Of the Kerala State Transport Project · 2016. 7. 17. · Kerala State Transport Project Prepared...

E499Volume 6

ENVIRONMENTAL &SOCIAL MANAGEMENT

PLANFOR ROAD MAINTENANCE

Of the

Kerala State Transport Project

Prepared on behalf ofGovernment of Kerala

Public Works DepartmentThiruvananthapuram

Kerala Louis Berger International, Inc.in association with:Sheladia Associates, Inc.Consulting Engineering Services (I) Ltd.Intercontinental Consultants & Technocrats Pvt. Ltd.

OCTOBER 2001

FILE COPY

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Pub

lic D

iscl

osur

e A

utho

rized

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Managen rnt Plan -October 2001

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT PLANFOR MAINTENANCE ROADS

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background1.2 Maintenance Practices In Kerala1.3 Maintenance components of the road policy of Government of KeralaI 1.4 KSTP Road Maintenance Studies1.5 Maintenance Programme1.6 Project cost for Year 1 Maitenance

2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUE

2.1 General2.2 Environemntal Analysis2.3 Physical Environment2.4 Biological Environment2.5 Social Analysis

1 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTION PLAN3.1 General3.2 Institutional Mechanism3.3 Environmental And Social Impact Mitigation Costs3.4 Environmental and Social Management Action Plan (ESMAP) for

Maintenance Activities

l

lI_

I ~~~~LBII/Stteladia/CES/ICT

l

3 CKerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

I 1 INTRODUCTION1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

| The Government of Kerala (GOK) is implementing the Kerala State Transport Project(KSTP) with financial assistance from the World Bank. The Kerala State Transport Projectidentified approximately 1000 km as high priority roads selected from a feasibility study of

* 3000 km of the State roads. The high priority roads were further reduced to 612 km. The restof the roads, i.e. those not covered under the high priority roads, are being considered formaintenance. Further studies using Highway Design Model (HDM) analysis have been doneto prioritise approximately 1000 km of roads to be undertaken for maintenance in threephases of duration of one year each.

* The project comprises three main components. These three main components are shown inExhibit 1. 1.

X EXHIBIT 1.1TtHE THREE MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE KERALA STATE TRANSPORT PROJECT

SL. THE THREE MAIN TOTALNO. COMPONENTS OF THE KSTP LENGTH REMARKS

257.7 kmI Highways - Widening and (Phase I) Throughout Kerala

Improvement - in two Phases 324 km(Phase 11)

339.1

I (Year I)2 Highways - Maintenance Component 364.8 Throughout Kerala

- in three years (Year 91)306.9

(Year III)Location in the Kuttanad area; along

| 3 Waterways Component - Pilot 75.5 km three canals having a total length ofI 3 Waterways Component - Pilot 75.5 km 93 km; 75.5 km taken forconstruction.

This ESMP deals with the Highways Maintenance Component only. The environmental andsocial assessment of the maintenance roads were covered in the Sectoral EnvironmentalI Assessment. This assessment was done to identify generic and specific environmental andsocial mitigation measures that will be required during design, implementation and operationof the maintenance roads. This ESMP includes these mitigation measures.

1.2 MAINTENANCE PRACTICES IN KERALA

* The Kerala PWD carries out four types of maintenance activities: These are

1. Ordinary maintenance: repairs such as drainage clearance, patching, road markings androad furniture works are usually referred to in this maintenance category. The actual amountof work carried out depends on the amount of funds allocated and is usually very small.

1 2. Periodic maintenance; (Periodic renewal) an overlay of 40mm Pre Mix Carpet (PMC) forState Highways and 20mm of PMC for Major District Roads (MDR) is laid on the existing

LBliUSheladiaCESAICT 1.i

Kerala State Transort Proiect Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

surface, after pothole patching with single sized crushed rock as required. Unlike other States,Kerala PWD policy is to target "overlays" at 4 to 5 year intervals.Routine maintenance activities such as- The regular inspection of road,

| - Clearing of ditch and shoulders,- Cutting back vegetation, etc is not executed on a regular basis.Kerala was a forerunner in the move to contract maintenance but at the time there was noI recognized system of contracting routine maintenance put into practice. Instead a system,which could be better, described as annual maintenance was instituted whereby the engineerundertakes an annual inspection of the roads and draws up a list of minor works that are thenI put out to contract. Not surprisingly, this system has to be supplemented by emergencymaintenance- much of which would be avoided if drains where kept clear and pavementswere repaired when signs of distress first appear.

Shortage of funds, force Kerala PWD to adopt a frequency of periodic maintenance wellbelow the target norms. What work is done, is done using a technology, which althoughcheap, is unsuitable for this wet climate. The surfacing used is porous and of poor durability.This fault is exacerbated by the lack of routine maintenance such as drain clearance. As aresult there is a significant and growing backlog of work.

Special maintenance: Maintenance taken on a case-to-case basis depending on the nature of| complaint / situation.

Flood damage repairs: Maintenance undertaken immediately after the flood damage asreported by the local engineer. Generally done after the monsoon season.

1.3 MAINTENANCE COMPONENTS OF THE ROAD POLICY OF GOVERNMENT OFKERALA

The Government of Kerala Maintenance policy of the State is part of the Road policy. There3 is no separate maintenance policy.

On maintenance, the policy includes for overlays at 4 to 5 year intervals. The Kerala policy ofoverlaying at every 4th year is the result of material used - pre-mixed carpet, and the highand intense rainfall in the State. In recent years, however, the required number of resurfacingshas not been done to the lack of resources and hence the time period between treatments isoften 10 years or more. A high priority of Maintenance work is generally executed under thecategories of special repairs and flood damages due to the climatic and topographicalcharacteristics.

Almost all of the State Highways and lower category roads that are bitumen treated havebeen maintained using semi mechanical technology. This usually means a 70 mm to 150mm3 layer of W.B.M surface with Pre-mix Carpet (PMC) and a seal coat. The only mechanizationis a low tyre mixer, a roller, and also some trucks. This greatly reduces the capital investmentnecessary for the Contractor.

1.4 KSTP ROAD MAINTENANCE STUDIES

In order to identify the roads to be taken for maintenance, studies were initiated. TheObjective and scope of the maintenance studies were

lLEiIIShetadialCES;tCT 1.2

l

Kerala State Transport Project Emironmental and Social Manapement Plan -October 2001

* To identify priorities for pavement maintenance and prepare multi-Year rollingprogramme for the same.

* To review the present system of road maintenance management and develop guidelines for an appropriate new model or a logical modification of the existing roadI maintenance and management system. Recommendations on procedures for datacollection should include means of ensuring that the procedures are user friendlyand sustainable by the PWD.

The principal outputs of the maintenance studies are thus:

* A multi year rolling programme for maintenance of high priority corridors,totalling to a length of 1000 km under World Bank loan assistance.

* Recommendations on policy development and actions in the short term to address3 the pressing maintenance crisis; and

* Recommendations for a long-term strategy for the management of the road asset.

* The three alternatives were considered in the maintenance studies:

Alternatives Treatment Proposed For Maintenance

Alternate -I Double coat Bituminous Surface Dressing (DBSD) reseal with 100mmWet Mix Macadam (WMM) shape corrective layer

Alternate-2 25mm Bituminous Concrete (BC) overlay with shape correction.Alternate-3 DBSD reseal with Pre Mix Coat (PMC) shape correction layer.

The Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) document is based on the study ofI the following reports.a. Maintenance Planning- Volume -I Main report - January 2001b. Maintenance Planning - Volume II, Corridor Inspection Report - January - 2001I c. The chapter on maintenance in the Sectoral Environmental Assessment (SEA)d. First Year Maintenance Programme - Main Report- September 2001e. First Year maintenance Programme - Design report -September 2001

IJ These studies revealed the necessity for implementing minimum environmental and socialimpact mitigation measures. To achieve this, a budget of 1% of the cost of the maintenance

| project has been allocated for implementing these mitigation measures.

1.5 MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Maintenance activities have been included in the following table and have been elaborated| later in the section.

* Road Inspection * Pothole fillingI * Vegetation Control * Patching* Cleaning of drains * Shoulder repairs

* Bridge, culvert and retaining wall repair * ResealingI * Crack sealing * Overlaying and provision of shoulders and

* Edge repairs * Pavement markings* Road safety measures

LBII.'Sheladia1CES/ICT -3

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

The selected roads for Maintenance work for the three successive year programmes are| shown in Exhibit 1.2 A and B in the Exhibit 1.3 to 1.5.

The width of the existing carriage way is not uniformly two lanes for all the corridors. ThisI ranges from single to intennediate and to double lane that too with varying width in eachcorridor. The width of the first year maintenance roads varies from 4.56m to 7.00m. Thewidth of the Second year maintenance roads varies from 3.50m to 7.00m. The width of theI third year maintenance roads varies from 4.15 m to 6.48m. The width are shown in Exhibit1.3, 1.4 and 1.5. Although the width varies, there will be no widening / improvement done asa part of the maintenance programme.

