OFFICE CENTRE ANFEN SEMARANGrepository.unika.ac.id/16236/1/13.12.0036 STEFEN SAMBUHAK COV… ·...
Transcript of OFFICE CENTRE ANFEN SEMARANGrepository.unika.ac.id/16236/1/13.12.0036 STEFEN SAMBUHAK COV… ·...
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TUGAS AKHIR
PERENCANAAN PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN
OFFICE CENTRE ANFEN SEMARANG
Diajukan Sebagai Syarat Menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Sarjana Strata 1 (S-1)
Pada Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata
Disusun Oleh :
Andre 13.12.0027
Stefen Sambuhak 13.12.0036
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
SEMARANG
2018
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KARTU ASISTENSI
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KARTU ASISTENSI
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KARTU ASISTENSI
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan juga syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan YME karena dengan
berkat dan juga rahmat-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan dari tugas
akhir(TA) yang berjudul “Perencanaan Proyek Pembangunan Office Centre
AnFen Semarang” yang telah melewati berbagai tahapan.
Proses pembuatan tugas akhir ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada
banyak pihak yang sudah membantu.
1. Ir. David Widianto, MT. dan Ir. Widija Suseno, M.T. Selaku dosen
pembimbing yang telah membimbing kami dalam penyusunan tugas akhir
ini dari awal hingga akhir. Memberikan masukkan baik dalam segi
akademik maupun non akademik berupa masukan moral sebagai seorang
mahasiswa. Serta sebagai dosen penguji kami yang memberi perbaikan
bila jawaban kami kurang tepat.
2. Dr. Hermawan, ST. MT. dan Ir. RM Endro Giyanto, MM
Selaku dosen penguji yang memberikan masukkan serta koreksi pada
laporan tugas akhir, sehingga kekurangan yang terdapat dalam laporan
kami dapat diperbaiki guna memberikan laporan yang lebih baik lagi.
Selain memberikan masukkan dalam laporan, beliau-beliau juga
memberikan masukan kepada kami, bilamana pemahaman kami tentang
dasar teori maupun pengetahuan kami yang dalam penyampaiannya masih
kurang didalam proses sidang.
3. Teman-teman
Selaku rekan satu angkatan yang memberikan bantuan dalam hal referensi
bilamana tugas akhir mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari bahan untuk
penyusunan laporan tugas akhir ini. Serta dukungan ucapan semangat
yang sering diucapkan selama kami menyusun laporan tugas akhir ini.
Hormat,
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ············································································· i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR ············································· ii
LAMPIRAN KEPUTUSAN REKTOR ····················································· iv
KARTU ASISTENSI ············································································· v
KATA PENGANTAR ··········································································· viii
DAFTAR ISI ······················································································· ix
DAFTAR TABEL ··········································································· xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ········································································ xiii
DAFTAR NOTASI ··············································································· xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ·································································· 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ······························································· 1
1.2 Lokasi Proyek ································································· 2
1.3 Data Proyek ··································································· 3
1.4 Tujuan Penulisan ····························································· 3
1.5 Pembatasan Masalah ························································ 4
1.6 Sistematika Penyusunan ···················································· 5
BAB II PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR ················································ 7
2.1 Uraian Umum ································································· 7
2.2 Modifikasi Perencanaan Gedung ········································· 8
2.3 Landasan Teori ······························································· 8
2.3.1 Pembebanan ····························································· 9
2.3.2 Pembebanan Gempa Menggunakan Analisa Statistik Elivalen ·· 9
2.3.3 Perhitungan Plat Lantai ················································ 10
2.3.4 Perhitungan Tangga ···················································· 11
2.3.5 Perhitungan Balok ······················································ 11
2.3.6 Perhitungan Kolom ····················································· 13
2.3.7 Perhitungan Pondasi Tiang Pancang ································· 15
2.3.8 Perhitungan Pile Cap ··················································· 17
2.3.9 Perhitungan Tie Beam ·················································· 17
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2.3.10 Shear Wall ······························································ 17
2.4 Asumsi-asumsi ································································ 18
BAB III METODE PERENCANAAN ·················································· 20
3.1 Tinjauan Umum ······························································ 20
