasp of science. Scores from a recent international science exam showed U.S. students trailing their counterparts in many European and Asian countries.

Source: 2009 National Assessment of Educational Progress

Where we stand as a Nation



Where we stand as a Nation

Workforce

If China and India successfully train less than 10% of their population, their skilled workforce would be nearly equal to the entire U.S. workforce.

Source: U.S. Chamber of Commerce Institute for a Competitive Workforce

By 2018, we will need 22 million new college degrees—but will fall short of that number by at least 3 million postsecondary degrees, Associate’s or better. In addition, we will need at least 4.7 million new workers with postsecondary certificates.

Source: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce



Where we stand as a NationOverall

In 2008 in the United States, there were 325,000 public school students, 16- through 24-year-olds, who were not enrolled in high school and who had not earned a high school credential.

Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences

Out of 34 countries, the United States ranked 14th in reading, 17th in science and 25th in math. Those scores are all higher than those from 2003 and 2006, but far behind the highest scoring countries, including South Korea, Finland and Singapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai in China and Canada.

Source: 2009 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)



Mathematics Proficiency LevelsHow the United States Compares

Korea, R

epublic

of

Finlan

d

Switze

rland

Japan

Canad

a

Netherl

ands

New Ze

aland

Belgium

Australi

a

Estonia

Icelan

d

Denmark

Slove

nia

Norway

France

Slova

k Rep

ublic

Austria

Poland

Swed

en

Czech Rep

ublic

United Kingd

om

Hungary

Luxembourg

United St

ates

Irelan

d

Portuga

lSp

ain Italy

Greece

Israel

Turke

yChile

Mexico

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Average scores of 15-year-old students on mathematics literacy scale, by country: 2009



Science Literacy Scores How the United States Compares

Finlan

dJap

an

Korea, R

epublic

of

New Ze

aland

Canad

a

Estonia

Australia

Netherl

ands

German

y

Switze

rland

United Kingd

om

Slove

nia

PolandIre

land

Belgium

Hungary

United St

ates

Czech Rep

ublic

Norway

Denmark

France

Icelan

d

Swed

en

Austria

Portuga

l

Slova

k Rep

ublic Italy

Spain

Luxembourg

Greece

Israel

Turke

yChile

Mexico

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Average scores of 15-year-old students on science literacy scale, by country: 2009



Reading Scores How the United States Compares

Kore, Rep

ublic of

Finlan

d

Canad

a

New Ze

aland

Japan

Australia

Netherl

ands

Belgium

Norway

Estonia

Switze

rland

PolandIce

land

United St

ates

Swed

en

German

y

Irelan

dFra

nce

Denmak

e

United Kingd

om

Hungary

Portugal Ita

ly

Slove

niaGree

ceSp

ain

Czech Rep

ublic

Slova

k Rep

ublicIsr

ael

Luxembourg

Austria

Turke

yChile

Mexico

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Average scores of 15-year-old students on combined reading literacy scale and reading literacy subscales, by country: 2009



“How can any of us sit still when millions of American children are trapped in failing schools and a third of them don’t even get a high school diploma? This is a moral outrage and a ticking social time bomb…we must move faster and more ambitiously on fundamental school reform or we will all pay a horrific price in the years ahead.”

Thomas J. Donohue, President and CEOU.S. Chamber of Commerce

Outlook 2011: The State of American BusinessNational Chamber Foundation

January 11, 2011



Future outlook: new, better jobs that require more education

Well-paid, low skilled jobs are a thing of the past.

63% percent of jobs in the next decade will require some post-secondary education.



Current and future workforce is not prepared to fill 21st century jobs

60% of new jobs in the 21st century will require skills, of which only 20% of the current American workforce possess.

Pennsylvania has an over 20% high school dropout rate. By 2018, the U.S. will have a 3 million college graduates gap to meet labor

demands.

If the U.S. doesn’t meet workforce needs, jobs may go elsewhere.