Physical characteristics of the roads selected under maintenance programme are:

* Sharp reverse curves* Continuous ribbon development on both side of the roadway;* The carriageway width of the road varies between 5 m to 13 m.I * Rolling terrain, hilly terrain with several vertical and horizontal curves.* Inadequate drainage* Inadequate pavement strength- Poorly managed non bituminous portion of the available corridor- Frequent road safety issues and accidents

EXHIBIT 1.3FIRST YEAR PROGRAMME OF MAINTENANCE T _affi

Selected Paveme C ProposedSi Link Name Length Chainage ntwidth Commercial type ofNo No. (Km) TmunVehicles the o-

__________ From To only

I Kottarakkara Taikkod 19.30 5.70 25.00 7.30 2015 Alt-3

* ~~~~~~~Thiruvananthapuram -2 80 Ponrnudi (Peroorkada to 12.00 000 12.00 4.85 1114 Alt-2

Nedumangad)3 29 Thodupuzha - Kalur - 20.00 0.00 20.00 4.90 186 Alt-2

29 Onnukal1 4 34 Aluva - Kothamangalam 17.00 0.00 17.00 5.55 1797 Alt-2

5 39 Thrissur - Kodungallur 33.90 0.00 33.90 6.44 1584 Alt-3

6 42 Ponta - Moonupedika 20.90 0-00 20.90 5.00 1668 Alt-3

w ~~~~~7 44 Cheni - Tripayar 14.20. Q .00 14.20 5.50 11,61 Alt-2-

8 58 Kozhikode - Mavoor 10.50 0.00 10.50 6.26 6210 Alt-3

7 44 6 jSultan Bathery- Pulpally 35.00 0.00 35.00 5.20 475 Alt-3

10 121 Taliparamba - Iritty 46.00 0.00 46.00 5.49 1829 Alt-2

* 60 Narukkara - State Border 40.00 0.00 52.70 6.63 3621 Alt-3

12 59 Quilandy - Thamnarassery 29.30 0.00 29.30 6.53 2346 Alt-2

13 129 Cherkala - Jelsoor 41.00 0.00 41.00 5.55 680 Alt-3

Total 339.1

.

LBIIPSheIadiarCES/]CT - 14

Kerala State Transport Project ESMP For Maintenance - October - 2001

N

MATCH LINE FOR EXHIBIT 1.2 B

NA1O4L HIHA

smt) ~~~~~~K

EXLBT:. A SOTH SCTIO

PEORECTEED ROAS FORADS

LBII/Sheladia/ RS/T YA ANEAC

THIRD\ YEAR MANEAC

NAT~~~IONAL HIGHPATAY/

EXIT-12A SOT SETO

PROME ROAD FO ODMAEACLBHIShladialESIIC


N

Oa" 5 10 is M2.hw

-A NAlIONAL HIGHWAY

B ~~~~~~ d

LEGEN,X72 B

SEETE ROAS FOR

PRCONYERMINTSEDNOASFONOACAITNAC

SELECTED ROADS FOR

THRD YEAR MAINTE\NANCE'

KEAASTE BOUDAR

LE~ ~ ~~~~~MT END.- FO =OI 1 1 A

-NA71ONAL HIGHWAY

EXHIBll:-1.2 B NORTH SECTIONPRIORMTSED ROADS FOR ROAD MIAINTENANCE

LBlI/Sheladia/CESIICT


EXHIBIT 1.43 -~ SECOND YEAR PROGRAMME OF MAINTENANCE OF KERALA

Selected PavemeSI. Link Name Length Chainage nt Traffic Type ofNo No [kme Width Vehicles TreatmentI ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~From To In m1 215 Karuarakundu Kizhakkethara 5.00 0.00 5.00 3.50 2794 Alt - 3

2 010 Kollarn - Ayur 31.00 0.00 31.00 5.20 1731 Alt - 2

* 3 027 Vandarnedu - Cumbumbettu 11.00 0.00 11.00 4.0 1503 Alt - 2

4 234 Kallambalam- Varkala 11.00 0.00 11.00 6.17 2683 Alt - 2

5 009 Vizhinjam -Kattakkada 18.70 0.00 18.70 5.50 1990 Alt - 2

6 63 Kuttiyadi-Kellur 21.0 0 21.0 4.5 1368 Alt - 2

7 108 Kayamkulam- Pathanapuram 26.40 0.00 26.40 6.65 2204 Alt - 2

8 055 Perumbilavu- Nilambur 65.30 0.00 65.30 5.50 1582 Alt - 2

9 036 Vypin- Pallippuram 25.50 0.00 25.50 7.0 3509 Alt - 3

10 236 Chenganasserry -Vazhoor 24.50 0.00 24.50 6.10 2278 Alt - 3

I 1 037 Ponjassery - Chithrappuzha 18.80 0.00 18.80 5.50 2113 Alt- 3

12 132 Thodupuzha - Mulamattom 39.00 39.00 0 00 6.12 1339 Alt - 3Paramada

13 205 Kulathupuzha - Anchal - 30.00 0.00 30.00 5.76 1050 Alt-3Punalur

14 17 Ettumanoor - Erattupetta 28.90 0.00 28.90 6.75 1727 Alt-3

15 123 Kozhikode Mini By-pass 8.70 0.00 8.70 10.87 3528 Alt-3

Total 364.8

EXHIBIT 1.5THIRD YEAR PROGRAMME OF MAINTENANCE OF KERALA

Selecte PvmnSI Link Road Name d Chainage width Traffic Type of

No No Length lm) Vehicles Treatment___ __ = (Km) From To

I 125 Kunnamangalam - 13.00 0.00 13.00 5.51 2070 Alt - 3Agasthiamuzhi

-2 066 Iritty - Nedumpoil 20.20 0.00 20.20 5.5 1651 Alt - 2

3 235 Nedumbassery - 42.80 0.00 42.80 4.43 618 Alt - 225 _ Kodaikanal

061 Kozhikode - Balussery 20.40 4.20 24.60 5.79 1906 Alt - 3

5 062 Vythiri -Tharuvana 30.10 0.00 30.10 4.15 947 Alt - 3

6 109 Kayamkulam-Thiruvalla 30.6 0 30.6 6.48 2979 Alt-2

| 7 14 Mavelikkara- 28.8 0 28.8 5.7 1865 Alt-2

8 107 Kidangara- 7.0 0 7 3.80 1469 Alt-3*_____ Neerettipuram

Thiruvananthapuram -9 080 Ponmudi 40.00 12.00 52.00 4.85 1902 Alt - 2

*_ (till Vithura Jn.)

_10 28 Poopara - Kumily 74.00 0.00 74.00 4.56 394 Alt - 2

Total 306.9

Existing culverts / cross-drainage structures and bridges are structurally in sound condition.These are structurally sound and there is no imminent danger of collapse. In some of the pipeI culverts, the flow of water is being obstructed because either the structure is totally buried inground or the pipes are choked. The choked culverts will be cleared to allow proper passage

LLBII 8SheladiaiCESICT 1.5

I


of water. However, minor repairs to the masonry, plaster pointing and reinforced concrete is| required in a few culverts. There will be no new bridges or culverts built under the

maintenance programme.

| Preparatory works on the pavement of these roads will be carried out prior to laying of theprofile corrective course and will generally comprises of the treatment listed below;

| * Areas of Pavement exceeding one sq.m and settled more than 75 mm in depth will betreated by full depth repair treatment. This treatment consists of dismantling of existingpavement, compaction of the sub-grade, providing adequate thickness of sub base andU base course as per IRC-37-1984 etc.

* Depressions less than 75 mm in depth and one sq. m area will be treated by fillingbituminous macadam materials.

* Filling Pot-holes (Deep and Shallow)* Fog sealing of narrow cracks (Less than 3mm in width)* Slurry sealing of wide cracks (More than 3mm but less tan 12mm in width)* Dismantling the cracked surface having cracks wider than 12 mm or loose pavement

fragments or cakes and refilling in the same fashion as filling of pothole.

The above operations will be carried out as described in MOST Specifications.

Non pavement works - general: The non-pavement portion of the maintenance work isimportant as it is expected to bring down the number of accidents and improves road safety.With the improved riding quality of the road the speed will tempt to be higher than expected.I Non-pavement work allow sufficient parking space for Auto rikshaws, Taxis Tempos andTrucks besides the bus lay- byes.

Non pavement works - shoulders: Besides, providing lateral supports to the pavement, theshoulders are used for passing and overtaking manoeuvres or parking of disabled vehiclesand some times serve as a track for slow moving vehicles. In order to perform these functionsI satisfactorily, the surface hard enough to resist the abrasive and disruptive action of vehicles.The quantity of additional fill materials on the shoulders has been determined from theexisting drop off and the thickness of overlay. CautionaryJWaming signboards to restrict theI speed will be provided on such stretches, where the widening of narrow or deficient shoulderis not feasible due to non-availability of land etc. On all corridors a few utilities such astelephone and electric lines would require to be shifted to clear off 1.5m shoulders fromI obstructions as road safety measures. The PIU indicated that (Personnel communication)even at critical locations the project will allow protection of trees by landscaping etc andallow other safety measures like provision for pedestrians, protection walls for trees,depending on the availability of land and the characteristic (Urban, Rural etc) of the specificlocation.

Non pavement works - Side drains: The objective of roadside drainage is to drain the surfacewater from the road and prevent as well as allow draining of water from the road crust. Infact, this refers to the total draining of water from the available corridor to the extent possible

* by providing proper drainage facilities. Ideally, the invert of the side drain should be as perIndian Roan Congress (IRC) standard but it is recognized that in many flat areas of Kerala

| such invert level are not able to provide a drainage path.

L8II!She[adia/CES/1CT 1-6

l

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October2001

Side drains will be constructed within the Right-of-Way. The types of drain proposed in theproject are as under:

(i) Rectangular covered pucca drain - for commercial areas in urban limits.(ii) Trapezoidal section with brick lining - in habitation area where no commercialU activities are involved.(iii) Earthen trapezoidal section -in rural areas.

The design of drain section has been done as per recommendation of Indian Road CongressSpecial Publication Number 42 (IRC SP-42).

Most of the existing drains have either been choked or blocked particularly in urban areas andI hill sections. Provision for clearing off such choked and blocked drains has been envisagedunder this programme.3 Road Safety Measures: The road safety measures such as marking centreline on two-laneroad with Thermoplastic paint; lining at junctions; painting speed breakers, and lopping ofoverhanging tree branches have been included in this programme. Replenishment of the

| missing stones for Kilometer and Hectometer and road furniture such as signboards cautionboards and direction boards have also been included in this programme. Repainting/refurbishment of existing Kilometre stones and road signboards has also been included in this

M programme. The trees causing serious road safety problems will be removed. These treeshave been accounted for compensatory tree planting as per the KSTP Tree Planting Strategy.