3.2 Pelaksanaan Pembangunan ················································ 21
3.3 Flow Chart tugas akhir ······················································ 22
3.4 Time Schedule Perencanaan Proyek Pembangunan Office Centre
AnFen ··········································································· 23
BAB IV PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR ··············································· 24
4.1 Perhitungan Plat Lantai ···················································· 24
4.1.1 Perencanaan Pembebanan Plat lantai ······························· 24
4.1.2 Penentuan Tebal Plat Lantai ·········································· 24
4.1.3 Perhitungan Plat lantai Ground Floor ······························ 25
4.1.4 Perhitungan Plat Lantai 1-5 ··········································· 32
4.2 Perhitungan Tangga ························································· 39
4.2.1 Pembebanan Tangga ··················································· 40
4.2.2 Penulangan Tangga ···················································· 41
4.3 Perhitungan Gaya Gempa ·················································· 44
4.3.1 Perhitungan Gaya Geser Dasar Horisontal Total ·················· 44
4.3.2 Perhitngan Pembebanan Gempa ····································· 47
4.4 Perhitungan Penulangan Balok ··········································· 55
4.4.1 Penulangan Lentur Balok ············································· 55
4.4.2 Penulangan Lentur Balok ············································· 65
4.5 Perhitungan Penulangan Kolom ·········································· 76
4.5.1 Desain Penampang Kolom ··········································· 76
4.5.2 Desain Tulangan Lentur Kolom ····································· 77
4.5.3 Desain Penulangan Geser Kolom ···································· 79
4.5.4 Cek Keruntuhan Kolom ··············································· 80
4.6 Perhitungan Dinding Geser (Shear Wall) ······························· 81
4.7 Perhitungan Pile Cap ··········································································· 83
4.7.1 Perhitungan Pile Cap ·················································· 83
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4.7.2 Perhitungan Tulangan Pile Cap ······································ 91
4.8 Perhitungan Tie Beam ······················································· 93
4.9 Perencanaan Tiang Pancang··············································· 98
4.10 Perencanaan Dak Atap ···················································· 101
BAB V RENCANA KERJA DAN SYARAT-SYARAT (RKS) ··················· 108
5.1 Syarat-Syarat Teknis Pekerjaan Struktur ······························ 108
5.2 Pekerjaan Persiapan ························································· 109
5.3 Pekerjaan Tanah ····························································· 111
5.4 Pekerjaan Pondasi Tiang Pancang ······································· 114
5.5 Pekerjaan Beton Bertulang Cor Ditempat ······························ 117
BAB VI RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA (RAB) ·································· 122
6.1 Analisis Biaya Konstruksi ················································· 122
6.2 Kurva S ········································································ 144
BAB VI I KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ··············································· 145
7.1 Kesimpulan ··································································· 145
7.2 Saran ··········································································· 146
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ······································································· 147
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Elevasi dan Luas Gedung ........................................................................... 3
Tabel 1.2 Koefisien Gempa yang Membatasi Waktu Getar Alami Fundamental...... 4
Tabel 1.3 Koefisien untuk Batas Atas Pada Periode yang Dihitung .......................... 4
Tabel 3.1 Jadwal Penyusunan Tugas Akhir (schedule) ............................................. 22
Tabel 4.1 Penentuan Nilai Cx Plat Ground Floor ...................................................... 27
Tabel 4.2 Penentuan Nilai Cy Plat Ground Floor ...................................................... 28
Tabel 4.3 Penentuan Nilai Cx Plat Lantai 1-5 ............................................................ 34
Tabel 4.4 Penentuan Nilai Cy Plat Lantai 1-5 ............................................................ 35
Tabel 4.5 Menentukan Tulangan Pokok .................................................................... 44
Tabel 4.6 Menentukan Tulangan Melintang .............................................................. 45
Tabel 4.7 Ukuran Tie Beam, Balok dan Kolom ......................................................... 45
Tabel 4.8 Berat Total Struktur ................................................................................... 47
Tabel 4.9 Faktor Keruntuhan Gempa ......................................................................... 47
Tabel 4.10 Koefisien Situs, Fa .................................................................................... 49
Tabel 4.11 Koefisien Situs, Fv ........................................................................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.12 Kategori Desain Gempa Berdasarkan Parameter Percepatan Respon
Period Pendek ............................................................................................................ 51