Closer to home: PennsylvaniaOur Families, Our Schools, Our Communities

Nearly 60% of Pennsylvania children under age five live in economically at-risk families.

Source: Program Reach & Risk Assessment, 2009-2010

46 of Pennsylvania’s 67 counties are at moderate-high or high risk of school failure.

Source: Pennsylvania Office of Child Development and Early Learning

Annual Report 2009-2010

More than 14,000 Pennsylvania students dropped out of school prior to graduation in 2009. Over 21% of these students reported a “dislike of school” as the reason for dropping out.

Source: Public Secondary School Dropouts by School 2008-2009



Closer to home: Pennsylvania continuedMathematics

Nearly 16% of Pennsylvania’s 3rd graders are not proficient in math. More than 40% of Pennsylvania’s 11th graders are not proficient.

Source: 2009-10 State Level Math, Reading, Science and Writing PSSA Results

ReadingMore than 25% of Pennsylvania’s 3rd graders are not proficient in reading. Nearly 33% of Pennsylvania’s 11th graders are not proficient.

Source: 2009-10 State Level Math, Reading, Science and Writing PSSA Results



Nearly 20% of Pennsylvania’s 11th graders failed the state’s Reading & Science tests.

Nearly 25% of them failed the state’s Math test.



Current outlook: slow recovery, higher public costs

Pennsylvania and the U.S. are facing a “jobless” recovery – the economy will not be back on track until 2015.

Increasing costs for prisons, public assistance and healthcare



“Boosting early childhood investment is absolutely key for rebuilding the foundation for future growth. If we don’t fix early childhood investment, we will have a failed economy. The foundation will collapse.”

Source: Michael Mandel, Business Week economist, presentation during the 3rd Annual Conference of the

Partnership for America’s Economic Success, September 2009



Snapshot of Pennsylvania’s support of early education

Pennsylvania’s preschoolers* in high quality early childhood education programs:

*based on the percentage of 3 and 4 year olds with access to Head Start, Keystone STAR 3 & 4

programs, Preschool Early Intervention and state-funded pre-k.



Why Should Pennsylvania Value Early Childhood Education?



Benefits to Children



The value of Early Childhood EducationQuality early education is essential to healthy brain development and is the necessary first step in a child’s education. The circuits for key functions such as vision/hearing, language, and higher cognitive function develop most in the first five years of life. The creation of these circuits is affected by a child’s early learning environment. Bad experiences actually chew away at brain connections, while good quality experiences spur healthy development. After age five, the number of new connections slows, making it more difficult to build the necessary cognitive and social skills.

Source: Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University

Children who participate in quality early education programs are more likely to do well in school and on academic achievement tests, graduate high school and attend college.

Source: Abecedarian Project, (www.fpg.unc.edu/~abc/)



Positive brain development

“The brain undergoes its most rapid development in the first three years of life, and in this development the environment plays a central role. Nerve connections that are associated with specific skills such as language are developed during this critical period.”

Source: American Academy of Pediatrics



The impact of neglect on brain development



Neglect hurts brain development

“The systems in the human brain that allow us to form and maintain emotional relationships develop during infancy and the first years of life… with severe emotional neglect in early childhood the impact can be devastating.”

Source: Perry, B.D. (2002) Bonding and attachment in maltreated

children: consequences of emotional neglect in childhood. Child Trauma Academy Press, 3, 1-30.



The window of opportunity is small

Many of the skills that a child will need later in life are essentially shaped by age five.



Improved health outcomes, lower health care costs

Children exposed to continued toxic stress are more likely to have chronic diseases as adults, such as diabetes and heart disease, and cancer; early education helps prevent toxic stress for young children.

Source: The Foundations for Lifelong Health are Built in Early Childhood, Center for the Developing Child,

Harvard University

Individuals who had received the intensive early education starting in infancy had significantly better health and better health behaviors as young adults.

Source: Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health



A level playing field for future achievement for all children

Children affected by risks such as living in low-income families or low educational level of mother are more likely to enter school unprepared and fall behind.