3 Under the Year 1 maintenance programme, there is a proposal to experiment the use ofmodified bitumen on a trial basis for about 15 km. The modified bitumen will be preparedusing natural rubber additives. This is expected to enhance the performance of the road. Ifthe performnance of this experimental stretch is successful, the modified bitumen may be usedextensively in Year 2 and 3 maintenance programmes. The Government of Kerala is alsokeen to make use of natural rubber in bitumen for road works in order to support the domesticI rubber industry. Though the bitumen blended with natural rubber product is costliercompared to ordinary straight run bitumen, the durability of the pavement definitely increasesconsiderably. Cochin refinery is presently in a position to manufacture modified bitumen

X blended with latex. Cochin refinery has made some trials with modified bitumen in TamilNadu State and the results as reported by refineries are encouraging.

| 1.6 PROJECT COST FOR YEAR 1 MAINTENANCE

The project cost for Year 1 Maintenance programme is included in Exhibit 1.6. This also| includes the environmental and social cost allocation.

While the detailed project costs for the Year 1 Maintenance have been developed, the costs3 for the Year 2 and Year 3 Maintenance programme will be developed in due course. This willbe done in a similar manner and this ESMP will be valid across the second and third yearMaintenance programme as well.

LB11/Shc1adiatCES ICT 1.7

l


3 EXHIBIT 1.6PROPOSED COST ESTIMATES OF CORRIDORS FOR YEAR ONE

MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Cost for Provision 1% of Total ProjectCivil al Cost Civil Cost of Cost

Selected Work in towards works Civil, includingLink Name Length million Vehicle in towards Environ contingenNo Km million Environ mental cies 7.5%

Rs. ment & andSocial SocialCosts Works

A B C D E F=(D+E) G=(D+Etl;F) Hl1.075*G

Trivandrum Kottarakkara 19.30 73.878 0.18 0.74 74.797 80.407I ~ ~~~~~(TaikDd)80 Trivandrum-Ponmudi 12.00 30.292 0.18 0.30 30.775 33.083

i ~~~~~~~(Peroorkada toI 29 Thodupuzha - Kalur - 20.00 36.185 0.18 0.36 36.727 39.481Oonnukal

34 Alwaye-Kothamangalam 17.00 47.061 0.18 0.47 47.712 51.290

39 Thrissur-Kodungalloor 33.90 81.928 0.18 0.82 82.927 89.147

42 Potta-Moonupeedika 20.90 52.368 0.18 0.52 53.072 57.052

44 Cherpu-Thriprayar 14.20 30.389 0.18 0.30 30.873 33.188

64 Sultan 8athery-Pulpally 35.00 46.931 0.18 0.47 47.580 51.149

60 Narukara-State Border 40.00 74.652 0.18 0.75 75.579 81.247

58 Kozhikode-Mavoor 10.50 170.270 0.225 1.70 172.198 185.113

59 Quilandy-Thamarassery 29.30 118.689 0.225 1.19 120.101 129.108

121 Thaliparamba-lritty 46.00 77.638 0.18 0.78 78.594 84.489

129 Cherkalalelsoor 41.00 95.613 0.18 0.96 96.749 104.005

Total 339.1 935.894 2.43 9.36 947.684 1018.759

B

I

I ~ BISeai:EsC .I

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Managemnent Plan -October 2001

1 2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

2.1 GENERAL

The maintenance activities are a routine activity of any Highway Authority. These activitiesare in general small scale, compared to a new road construction or even compared to the road3 widening and improvement works. This chapter is not intended to be an EIA but prepared asa document to address the specific issues related to the maintenance programme of KeralaState Transport Project (KSTP). In the context of road maintenance, adequate environmentalsafe guards coupled with good engineering practices assume very importance. The followingare the main issues, which are addressed in the section.

The following issues have been considered

Eco-sensitive zones Tree removal issuesDrainage Air pollutionI Noise quality Water qualityMaterial resources FloodingSquatters and Encroachers (If identified)I Road safety and accidents

* The baseline environmental aspects of the maintenance roads have been analysed as providedin the SEA report This baseline document provides a quick reference to the environmentalaspects of the 38 individual links of first (13 Links) second (15 Links) and third (10 Links)

| year maintenance.

The analysis was based on the Survey of India (SOI) Maps, Sectoral EnvironmentalAssessment (SEA) and all the available maintenance study reports.

The links have been categorised into two parts based on the importance of theirI environmental and social aspects:Those Links which passes through ecologically sensitive areas such as Reserved Forest (RF)Sanctuaries, Biosphere reserves, Tiger reserves, Coastal zones etc.

Other links

The 18 links of first, second and third year maintenance, which are very close to, theecologically sensitive areas are provided in this report. The complete list of maintenanceprogramme is provided in the Exhibit 1.3 to 1.5 and Exhibit 1.2 (Map) in Chapter 1.

1 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

The following sections therefore are organised on broad aspects in the following order:

* Physical environment* Biological environment

* * Social environment

lLBtt/StietadiaiCES']CT 2.1

l


2.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

I 2.3.1 Air quality Issues

3 Dust Nuisance during Construction. Dust nuisance during the construction work is the partand parcel of any road construction activity. However the 120 -130 rainy days spread overmost of the months in any given year will reduce the level of dust nuisance in the State.Compared to other States, the movement of construction equipment and machinery may leadto dust nuisance in the dry season. The movement of construction equipment and machinerymay lead to dust nuisance in the dry season.

Bitumen boilers: During the Construction stage, bitumen boilers often contribute to airquality degradation especially when the bitumen itself is used as a fuel (a practice during3 locally funded maintenance activities). Bitumen boilers generate harmnful fumes due tooverheating and spillage and poor spraying could be harmful to passers by. Training in theiruse is the best mitigating factor and their operation should be limited to experienced roadworkers. New bitumen work should also be 'dusted down' to prevent nuisance to the public.

During the operational phase, there is likely to be a reduction in the vehicular emissions dueto the improved traffic flow.

Mitigation The Contractor will undertake frequent watering of the road surface to reduce thepotential dust nuisance. Mitigation measures during the construction stage are given in theEnvironmental & Social Management Action Plan / ESMAP (Exhibit 3.1).

I The ESMAP (Exhibit 3.1) includes the Mitigation measures and the required Contractualclauses have also been incorporated.

2.3.2 Water Qualitv Issues

Pollution Of Water Sources; In many locations the watercourses are being used as tip areas.i The self-cleaning capacity of the rivers in Kerala is high due to the very high precipitation in

the State. The high precipitation frequently cleans the water in all the rivers, which permitsnatural flow. Apart from the rivers, there is the Vembanad Kayal which is stagnant for mostof the year due to the Thannermukkam bund and the Thottapally spill way.

Mitigation: The watercourses should not be used as tip areas and construction wastes| including wastes, Petrol, Oil and Lubricants (POL) must be disposed of at approved sites

(particularly the Vembanad Kayal).

3 2.3.3 Noise quality Issues

The noise level is high due to the poor quality of the road condition. The complete ignoringof traffic rules make it necessary to horn frequently to show one's presence on the road. Themaintenance consultants identified Kozhikode mini bypass as the worst in the Maintenanceprogramme. Due to low priority among the selected roads, this is included in the second yearI programme.

Mitigation: The necessary Contractual clauses have been incorporated in the ESMAP. Theoperational phase noise will be more favourable due to an improvement in the riding qualityof the road. Noise from road breakers/compressors can be harmful, operators should always

ILBI I/Sheladia/'CES/ICT

2.2


wear ear protectors and all equipments should be properly silenced with breakers fitted with

mufflers.

2.3.4 Drainage Issues

Both the longitudinal drains as well as the cross drains should be proper to accommodatemonsoons of flood years (Rainfall more than the average rainfall). Even in drought years(Rain fall less than the average) the lack of proper cleaning often creates serious drainageproblems leading to accidents, traffic jam etc. Ponding on the available corridor just outsidethe bituminous coating is mainly due to the activities of other departments like Telecom,Kerala Water Authority (KWA) on the road Right of Way. Within the tarred portion (Pavedblack top), ponding is due to the very poor quality of the road maintenance works.

The drainage facilities of the first year maintenance corridors range from medium to poor. Inalmost all corridors, stagnation of water (ponding) and erosion of earth has been reported.

Excessive plant growth and deposits of rubbish on the margins encroached over shoulders,drains and footpaths in many roads. The neglect of the drainage system leads to increasedoccurrence of workouts and serious erosion. Ponding on the surface is a hazard to pedestrianand causes great discomfort in frequent splashing from moving vehicles in addition to thesaturation of the road fabric and accelerated deterioration.

Mitigation A number of culverts / cross-drainage structures need cleaning. These locationsare already identified by the maintenance consultants. Being one of the highly rain fedregions of the country, importance of drainage need to be considered as high priority work.All construction activities should consider a well-drained corridor without causing anyponding of water on the road and shoulder surface. Cleaning of existing drains andconstruction of new drains along the right-of-way were also proposed.