Tabel 4.13 Kategori Desain Gempa Berdasarkan Parameter Percepatan Respon
Period 1 detik ............................................................................................................. 51
Tabel 4.14 Faktor R, Cd, dan Ω0 Untuk Sistem Penahan Gempa ............................................ 52
Tabel 4.15 Distribusi Gaya Geser Horisontal Total Akibat Gempa .......................... 54
Tabel 4.16 Gaya Geser Horizontal Gempa X dan Y .................................................. 55
Tabel 4.17 Waktu Getar Struktur Dalam Arah x ....................................................... 56
Tabel 4.18 Waktu Getar Struktur Dalam Arah y ....................................................... 56
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Tabel 4.19 Penentuan Nilai Cx Perhitungan Plat Lantai 1-5 ...................................... 104
Tabel 4.20 Penentuan Nilai Cy Perhitungan Plat Lantai 1-5 ...................................... 104
Tabel 6.1 Perhitungan Volume .................................................................................. 123
Tabel 6.2 Rekapitulasi Harga ..................................................................................... 140
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Lokasi Proyek Pembangunan Office Centre AnFen Pringgading ......... 2
Gambar 1.2 Gempa Maksimum yang Dipertimbangkan Resiko-Tertarget ............... 4
Gambar 2.1 Perhitungan Data Dukung Ujung ........................................................... 15
Gambar 3.1 Flowchart Tugas Akhir .......................................................................... 21
Gambar 4.1 Plat Lantai Ground Floor ....................................................................... 26
Gambar 4.2 Penulangan Plat Lantai 1-5 .................................................................... 32
Gambar 4.3 Denah Tangga Lantai Dasar ................................................................... 39
Gambar 4.4 Pembebanan Tangga .............................................................................. 39
Gambar 4.5 Hasil SAP Momen Tangga Basement .................................................... 41
Gambar 4.6 Peta Spektral Percepatan 0,2 detik ......................................................... 47
Gambar 4.7 Peta Spektral Percepatan 1 detik ............................................................ 48
Gambar 4.8 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Lentur Balok Bagian Tumpuan ............. 56
Gambar 4.9 Detail Penulangan Lentur Balok Tipe 1 Bagian Tumpuan .................... 58
Gambar 4.10 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Lentur Balok Bagian Lapangan ........... 58
Gambar 4.11 Detail Penulangan Lentur Balok Tipe 1 Bagian Lapangan .................. 60
Gambar 4.12 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Geser Maksimum Balok Tipe 1 ........... 60
Gambar 4.13 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Torsi Balok Tipe 1 ............................... 62
Gambar 4.14 Detail Penulangan Torsi Balok Tipe 1 ................................................. 65
Gambar 4.15 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Lentur Balok Bagian Tumpuan ........... 65
Gambar 4.16 Detail Penulangan Lentur Balok Tipe 2 Bagian Tumpuan .................. 67
Gambar 4.17 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Lentur Balok Bagian Lapangan ........... 68
Gambar 4.18 Detail Penulangan Lentur Balok Tipe 2 Bagian Lapangan .................. 70
Gambar 4.19 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Geser Maksimum Balok Tipe 2 ........... 70
Gambar 4.20 Momen dari SAP Penulangan Torsi Balok Tipe 2 ............................... 72
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Gambar 4.21 Detail Penulangan Torsi Balok Tipe 2 ................................................. 75
Gambar 4.22 Nilai Pu dari SAP .................................................................................. 76
Gambar 4.23 Momen dari SAP untuk Penampang Kolom ........................................ 76
Gambar 4.24 Detail Penulangan Lentur Kolom ........................................................ 78
Gambar 4.25 Detail Penulangan Geser Maksimum Kolom dari SAP ....................... 78
Gambar 4.26 Pembebanan Shear Wall ...................................................................... 81
Gambar 4.27 Detail Shear Wall ................................................................................. 82
Gambar 4.28 Dimensi Pile Cap 1 .............................................................................. 83
Gambar 4.29 Dimensi Pile Cap 2 .............................................................................. 87
Gambar 4.30 Detail Penulangan Lentur Tie Beam Bagian Tumpuan ....................... 95
Gambar 4.31 Detail Penulangan Lentur Tie Beam Bagian Lapangan ...................... 97
Gambar 4.32 Denah Tiang Pancang Diameter 60 cm ................................................ 100
Gambar 4.33 Plat Dak Atap ....................................................................................... 102
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DAFTAR NOTASI
Perhitungan Pondasi
qe' = Daya Dukung Ujung
σr = Tegangan Referensi = 2000 lb/ft2 = 100 kPa
N60 = Nilai SPT antara Dasar Pondasi dan Panjang Dua Kali Lebar
Penampang
qer' = Reduksi Daya Dukung Ujung
Br = Lebar Referensi = 1,0 ft = 0,3 m = 12 in = 300 mm
Bb = Diameter Dasar Pondasi, mm
fs = Daya Dukung Gesekan Selimut, (kN)
σv' = Tegangan Efektif Vertikal (t/m
2)
z = Kedalaman dari Permukaan Tanah sampai Tengah Lapisan, mm.