When they receive quality early education, at-risk children can make up developmental gaps in early years, enter kindergarten at grade level

Differences in vocabulary growth between children in low and high socio-economic households

begin to appear as early as 18 months



Benefits to Families

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://lolabrigada.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/gay-family.jpg&imgrefurl=http://lolabrigada.wordpress.com/2008/07/07/your-tyson-gay-update/&usg=__Lsn1I-STdud8njukTPVmXq-j2oA=&h=564&w=800&sz=86&hl=en&start=1&sig2=RwtNZFYuv8BTsPNuCX7V2A&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=MA34HCO0jl1k-M:&tbnh=101&tbnw=143&prev=/images?q=gay+family&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1&ei=13h2TdLuF8SK0QGq4umvBw



“The average working parent in America misses five to nine days of work per year because of child care problems. This costs U.S. businesses $3 billion a year. Research confirms that if parents have quality early care and education available in their communities, not only will absenteeism and turnover go down, but productivity will also go up – immediately improving businesses’ bottom lines.”

Source: America's Edge: Strengthening Pennsylvania Businesses through Investments in Early Care and Education:

How Investments in Early Learning Increase Sales from Local Businesses, Create Jobs and Grow the Economy. 2011



The impact of accessible and reliable child care

Research has shown that families with access to child care assistance are up to 15 percent more likely to be employed, stay off welfare, and have higher earnings.

When families are not able to access child care assistance, they may go into debt, return to public assistance, choose lower quality, less stable child care, or face untenable choices in their household budgets.

Child care costs are extraordinarily high for working, low-income families - comparable with their housing costs.

Affordable and reliable child care can be the difference between self-sufficiency and improving a family’s quality of life or depending on public assistance and supports just to make ends meet.



Stronger and more productive familiesIn Pennsylvania, approximately 60% of children under age six need some form of child care as their families work.

Families with access to quality, reliable early education are more likely to be employed, be productive, and have fewer absences.



Lower rates of child abuse and neglect

“High quality in-home parent coaching services that begin when the mother is pregnant, such as Pennsylvania’s Nurse Family Partnership, can cut cases of child abuse and neglect nearly in half. “

Source: “Protect Kids: Reduce Crime: Save Money: Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect in Pennsylvania,”

Fight Crime Invest in Kids, December 2006



Benefits to Pennsylvania



“It’s a question about priorities. Early childhood education is a high return/low risk investment.”

Source: Michael J. Mandel, Ph.D., Former Chief Economist at BusinessWeek, at the 2010 Early Learning Investment

Commission’s Economic Summit



The Economic BenefitsVital to communities’

health and infrastructure

Creates more economic stimulus than any other

sector in the state

Helps keep families working and

saves taxes today

Develops productive citizens and a competitive workforce



Vital Community Health & Infrastructure

Just as roads, sewer and water are needed for housing and business development, so too is child care.

97% of community planners surveyed said that families are important to community growth, sustainability and diversity.

To attract families, a community needs access to quality, reliable early education.



Reduction of Special Education Needs

Over 271,150 children in K-12 require special education services in 2009-2010.

Pennsylvania’s support of quality pre-k programs could save Pennsylvania $100 million in special education costs.

In Pennsylvania, the average cost for special education per student is nearly $20,000 a year

—110% more than typical education.



Stronger Pennsylvania Workforce for today and tomorrow

Today: Skills learned in Pre-K Strengthen commitment to and attitude toward

school.Social and emotional development

Understand that there are consequences to actions and be responsible for what happens.

Language DevelopmentMath & Reading

Tomorrow: Skills needed by EmployersHigher education (Technical school/College degree)

Ability to work with othersWork hard and act responsibly to influence the future.

Take initiative and make choicesCommunication Skills

Mathematical and Written Abilities

Children who have quality early education are more likely to have higher earnings.



Because children who receive quality early education are more likely to graduate high school and college, they can more than double their earnings

potential.

Note: Data are 2009 annual averages for persons age 25 and over. Earnings are for full-time wage and salary workers.Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.