2.3.5 Soil erosion and debris disposal issues

The project will ensure proper utilisation of material resources by the Contractor of thequarries and pits with the aim to minimising any adverse impacts.

Soil: Poorly controlled road drainage leads to unnecessary erosion of the road fabric as wellas to some section of the hinterland in areas of outfalls. The present lack of maintenanceallows the various sand and silt deposit to remain on the road surface restricting the passageof pedestrian and vehicles and the blocking of drains. The topsoil in the area of constructionis generally fertile and its loss during construction should be avoided as required by theESMAP. The fertile topsoils shall be preserved all along the work arcas, for example at theborrow pits and all along the existing roadsides. The topsoil shall be preserved as per thecontractual clauses. The topsoil should be removed and used as defined in the ESMAP.

Storage or Disposal of Surplus Material: Debris shall be dumped away from watercoursesat a sufficient distance from the roadside. The surplus material shall be disposed of properlyaccording to the contractual requirement of the ESMAP.

ILB 1l0Shc!adia/C ESdCT 2.3

Kemala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

2.3.6 Construction Materials Issues

Sand mining: This is one of the many active environmental issues in Kerala. The designreport states that the sand mined from the riverbeds can be a source for the constructionmaterial. The sand mining leads to the draining of groundwater from the Riverbanks and alsothreatening the stability of Road and Rail bridges across most of the rivers (refer SEA formore details). The sand requirements are usually met from the riverbeds. Being anenvironmental issue in Kerala, it is necessary to confirn that source of sand is fromlegitimate areas.

Mitigation: No mitigation actions are required in the project. The project shall depend forQuarry sand to meet the various sand requirements. The quarry sand / dust will be availablein sufficient quantity to meet all requirements.

Borrow pits The opening and closing of borrow pits shall be carried out as per the relevantIndian Road Congress (IRC) clauses as defined in the ESMAP. The openings of borrow pitsin the paddy field areas shall be avoided as far as possible.

The selection and operation of borrow pit areas should conform to the Indian Road Congress(IRC) requirements as specified in the ESMAP. The PWD will ensure proper utilisation, bythe contractor of the quarries and pits with the aim of minimising any adverse impacts.

As a Kerala specific situation, the opening of borrow pits shall be avoided in the paddy fieldsarea except in the case of some community needs for the construction of ponds or otherstructures for water harvesting. Any such conversion should obtain the permission from theDistrict Collector as per the Land Utilisation Order (1967).

The details of borrow pit locations are shown in the maintenance report and also in theProject Coordinating Consultants (PCC) Geo technical report. The identified borrow pits arelocated in the small barren areas.

2.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

2.4.1 Vegetation Clearance Issues

Vegetation clearance; Drainage clearance, bush and vegetation clearance on a routine basisis needed to maximise the use of the non-bituminous portion of the road corridor therebyoptimising the potential use of the entire available corridor. The maximisation of the use ofthe non-bituminous portion of the available corridor is directly linked to the increased roadsafety and a reduction in road accidents.

The present condition of the roads is such that the sides are covered with thick vegetation i.e.grass, shrubs, trees and thorny bushes.

Excessive vegetation is a safety hazard. Some vegetation is necessary to prevent soil erosion,grass and other roadside vegetation to provide erosion protection by slowing flow andtrapping suspended matter. The vegetation along the available corridor can be a fire hazardalso. During the summer season (March -April -May season) the vegetation along theroadside exposed to sunlight may dry due to two factors. First factor is that the small plantsgrows to maturity Second factor is the matured plants dry quickly when exposed to Sun light

LB1iSheladia/CES!ICT 2.4


and atmosphere. The fire may hit dried Plants/vegetation due to a number of possible reasons(eg: the piece of ignited cigarettes, or Children's may ignite during play for fun).

The maintenance report states that the restricted usability along road margins reduces sightdistances for drivers both of approaching vehicles and pedestrians and animals along theroadsides.

Mitigation The maximised use of the available corridor is a potential mitigation effort by theproject towards road safety. Grass cutting and vegetation clearing in the drains needs to becarried out.

2.4.2 Tree removal / planting Issues

Only very few number of trees may have to felled along the roads which fall very close to theedge of the existing pavement (Refer: Maintenance Design report). Number of treesidentified for removal with respect to road safety in the Year I Maintenance Program isshown in Exhibit 3.4.

Mitigation PWD will remove only those trees, which are extremely necessary consideringroad safety point, falling within 0.60 m off the edge of the pavement. The tree removal willbe strictly monitored by the PIU. At least two trees will be planted for every tree removed. Inall corridors the trees that will be cut and removed should be identified and marked. Pnror tothe tree cutting, pennission will be obtained from the local forest officer (ACF) for the treesthat will be removed by PWD. This can be carried out Just before the start of the constructionwork as the total number of trees involved will be very few in any given link. The Contractorwill also help to identify and mark the trees together with the Environmental Officer of thePXW1D. There may be roads or specific locations where slight change in the alignment may berequired without any land acquisition to save several valuable old trees. The contractor shallplant trees in the locations agreed with the PWD and the Local Forest Officer. The entireactivity will be linked to the KSTP tree planting strategy. The tree planting strategy of KSTPand the associated tree planting will take care of most of the compensatory tree planting. Treecutting will be carried out under a separate Contract. The Contractor will not be allowed tocut trees indiscriminately. Similarly the Utilities very close to the black top will be shifted tothe edge of the carriageway. Although estimate is 150 only 400 trees (as against the required300 trees) have been considered for replanting during Year I Maintenance Programme.

2.4.3 Maintenance Roads near Ecologically Sensitive Areas

There are a number of corridors, which passes through the ecologically sensitive areas. Theeco-sensitive areas usually include reserved forests, sanctuaries, national parks, biospherereserves and Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) areas.

The eco-sensitive roads are identified as shown in Exhibit 2.1 and Exhibit 2.2.

EXHIBIT 2.1ROADS WHCH ARE CLOSE TO THE ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

NO:rv NAME OF ROAD ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREA

First Year Programme Of Maintenance

39 Thrissur- Kodungaillir The road passes through CRZ III area for about 100 m near Conolly canal and againnear Puliut river.

42 Potta - Moonupeedika Passes through CRZ III for about 100 m near Conolly canal.

LBIIShe1adia'CESJCT 2.5


N

SCALEQ/ Jeisoor hm2O 10 0 20 40 60 80 100km

,Chartwa7,

tT mbaY 14. ARALAM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

13. WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY t

NNU .

IpallyTHALASSERY ,

alusss&QUILANa n n t t Border

KOZHIKO ~ ~ gUdallore) 12. SILENT VALLEY NATIONAL PARK

V iarurr - 11. PEEOHI-VAZHANI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

10. CHIMMONI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY r

Pen Ia J . . 9. PARAMBIKULAM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY .

v ~~~PerirXblvt,, ~7)

01 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6. THATTEKKAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARYM Tniprayar i ' 8. CHINNAR WILDLIFE SANCTUARYMunnu,oeedika A

Pallippuran t i ~MARAYUR

vyi hZ0 .s+'Vyph -Chitl t ' \ 7. ERAVIKULAM NATIONAL PARK

giUnnuka PO AR

&Th~ ~~.• 5 IDUKKI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

LEGEND LEGEND n . e t ~~~~~~~~~~~VandanmeduState boundary meduYEAR ONE MAINTENANCEYEAR TWO MAINTENANCE Kid

- -_ -z YEAR THREE MAINTENANCE Nee ~~~~~~~~~~~4. PERIYAR TIGER RESERVE

e e-u--e- Railway LineRiver Mave ,

District boLndary M$

&}, Lake/Resevoir

Wildlife SanctuaryNat, * ., W ionald i PifeSanct Bourry KOLLA , O3. SHENDURNEY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Forest Area., /Z iVith, 2. PEPPARA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Z . ... .. . . - - - - .......... VarkalaO1 t

(S5urce-KERALA FOREST DEPARTMENT)

THIRUVANANTHAPUFA ii .NWRWIDIESACUR

Vizhinjam

EXHIBIT:-2.2MAINTENANCE ROADS IN RELATION TO ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS OF KERALA

LBH/Sheladia/CES/ICT


44 Cherpu - Triprayar The road passes through CRZ III area for about 100 m near Conolly canal.64 Sulthan's Bathery - Road passes through Wayanad wild life sanctuary for about 6 km near Sulthan's

Pulpalli Bathery. Endangered species such as Elephant, Nilgiri Langer, Lion tailed macaque,Sambar Wild bear, Black panther, Wild buffalo and Tiger are present in thesanctuary. It also passes through Kuppadi RF and Kurchiyat RF. Kallur RF andRampur RF are located about 4 km away from the road near Sulthan's Bathery.Padri RF is about I to 2 km away from the road near Pulpalli.