β = Beta
Ps = Daya Dukung Selimut (kN)
Pa' = Daya Dukung Ijin Pondasi (kN/m
2)
γw = Berat Jenis Air (kg/m3)
γ = Berat Jenis Tanah (t/m3)
Perhitungan Pilecap
B' = lebar penampang kritis, mm
lp = lebar pilecap, mm
lk = lebar kolom, mm
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q' = berat pilecap pada penampang kritis, kg/m
Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, kNm
As = luas tulangan, mm2
fc' = kuat tekan beton, MPa
fy = kuat leleh baja, MPa
d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke titik berat tulangan longitudinal, mm
a = tinggi blok tegangan persegi ekuivalen, mm
bk = panjang kolom, mm
ak = lebar kolom, mm
d = tinggi efektif pondasi, mm
bo = keliling kritis pondasi telapak, mm
∝s = konstanta perhitungan pondasi telapak
Perhitungan Tie Beam
As min = luas tulangan minimum, mm2
∆S = perbedaan penurunan antar pondasi, mm
I = momen inersia penampang, mm4
Ls = bentang tie beam, mm
E = modulus elastisitas beton, MPa
b = lebar balok, mm
d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke titik berat tulangan longitudinal, mm
φ = faktor reduksi kekuatan geser, 0,75.
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Vn = tegangan gesr nominal, N.
Vu = gaya geser terfaktor, N.
Vc = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh beton, N.
Vs = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh tulangan, N.
Nu = gaya tarik terfaktor, N.
Ag = luas penampang beton, mm2
.
Av = luas tulangan geser, mm2
.
s = jarak tulangan geser, mm.
fc' = kuat tekan beton, MPa.
fy = kuat leleh baja, MPa.
Perhitungan Kolom
Pu = beban aksial terfaktor, kip
Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, ft-kip
fc' = kuat tekan beton, psi
fy = kuat leleh baja, psi
As = luas tulangan kolom, in2
Ag = luas bruto penampang, in2
Av = luas tulangan geser, in2
Ast = luas total tulangan longitudinal, in2
Pn = kuat beban aksial nominal pada eksentrisitas yang diberikan, kip
h = tebal total komponen struktur, in
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ρ = rasio tulangan kolom.
b = lebar muka tekan komponen struktur, in
bw = lebar badan, in
d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke pusat tulangan tekan, in
Vc = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh beton, lb.
Nu = beban aksial terfaktor, kip
Vs = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh baja, lb
Perhitungan Balok
wu = beban aksial terfaktor, kip/ft.
Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, ft-kip
ρ = rasio tulangan balok non-prategamg.
ρmaks = rasio tulangan maksimum balok.
β = faktor coating.
ρb = rasio tulangan yang memberikan regangan seimbang.
ρmin = rasio minimum tulangan balok.
fc' = kuat tekan beton, psi.
fy = kuat leleh baja, psi.
l = panjang bentang, ft.
As1 = luas tulangan tarik, in2
.