Savings on Corrections

Fight Crime Invest in Kids projects that high quality early learning could cut a quarter or more of the costs of corrections in Pennsylvania. Cutting a quarter of the $1.8 billion a year spent on corrections in Pennsylvania would eventually save $450 million a year.

Source: Fight Crime Invest in Kids Pennsylvania, “Invest in Early Education Now, Spend Less on Prison Later,” 2009

Pennsylvania spends on average $35,000 a

year per person in prison costs



“For every $1 invested in early care and education in Pennsylvania, an additional $1.06 is generated for a total of $2.06 in new spending in the state. This strong economic boost for local businesses is higher than investments in other major sectors such as transportation, construction, wholesale trade, retail trade and manufacturing. Inversely, cuts to state early learning programs would hurt local businesses in Pennsylvania by eliminating $1.06 in additional new spending for every $1 cut.”

Source: Strengthening Pennsylvania Businesses through Investments in Early Care and Education - How Investments

in Early Learning Increase Sales from Local Businesses, Create Jobs and Grow the Economy, February 2011



Job growth todayEconomic stimulus: Every dollar spent on early education generates $1.06 dollars in local economy through local hiring and purchasing goods and services.

Job producer: For every 10 jobs created in early education sector, 3 more jobs created outside early education.

Source: America’s Edge. “Strengthening Pennsylvania’s Business through

Investments in Early Care and Education,” 2011



"On the margin, if we're going to invest the next dollar in education and workforce development, we're going to see the highest return if that dollar's invested before children reach kindergarten."

Source: Rob Grunewald, associate economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2007



Future Economic Success

“The skills employers look for in quality employees, such as being team-oriented, literate and numerate, are capacities that are essentially shaped by age five.

A child’s early years provide a small window of opportunity for development. Once that window closes, it is much more difficult for children who are behind in their development to catch up.”

Source: Robert Dugger, managing partner of Hanover Investment Group and co-founder of the

Partnership for America’s Economic Success



Contributions to long-term economic growth

“Children who attend quality pre-kindergarten are more likely to be employed and have higher earnings, thus positively contributing to the tax base. Annual rates of return on preschool investments are estimated at 10 percent or higher each year over the students’ lifetimes, exceeding the 6 to 7 percent average rate of return typically expected of government programs and the stock market.”

Source: Committee for Economic Development, “The Economic Promise of Investing in High Quality

Preschool,” 2006



Long-term return on investment in early education

Nobel Laureate James Heckman states the rate of return for quality early childhood education is 10% per year.

This graph demonstrates that rates of return on human capital investment decrease with age, with the highest return on investments at preschool age (shaded in portion of the graph). (Heckman, 2008)



Snapshot of the value of Pennsylvania’s early education: Birth to Five

Pennsylvania falls around the middle among U.S. states in investment in a quality early education system.

Nearly 36% of Pennsylvania’s children birth to age five are participating in publicly-funded quality early education.



“The best investment in economic development that government and the private sector can make is in the healthy development of children.”

Source: Art Rolnick, Ph.D, Senior Vice President and Director of

Research at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis



The Office of Child Development and Early Learning

(OCDEL)



The Office of Child Development and Early Learning

The Office of Child Development and Early Learning (OCDEL) promotes opportunities for

all Pennsylvania children and families by building systems and providing supports that help ensure access to high quality child and

family services.



Pennsylvania's early education continuumSets the standard for quality early education;

Strives for higher quality and to reach all children and families that can benefit;

Ensures its investment is producing results for young children and families; and

Engages families, schools, communities and leaders to promote quality early learning opportunities.