60 Narukara - State border No parks or sanctuaries within seven km of the road. This road at present terninatesat Nilambur. The portion between Nilambur and State border dropped mainlybecause of the Biosphere reserve. Near Nilambur the forests are located mostlyseparated by the Chaliyar river. The reserve forests close to Nilambur are partly orwholly converted to teak and rubber plantations. Nilambur RF, Panangode RF,Pokote RF, Edakode RF and small Amnarambalam RF on the left side of the road.

59 Quilandy - Road passes through CRZ III area for about I km near Ulliyeri where KorapuzhaThamarassery river crosses the road. Several swampy areas are also located near this place.

Quilandy town is situated in CRZ II area.129 Cherkala - Jelsoor road The road passes along the border of Karadka RF for about 3 km. Aduru RF is

situated about 2 km away from the road.Second Year Programme Of Maintenance205 Kulathupuzha - Anchal Yerur RF on both sides of the road for the first 7 km length and on the left of the

- Punalur road for next 5 km length. Small Irattur RF about 2.5 km away at Anchal.Ayiranallur RF about 2 - 3 km away on north - east of road for almost the entirelength.

63 Kuttyadi-Kellur Reserved forests in the last section in Wayanad district215 Karuarakundu - Silent Valley National Park (Part of Nilgiri biosphere reserve) is within 7 km impact

Kizhakkethara corridor of the road. Several endangered species such as Lion tailed macaque,Elephant, Nilgiri Langer etc. are present here. Very large Silent valley RF is alsosituated very close to the road.

27 Vandanmedu - Passes through Cardamom Hills RF. Kambam valley west RF in Tamil Nadu is alsoCumbumbettu situated very close to the road.

234 Kallambalam - Varkala Last 500 m of the road passes through CRZ 11 area. Varkala beach is also included inthe list areas of outstanding natural beauty in CRZMP prepared by Govt. of Kerala.

9 Vizhinjam - The first 500 m of the road passes through CRZ III area.Kattakkada

36 Vypin - Pallipuram First I km of the road passes through CRZ II and III areas. A mangrove eco systemarea (CRZ I) is located at the beginning at a distance of about 50 m to the right ofthe road (for about 750 m length). After this, another mangrove eco system area islocated on the left of the road (about 400 m away and for a length of about I kmn).The road passes through CRZ III area for a length of about 500 m nearMurukkumpadam. The road again passes through CRZ III area for some smallstretches.

121 Kozhikode Mini bye Passes through CRZ 11 area for about 100 m near Conolly canalpass

Third Year Programme Of Maintenance62 Vythiri - Tharuvana The road passes along the border of small Lady Smith RF near Tariyod. Dense

mixed jungle is present on the left of the road through out its length.132 Thodupuzha - Idukki wild life sanctuary is very close to the road. Endangered species such as

Paramada Elephant, Nilgiri Langer, Lion tailed macaque, Sambar Wild bear, Black panther,Bear Wild buffalo and Tiger are present in the sanctuary. Last 6km of the road passthrough Thodupuzha RF.

28 Kumili - Poopara Periyar and tiger reserve is very close to the start of the road. Highly endangeredspecies such as lion tailed monkey, tiger, leopard, Gaur; Elephant etc. are present inthe tiger reserve. Periyar Lake RF, Cardamom hill RF (Cardamom), Rattendonvalley annexe RF and Kambam valley west RF (Tamil Nadu) are also present insidethe 7 km impact corridor.

(Source: Survey of India maps, Forest Department and SEA)

LB [/Sheladia/CES/ICT 2.6

Kerala State Transpot PToject Environmental and Social Manateement Plan -October 2001

Mitigation: The maintenance roads, which pass through or located very close to thesanctuary areas need special mitigation efforts during construction. These efforts include

1. Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of fruits, nuts and otherforest produce and resources etc from the sanctuary (Impact on Flora)

2. Speed restriction (range 20-40 km per hour depending on the exact location) is to bemaintained during construction and operational phase of the project in case thesanctuary is very close (within one kilometre) to the project road

3. Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any one associated with theroad maintenance works (Impact on Fauna)

4. Ban on locating any construction or labour camps, Borrow areas within 7 kilometre ofthe Sensitive ecological unit.

5. Avoidance of rock blasting nears the eco-sensitive areas.6. Signage indicating presence of wildlife as that will lead to the avoidance of the

accidents involving wild animals.7. Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencing which will be identified

during the implementation.

The link-wise assessment of the environmental impacts in the Year I MaintenanceProgramme is shown in Exhibit 2.3.

2.5 SOCIAL ANALYSIS

2.5.1 Introduction

The project will not impact any private properties or encroachers or squatters due theplanned maintenance acivities. There will not be any need for additional land acquisition formaintenance considerations. The Maintenance Programme will not have any adverse impacton people. No squatters and encroachers have been identified as affected due to the plannedmaintenance activities.

PWD will maintain status quo in all the areas including critical areas with an improved roadsafety measures such as lining and signing. There will be waming signs and speed controlprovisions (bumbs, rumble strips etc) as a part of the proposed road safety measures. Hencethere will not be any Squatters and Encroachers due to the implementation of the project. Thestatus quo approach will not make it necessary to identify the Squatters and Encroachers evenin the critical stretches.

One of the impediments to the adoption of modem pavement technology is the perceivedsocial implication of abandoning manual construction methods.

First to reintroduce routine maintenance -routine maintenance is by nature, labourintensive;Second is to provide footpaths along the roads wherever possible.

2.5.2 Cultural Properties

There are a number of cultural properties by the side of the maintenance roads. These culturalproperties are shrines, churches, mosques, temples, tree shrine etc. However, theMaintenance programme will not affect any of the cultural properties. In case any culturalproperty is affect, the project will adopt the provisions of the Cultural Property

LBll]Sheladia'CESilCT 2.7

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.3ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Proximity or presence of any sensitive issue/ area/ activityTree

Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance Important RemovalNo: Work Eco sensitive zones if any Drainage issues Road safety Water due to

issues bodies safetyreasons

Thiruvananthapura Cleaning of culverts, raisinaou The side drains areVery small Thonnakkal RF about 3 si Sharp reverse No major

I m - Kottarakkara pavement levels and their km away at Thaikkod placssn at om curves rivers (Thaikkod) strengthening at some places places Thrivers

80 Thiruvananthapura Cleaning culverts and Chulimala RF, Pachamala RF and Drainge is average Sharpa otheamm -Poni-nudi strengtliening pavernent Kottur RF - all about I to 2 km away tlirotighout the length horizontal - perennial 6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Kotu R -al aou 1 o k aayDringe orzota - peenia

from the road. curves streams cross________________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~the road.

Kaliyar river,

29 Thodupuzha _ Cleaning of culverts and Maniyandram RF, Ezhallur RF and Data currently Kothamangal29 Thdupuza Claningof clvert andThodupuzha RF- all about 2 km Some culverts arc in not available am river and 7

Unnukal strengthening pavement, wy a clogged condition. (To be severalaway. ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~provided) streams cross

the road.Periyar valleyirrigation

Aluva - Cl f ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Several project main34 Aluva _CStrengthening of clvemnts None identified. Drainage structures horizontal and nal and a 6

Kothamangalam Strengthening of pavement. are adequate. vertical curvesperennialstreams crossthe road.

LB311/Shcladia/CES/ICT


EXHIBIT 2.3 (CONTINUED)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Proximity or p sence of any se sitive issue/ area/ acti vity

Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance TreeNo: (Link no) Work Eco sensitive zones if any Drainage Road safety issues Water bodies Removal

issues (Numbers)

Drainage

Passes through CRZ III area for about condition Manali River,New side drains, 100 m near Connolly canal and again ranges from Connolly

Thrissur - cleaning of culverts and near Pullut river. Many paddy fields in medium to Data currently not canal, PullutKodungallur strengthening of the area. Huge trees on the shoulders poor. available (To be River and 12

pavement, produce green tunnel effect Stagnation of provided) many canalswater isobserved in cross the road.some areas.

Side drains at flood Passes through CRZ III area for about Drainage Many

42 Potta - prone locations, cleaning lOOm near Connolly canal. Many paddy structures are Data currently not irrigationMunnupeedika of choked culverts and fields in the Project Influence Area and anequate In avaidabe (d o e canals criss - 0strengthening pavement. not along the road. number and provided) cross the area.

size.