As2 = luas tulangan tekan, in2
.
a = tinggi blok tegangan persegi ekuivalen, in.
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b = lebar muka tekan komponen struktur, in.
c = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke garis netral, in.
d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke pusat tulangan tarik, in.
∈s' = regangan pada tulangan tekan.
Mn = kuat momen nominal, ft-kip
Mn1 = nilai yang lebih kecil dari momen ujung terfaktor akibat beban yang
tidak menimbulkan goyangan ke samping, ft-kip
Mn2 = nilai yang lebih besar dari momen ujung terfaktor akibat beban yang
tidak menimbulkan goyangan ke samping, ft-kip
fs' = tegangan dalam tulangan pada kondisi beban bekerja, ksi.
Vc = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh beton, lb.
Vu = kuat geser terfaktor, lb.
Vs = kuat geser nominal yang disumbangkan oleh baja, lb.
s = jarak as ke as tulangan, in.
Av = luas tulangan geser, in2.
bw = lebar badan balok, in.
Perhitungan Pelat Lantai
ly = panjang pelat lantai arah-y, mm.
lx = panjang pelat lantai arah-x, mm.
d = tebal efektif pelat lantai, mm.
l = bentamg pelat lantai, mm.
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hmin = tebal minimum pelat lantai, mm
wu = beban aksial terfaktor, kg/m.
wD = beban mati, kg/m.
wL = beban hidup, kg/m.
∅D = diameter tulangan pelat lantai, mm.
Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, kg-m.
b = lebar pelat (dianalisis tiap jarak 1 m), m.
ρ = rasio tulangan pelat lantai.
ρmin = rasio minimum tulangan pelat lantai.
ρmax = rasio maksimum tulangan pelat lantai.
AS min = luas tulangan minimum pelat lantai, mm2
.
Perhitungan Shear Wall
Vu = kuat geser terfaktor, kip
Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, in-kip
Vn = beban aksial noimnal, kip
Vc = kuat geser yang disumbangkan oleh beton, kip
Vs = kuat geser yang disumbangkan oleh baja, kip
h = tebal total komponen struktur, in.
d = jarak dari serat tekan terluar ke pusat tulangan tekan, in.
hw = tinggi vertikal dinding, ft.
lw = panjang horizontal dinding, ft.
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Nu = beban aksial terfaktor, kip
Ag = luas bruto penampang, in2
.
bw = lebar badan, in.
fy = kuat leleh yang disyaratkan untuk tulangan, psi.
s1 = spasi tulangan vertikal dalam dinding, in.
s2 =spasi tulangan horizontal dalam dinding, in.
Perhitungan Tangga
DLAT = beban mati anak tangga, kg/m
LLAT = beban hidup anak tangga, kg/m
DLB = beban mati bordes, kg/m
LLB = beban hidup bordes, kg/m
b = lebar anak tangga, mm
h = tebal plat, mm
d' = selimut beton, mm
Perhitungan Dak Atap
ly = panjang pelat lantai arah-y, mm.
lx = panjang pelat lantai arah-x, mm.
d = tebal efektif pelat lantai, mm.
l = bentamg pelat lantai, mm.
hmin = tebal minimum pelat lantai, mm
wu = beban aksial terfaktor, kg/m.
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wD = beban mati, kg/m.
wL = beban hidup, kg/m.
∅D = diameter tulangan pelat lantai, mm.
Mu = momen terfaktor pada penampang, kg-m.
b = lebar pelat (dianalisis tiap jarak 1 m), m.
ρ = rasio tulangan pelat lantai.
ρmin = rasio minimum tulangan pelat lantai.
ρmax = rasio maksimum tulangan pelat lantai.
AS min = luas tulangan minimum pelat lantai, mm2
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Perhitungan Gaya Gempa
wt = berat total, kg.
wD = berat mati, kg.
wL = berat hidup, kg
T = waktu getar alami, detik.
WI = Berat lantai ke - i, kg.
Fi.xy = gaya gempa lantai ke- i, kg.
di.xy = deformasi lateral total akibat Fi pada lantai ke - i, m.
G = percepatan gravitasi, m/det2.