Creating an effective early education system



OCDEL ProgramsCertification Services:• Licensing and Inspection of child care • Information source on DPW regulations for child care

Subsidy Services:• Child Care Works• Child Care Information Services (CCIS) with Parent Counseling and Referral Services

Early Intervention Services:• Infant/Toddler Early Intervention• Preschool Early Intervention• Early Intervention Technical Assistance

Early Learning Services:• Pennsylvania Pre-K Counts• Keystone STARS• Keystone Babies• PA Early Learning Keys to Quality• Head Start State Supplemental• Early Head Start• Family Support Programs



Children Served through OCDEL Programs



Children served by programProgram FY 09-10 FY 10-11 1 FY 11-12 1 Program FY 09-10 FY 10-11 1 FY 11-12 1

Child Care Works Head StartTANF 34,845 38,612 37,623 Total Head Start in PA 36,602 36,561 36,561

Former TANF 33,807 31,854 32,611

Head Start Supplemental Assistance Program 5,632 5,500 5,500

Low Income 61,085 64,615 64,615 Keystone STARS 168,530 172,520 172,520TOTAL (monthly average) 129,737 135,081 134,849 Nurse-Family Partnership 4,635 4,635 4,635

Early Intervention PA Pre-K Counts 11,863 11,500 11,500Birth to 3 Program 33,288 34,385 35,3003 to 5 Program 45,442 47,300 48,800

1 Fiscal Year End Goal or Projection



2011-2012 Highlights: State and Federal

Investment (in thousands)

(1) FY 2010-11, post-budget freeze

FY 2010-11 FY 2011-2012 Change

Keystone STARS/Keys to Quality

Child Care Services - State Funds $28,762 $28,762 $0

Child Care Services - Federal Funds $38,967 $38,967 $0

Total Funds $67,729 $67,729 $0

Child Care Works

Child Care Services - State Funds $142,959 $142,959 $0

Child Care Services - Federal Funds $203,225 $201,286 ($1,939)

Child Care Assistance - State Funds $189,582 $190,335 $753

Child Care Assistance - Federal Funds $197,197 $197,197 $0

Total State $361,303 $362,056 $753

Total Federal $439,389 $437,450 ($1,939)

Total ALL funds $800,692 $799,506 ($1,186)

Early Intervention

Early Intervention Birth - 3

State Funds $103,700 $117,800 $14,100

Federal Funds $84,376 $73,838 ($10,538)

Total Funds $188,076 $191,638 $3,562

Early Intervention 3-5

State Funds $182,142 $198,116 $15,974

Federal Funds $70,072 $60,611 ($9,461)

Total Funds $252,214 $258,727 $6,513

Total Birth -5 EI Funds $440,290 $450,365 $10,075

State only Funded Programs

Pennsylvania Pre-K Counts $83,620 $83,620 $0

Head Start Supplemental $37,655 $37,655 $0

Parent Child Home Program $2,084 $0 ($2,084)

Nurse Family Partnership (Includes Health Care Reform Home Visiting)

State Funds $11,978 $11,978 $0

Federal Funds $4,644 $7,740 $3,096

Total Funds $16,622 $19,718 $3,096

Funding amounts for FY 2010-2011 reflect post budgetary freeze amounts and/or actual available amounts.

References in Governor’s proposed budgetListed below are the appropriations by Department and the page number on which you can find these appropriations in the Governor’s budget proposal. The full document is available online at www.budget.state.pa.us

DPW programs Early Intervention – E35.9Child Care Works/ Keystone STARS - Child Care Services – E35.9 - Child Care Assistance - E35.9Nurse Family Partnership – E35.9

PDE programs PA Pre-K Counts - E14.6Head Start Supplemental - E14.6Early Intervention - E14.6



Useful links Pennsylvania Department of Education –

www.education.state.pa.us

Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare – www.dpw.state.pa.us

Pennsylvania Key – www.pakeys.org

Pennsylvania’s Promise for Children – www.papromiseforchildren.com



Resources

OCDEL Annual Report: http://www.pakeys.org/pages/get.aspx?page=EarlyLearning_Tools

Program Reach & Risk Assessment: http://www.pakeys.org/pages/get.aspx?page=EarlyLearning_Reach

BUILD ECE News: http://paprom.convio.net/site/PageServer?pagename=Build_home_page

Office of Child Development and Early Learning

Documents

Transcript of Office of Child Development and Early Learning