Passes through CRZ III area for about P Data currently not ManyCherpu - Cleaning choked culverts lOOm near Connolly canal. The road Poor drainage available (To be irrigationThriprayar avement, gpasses through paddy field areas. strhes, pvaided canals in the

pavemieiit . stretclhes. provided) PIA.

The corridor falls under Nilgiribiosphere reserve. It passes through A number of

Cleaning and structural Wayanad wild life sanctuary for about Drains are n -64 Sulthan Bathery - repair of culverts and 6km near Sulthan Bathery. It also passes choked and Sl nni- 13

Pulpally strengthening of through Kuppadi RF and Kurchiyat RF. are absent in streapavement. Kallur RF, Rampur RF and Padri RF - many places. the road.

all are about I to 4 km away. All the RFsare part of the wild life sanctuary.

LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT

Kerala State Transport Prolect Environintental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.3 (CONTINUED)ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Proximity or presence of any sensitive issue/ area/ activity

Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance Road TreeNo: (Link no ) Work Eco sensitive zones if any Drainage issues isuesY Water bodies Removal

Issues (Numbers)

No parks or sanctuaries within 7 km of Nothe road. Some reserved forests - shoulder Vadapuram river

Cleaning and structural Nilambur RF, Panangode RF, Pokote RF, Hillside kuccha for most and smallrepir f clvets iidEdakode RF and small Amarambalam RF dan i msigof testreams cross the

60 Bordostrengthening of - are located near Nilambur separated by wlich could result length road. Chaliyar 34Border pavement Strengthening the Chaliyar river. These are about m in future drainage The river is very

of pavement km away from the road. The reserve problems. corridor close to the roadpforests close to Nlambur are partly or r for about 6km

wholly converted to teak and rubber curves. after Edavanna._________________________ plantations.

58 Kozhikode - Cleaning and structural None present Drainage ranges Sharp Connolly canal,Mavur repair of culverts and from average to reverse Cherupuzha river

strengthening of poor. The side curves. and 2 streamspavement Minor repair drains are missing at cross the road.and cleaning of some some places. Chaliyar river is Oculverts, strengthening of Existing side drains very close to thepavement. have partially filled road.

up.

| 59 Quilandy - Cleaning and structural Road passes through CRZ Ill area for Average drainage Nearly Korapuzha river,Thamarassery repair of culverts and about I kin near Ulliyeri where conditions. no Thalayat river

strengthening of Korapuzha river crosses the road. Several shoulders and otherpavement. Rising of road swampy areas are also located near this . streams cross the 26profile in some areas and place. Quilandy town is situated in CRZ road. Korapuzhastrengthening of 11 area. is parallel to thepavement. road for a length

I h __ .C _ _ _ of 12km. _


Keirala State Tranisport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

121 Thaliparamba - Cleaning and structural Some small patches of open mixed Drainage is poor. At Sharp The road isIritty repair of culverts and jungle. No parks or sanctuaries or some places, side reverse parallel and very

strengthening of reserved forests. drains are missing. curves. close to 2pavement. Minor repairs Valapattanam 5and cleaning of a few river for the lastculverts 7km.

129 Cherkala - Jelsoor Cleaning and structural The road passes along the border of Drainage ranges Data Banatpadi streamrepair of culverts and Karadka RF for about 3km. Aduru RF is from medium to currently and several nonstrengthening of about 2km away from the road. poor. No hill - side not - perennialpavement. drains. available streams cross the 9

(To be road.provided


Kerala State Transport Proiect Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

Rehabilitation Policy, which is applicable across the entire project. This policy has laid outthe general guidelines to deal with the problem.

The Most Important Religious Properties That Attracts Large Scale Pilgrims Of Importanceare as follows:

Link 205 Lord Ayyappa temples at ShasthamkonamLink 27 Ettumanoor Mahadeva temple also important place enrout to SabarimalaLink 34 Famous pilgrim centre at Aluva. Periyar River: a very important place forShivarathri festivalLink 39 Kodungalloor is a town of immnense historical importance and an ancient

centre of trade and commerce with the Jews, Phoenicians, Greeks, Roman andthe Arabs. The thriller city was earlier known as Muziris to the Greeks andRomans and was the major natural Port in the western coast till 13th centurywhen a cataclysm silted its mouth and opened the Port at Cochin, resulting inthe shift of commerce. It had been the first settlement for the Jews, Christiansand Muslims in India. The town is famous for its Cheraman Juma Masjid builtin 625 A.D. dilapidated synagogue, Portuguese fort, Saint Thomas Memorialchurch and Kurumba Bhagavathi temple of the Bharani Festival fame.

Link 42 The corridor traverses through pre-eminently residential and commercialareas. No cultural property, historical monument or places of religiousimportance are located along the corridor in the ROW. Potta (Muringoor) is anewly emerged Christian Divine Retreat Centre, frequented by large numberof pilgrims during all days of the year. Irinjalakuda Koodalmanikya Templededicated to Bharatha, the brother of Lord Rama is another attraction.

Link 44 Thriprayar is famous for its Hindu Temple.

An improvement in the road condition may bring more traffic to these corridors because of itslocation close to the religious places. However, none of these religious properties will beadversely affected due to the Maintenance programme.

2.5.3 Access problems & Traffic disruption

In all activities associated with road works in Kerala access problems could be a social issuebecause of the ribbon development. This is more important due to the fact that along narrowroad corridors numerous schools, hospitals, markets etc are also located. This is moreimportant due to the fact that along narrow road corridors numerous schools, hospitals,markets etc are also located. It is expected that there will be some traffic disruption duringconstruction

Mitigation This necessitates good public relations and there should be trained local(language) people to deal with such issues. There should be consultation prior to themaintenance activities and also towards the middle of the maintenance activities.

A fornal traffic management plan will be agreed between the Contractor and the PWD toInternational Standard before commencing the work on any link. The necessary costs havebeen included in the Bill of Quantities.

LBII/Sheladia'CES/ICT '.8

3 Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October 2001

2.5.4 Tribal settlements

Link 64 passes through Wayanad wildlife sanctuary and also very close to many tribalsettlements. A major temple located near the corridor is the Pulpalli Sita Devi Temple, whichI is in the tribal area. The corridor passes through the tribal areas and villages: SulthansBathery, Chethalayam, Pulpally, Mullankoly, Pathanikuppu, Perikallur. The corridor isimportant from the social point of view as it offers connectivity to the native, indigenoustribes. Native tribes mainly consists of various sects like Paniyas, Kurumas, diyars,Kurichyas, Ooralis, Kattunaikkans, etc. The corridor falls under the Nilgiri biosphere reserve,which also has tribals. This particular road will be largely useful to the development of thetribal areas. The road maintenance activities will positively benefits the tribal settlements inthe region.

2.5.5 Road safety

3 The road safety audit was carried out for the improvement roads. As an outcome of this audit,there is road safety action plan, which is applicable to the Maintenance programme as well.Through the Maintenance programme, there will be a reduction of poor surfaces and

| potholes, which will reduce the risk of accidents caused.

Mitigation: Improve lining and signing, provision for pedestrians, parking areas, need fortraffic calming, crash barriers and speed barriers are some of the road safety measures thatwill be undertaken for the Maintenance programme.

| In the operational phase, the PWD will use the road safety manual that has been prepared.This is applicable to complete road network of Kerala including Maintenance roads. Anumber of measures have been included such asI * Road safety Council for mentoring and implementing various road safety

measures* Driver educationI * Awareness programme* Lining signing* Trained traffic policing* Education for school children etc

| 2.5.6 Common Property Resources Issues

The common properties resources along the roadsides include Public Wells, Public Watertaps, bore wells and other water sources, bus waiting sheds, facilities available for parkingareas and pedestrian facilities. It is likely that some of the common property resources areaffected.

* Mitigation. The water taps will be shifted away from the corridor. The bore wells will beshifted only if practical to obtain same yield away from the existing location. If affected the R

| & R policy will be applicable as per the check list given in Section 2.5.7.

2.5.7 Provision for R & R

However, during implementation if any person is adversely impacted, then the R&R policy'wll be implemented. A concise check list for the social impacts for the contractors is added

LBII/Sheladia/CESAICT 2.9

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Manaeement Plan -October 2001

in case the R& R policy and RAP are to be implemented. under the project. The checklist is| as follows:

A. Contractor to measure the existing width and the required width

B. If a structure/plot of land is affected:* Identify the location(chainage, side (L/R),existing width ,modified width)I * Identify the owner user address* Measure the area of the affected land* Identify and details what else is lost (well, tank, trees etc)* Refer the RAP for Mitigation measures* Identify the number of trees and the ownership (public / private) of the tree to be

3 removed.

C. If a CPR (well, hand pump, Schools, etc) is affected:* Identify the location (chainage, side(E/R),existing width, modified width)* Identify if these are privately owned or owned by the government* Measure the affected area and identify the ownerI * In case of private owners, follow the RAP mitigating measures* In case of Public properties coordinate with the PWD and the relevant affected

government department to rehabilitate the affected CPR.

D. If a religious/Cultural property is affected:* Identify the location( Chainage ,side(L/R))existing width, modified width)* Identify the property (Temple ,Church, mosque, Hyundi, etc)* Measure the area affected and identify the quantum of loss)

| * For compensation and benefits enhancement measures refer to the RAP.

E. The contractor will be responsible to administer the check list in the field. The R & R co-| ordinator of the PIU will provide the clearance note prior to the commencement of the civil

works.

The social issues due to Year 1 Maintenance programme are shown in Exhibit 2.4.

l

IlIl

LBIUSheladiaCESilCT 2 l()

l

m -- -- -- - -- - - -- - m - m -Kcrala State rl'ransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.4SOCIAL ISSUES DUE TO F[RST YEAR MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

SOCIAL ISSUESLink Name of Road Proposed Maintenance t ouristNo: Work Cultural Properties/ Squatters Encroachers Potential Land Tribal Settle-

Ilistorical Monuments Affected Affected Use ments

Thinivananthapura Improvement and Cleaning No cultural properties or N . Used by the tourists Residential,i m - Kottarakkara ofculverts, raismg pavement historic monuments are None identified. None coming from the north to commercial and None present

(Tlhaikkod) levels and their strengthening affected. dentified. reach Kovalam. cultivation.at some places

The road is a main route RsdnilThimuvanantlha- Improvement Cleaning No cultural propertiea or None to traffic deatinations Rsdnil

80 commerl culverns a d strengpening historic monuments are None identified. Noned. coRe d None present.puranm - Ponmudi c pvrsavdemtentlnngfisorctmnuents ar oeietfe, ietfe, such as Ponmudi, Kallar, agricultural.

pavement affected. ~~~~~~~~~~~~Neyyar and Peppara.

Residential and

Tiodupuzha - lmprovemetit Cleaning of No cultural properties or None identified. None rad Saarie ava interminlpressent.29 Unnttkal culverts and strengthening historic monumenits are identified. tafcdrn aaiaa itrnnld Nn rset

pavement, affected. pilgrimiage season, with greenery.

An important pilgrimNo cultural properties or centre is located on the

Aluva -historic monuments are NnletbkofPryrivr Residential,

o4 hthamangalam Strengthening of pavement. affected. None identified, identified, near Aluva. The anual c lmmtrcal d Noe'I'he annual Sivarathri fair is Sivarathri fair is held arcluaheld here. here.

Both Thrissur andKodungallur are famous for

New side drains,cean their historical importanceThrissur - New side drains, cleaning of and many religious None identified. None Thrissur is a major tourist Residential and None present.Kodungallur pavement. structures. identified. attraction in the state. commercial

No cultural properties orhistoric monuments areaffected.

No cultural properties orSide drains at flood prone historic monuments are Norie Residential and

42 Potta - locations, cleand ng ofchioked affected. None identified. identified. To be ideiitified. commercial None present.Munnupeedika culverts and strengthening A Christian prayer centre at area.

pavement. Potta.

LBIl!Sheladia/CES/ICT

- m - m - - -- --- --- -

Cerala Ste Transport Project Environmentlal and Social Management Planl - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.4 (CONTINUED)SOCIAL ISSUES DUE TO FIRST YEAR MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Link Name of Road Proposed Maintenance SOCIAL ISSUESNo: Work Cultural Properties/ Hlistorical Squatters Encroachers Tourist Potential Land Use Tribal

Monuments Affected Affected Settlements

None

Cherpu - Cleaning choked culvers an Famous temple at Thriprayar. identified. te4 Th4 prayar strengthening of pavement. No cultural properties or historic identified. To be identified. Residential and commercial. None present.

monuments are affected.

Tribal belt

- A major Sita Devi temiple at None number of tribalSulthan Bathery Cleaning and structural repatir Pul ally. ideentified. None Sulthan Bathery is Mainly Dense forests and settlements

Pulpally of cuiverts and strengthenng No cultural properties or historic identified. a tourist attraction plantatione. aulpsrte toatmonuments are affected.SutaBthr

and Pulpally

Settlements are

Narukara - State New culverts in hilly portion, No cultural properties or Ilistoric None Road to important concentrated towards the No tribal60 prprisNoru on tourist center Ooty first half of the road. The

Border streiigthening of pavement. niotluments are affected, identified. identified. in Tamil Nadu. hill portion is sparsely settlements.

_________________________ populated.

Kozhikode - Minor repair and cleaning of No cultural properties or historic None None Predominant land use is No tribal58 Mavur some culverts, strengthening monuments are affected, identified. identified. None identified. residential. settlement.

of pavement.

Quilandy - Rising of road profile in No cultural properties or historic None None Commercial and No tribal59 Tamarassery some areas and strengtlenig monuments are affected identified. identified. None Identified agricultural. settlements.

haa assy CES/CofTpavement.

Ll3][/She1ad,a/CFS/1CT

m - m - - - -- - - m - -Kcrala State Transpon Projen Environmental and Social Management Plani - October 2001

EXHIBIT 2.4 (CONTINUED)SOCIAL ISSUES DUE TO FIRST YEAR MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Link Name of Road Proposed Mlaintenance SOCIAL ISSUES

No: (Link no) Work Cultural Properties/ Squatters Encroachers Tourist Potential Lnd U TribalHistorical Monuments Affected Affected an se Settlements

Predominant land uses are

129 Cherkala - Some new culverts and No cutural propertics or identified. None identified. residential atnd comercial No tribal

Jelsoor strengthening of pavenment. affected. agricultire or forest towards scttethe final reaches.

None Residential, commercial and

121 Thaliparamba - Minor repairs and cleaning of historic monuments are identified. None identified. None identified ericuntural laches. No tribalIritty a few culverts Certain final reaches are settlements.

affected. covered with forests.

L 5 Il/S heladsiaC ESIic'r


3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTION PLAN

3.1 GENERAL

Maintenance work generates positive impacts by eliminating or minimising environmentalissues and impacts caused by the deterioration of road surfaces, drains and shoulders.Recurrent and periodic maintenance reduces the rate of road deterioration and maintains the3 ride quality of a road. The reduction of poor surfaces and potholes reduces the risk ofaccidents by drivers circumnavigating bad areas and improved surfaces. The maintenanceactually reduces fuel consumption and the overall running costs. The maintenance activitieswill also contribute positively to the social welfare of the road users and people at large.

3.2 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM

The institutional structure within the PWD / PIU proposed for the implementation of thePhase I Widening and improvement corridors shall be extended to the maintenanceI programme also. The Project Implementation Unit (PIU) with the Environmental and SocialManagement Cell will be responsible for ensuring that environmental and social safeguardsare met in the maintenance programme. This Cell is headed by a Joint Director, who isI supported an Environmental Officer and a Social Development Officer. This Cell comprisesan Environmental Monitoring Unit and a Social Development Cell.

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT MITIGATION COSTS

The project has included provision of I % of the total cost (Rs. 9.36 million) towardsI environmental and social impact mitigation and enhancements. The cost can be consideredmainly towards full filling the following areas. The detailed requirements are not worked outbut will be decided prior to the construction work depending on the local requirements.

Parking areas and bus lay-bys The existing parking areas (Auto-rickshaws, Cara, Jeeps,Tempos etc) shall be integrated without affecting the free flow of traffic. The costs for theseI will be borne under the 1% budget allocated.

Dust Nuisance: Nuisance during the work will be addressed by frequent watering of all areasI susceptible to dust nuisance. No separate costing is included. This will be a part of theoriginal contract work.

| Pollution of water sources; As a part of generic ESMAP, all the solid and liquid wastesfrom the construction sites including the vehicle maintenance locations will be collected and3 disposed off properly. No separate costing included.

Storage or Disposal of Surplus Material: Debris shall be dumped away from watercoursesat a sufficient distance determined by the site-specific conditions from the roadside. TheEnvironmental officer of the Project Implementation Unit will ascertain the site-specificcondition. No separate costing is included. This will be a part of the contract costs.

I Tree cutting and planting: Before the start of the maintenance work, all the trees to be cutand removed shall be clearly marked and checked and certified by the EnvironmentalMonitoring Unit of the Project Implementation Unit. The tree cutting will be carried outunder a separate contract. The costs for tree planting is not included in the I %

LBII/Sheladia/CES"ICT 3.2


Environmental and social mitigation cost. This is part of the compensatory tree planting costincluded in the Phase I Highway improvement component.

Tree cutting will be carried out under a separate contract by PIU. The estimated tree removalis 150 numbers only (Ref. Exhibit 2.4). However, a total of 400 trees (as against the required300 trees) have been considered for new tree-planting under the common tree plantationstrategy to compensate for the cutting in the maintenance programme. These trees will beplanted along the sides of the roads in the Phase I Highway Improvement component. Asdiscussed in the tree planting strategy, these trees will be along the road section (Oxbow land)where realignments have been considered and also along the existing Purmaboke land(formed after land acquisition is complete).

Traffic Disruption: A formal traffic management plan adhering to International Standardswill be agreed between the Contractor and the PWD / PIU before commencing the work onany link. There should be proper safety arrangements during construction works. The costwill be met from the original contract.

Encroachers and Squatters: In the unlikely situation of having to resettle or rehabilitateencroachers and squatters, the R & R policy will apply and the associated costs will be metwithin the 1% budget that has been allocated.

Common property resources: If these properties are affected, these will be relocated orreconstructed. The cost will be part of the engineering cost.

Access roads / paths: Any repairs pertaining to access roads / paths to residences /commercial premises that is caused due to the maintenance activities will be undertaken. Thecosts will be met within the 1% budget that has been allocated.

3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP) FORMAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES

The PWD will ensure that the Contractor adopts the requirements included in the ESMAP,which are shown in Exhibit 3.1 and 3.2. Exhibit 3.1 includes the generic mitigation measures,the timeframe, the locations, the implementing organisation, responsible organisation and thereference to Contract clauses. And, Exhibit 3.2 includes the additional specific impactmitigation measures.

A Contractor's Environmental Management Action Plan will be prepared based on ESMPprior to the commencement of construction. This will indicate how the Contractor plans toimplement environmental requirements as stated in the General Conditions of Contract clause19 titled " Safety, Security and Protection of the Environment." These Contractor's plans willbe submitted along with the Construction schedule and will be approved by the PWD.

The environmental and social mitigation measures will be implemented by the Contractors.This will be monitored by the PIU through Supervision / Quality Assurance Consultants.Appropriate indicators will be used for the monitoring and reporting. These Consultants willhave the expertise to supervise the contractors on environmental and social issues. Ifrequired, the PIU will use the PCC to train PWD officials and contractors on environmentaland social issues.

LBII/Sheladia/CESAICT 3.2

- - ----- - -- m - -- - -- - -- -Kerala State I'ransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001

EXHIBIT 3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ESMAP)(GENERIC FOR MAINTENANCE CONTRACTS ONLY)

Reference to theEnvironmental Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location lemening Responsible Organisation ContractIlinpact OrganisationDouet

a) All vehicles delivering materials to the siteAir PollUtion shall be covered to avoid spillage of

materials.b) The Contractor shall take every precaution to

reduce the level of dust emission from thehot mix plants up to the satisfaction of theEngineer. The hot-mix plant sited at least150m from the nearest habitation. However,new plants shall not be put up within anynotified, protected or reserved forest areas.The hot-mix plants shall be fitted with dustextraction units in order that the exhaustscomply with the requirements of the relevant Through out MOST: 111.9current emission control legislation. Project (amended)

c) All existing highways and roads used by D Corridors,vehicles of the contactor, or any of his sub- uring all access The Environmental Officer MOST: 111.5

Dust contactors or supplies of materials or plant and roads, sites Contractor (EO) of PIUand similarly roads that are part of the works and temporarily KSPCB MOST: 111.8shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud Construcion acquiredor other extraneous materials dropped by and all MOST: 111.9such vehicles. borrow

d) Clearance shall be effected immediately by areas. MOST: 111.10rnanual sweeping and removal of debris, or ifso directed by the Engineer, by mechanicalsweeping and clearing equipment, and alldust, mud and other debris shall be removedcompletely. Additionally, if so directed bythe Engineer, the road surfaces shall behosed or watered using necessary equipment.

e) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be sohandled (including dismantling) so as tominimize generation dust.

LBII/Sheludia/CES/ICT

- m - -- - - - - - - --- - - - - - - -

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001


. Reference to thenvIronmentact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Documents

MOST: I1 1.5The exhaust gases shall comply with the Location to (amended)

Emission from Hot requirements of the relevant current emission During be identified PIU -Mix plants control legislation. All operations at plants shall construction prior to Contractor EO MOST: 111.5

be undertaken in accordance with all current rules construction KSPCB (amended)and regulations protecting the environment.

a) The hot-mix plant be sited at least 1 50m from Through outthe nearest habitation. However, new plants Projectshall not bc put up within any notified, used Corridors, MOST: 111.13

Emission from for construction shall confirm to the relevant access PlU (amended)Hot-MixPlantsBuearue of Indian Standard (BIS) norms. Durinlg roads, sites CotrcorU

E lpiet Panisd b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used Construction temporarily Contractor EO

Machinery for construction shall be regularly acquired KSPCB MOST: I.13MahieY maintained to ensure that pollution emission and all (amended)

levels comply with the relevant requirements bofowof KSPCB and the Engineer. areas.

All crushers used in construction shall conform to AllPollution from relevant dust emission control as legislated. A t I MOST: 111.13

Pollutsonfrom Clearance for siting shall be obtained from the During Aggregate Contractor PU (amended)

KSPCB. Alternatively, only crushers already Construction Crushinglicensed by the KSPCB shall be used. PlantsAsphalt mixing sites will be sited over 500 m

from any communities. During Asphalt PIU Specification It1,Asphalting Mixing equipment will be well confined, and be Construction mixing sites Contractor EO 111.5

equipped with a dust-removal device. Operatorswill wear dust masks and ear protection

Air Pollution Vehicles and machinery are to be regularly Throughout Operating PIUAir Pollution maintained in order that emissions conform to Tructon area of Contractor EO it 1.5

National and State Standards -tmachine KSPCB

Lu I l/Sheladia/CEs!IcT 2

Mm- - m - - - - - - M- -

Kerala State Tralisport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001


Environmental Implementing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Reference to theImpact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Contract

Impact organisation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Documents

Noise a) The plants and equipment used inconstruction (including the aggregate

from vehicles, crushing plant) shall strictly conform to thePlants and Gol noise standards.Equipment. b) All vehicles and equipment used in

construction shall be fitted with exhaustsilencers.Maintenance of vehicles, equipment andmachinery shall be regular and proper, to thesatisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noisefrom these at a minimum.

c) In construction sites with in 150 in of thenearest habitation and 500m of protected andreserved forests, noisy construction work MOST: 111.13such as cnsiling, mechanical compaction, Throughout PIUetc, will be stopped between 2100 hours to Throughout the EQ0600 hours. In silence zone (areas tip to construction construction Contractor B100m around such premises as hospitals, MOST: 111,13educational institutional and courts) no hot corndorslmix or aggregate crushing plant will beallowed. No construction shall take placewithinl 100 rn arouLid hospitals from 2100hours to 0600 hotirs.

d) In constructioll sites with in 150 m of thenearest habitation and 500m of protected andreserved forests, noisy constniction worksuch as crushing, mechanical compactionetc, will be stopped between 2100 hotirs to0600 hours. In silence zone ( areas up to 100nm around such premises as hospitals,educational institutional and courts) no hotmix or aggregate crushing plant will beallowed. No construction shall take place

LBI/Shcladia/CES/JCT 3

- - - - m- - - - - -- - - - -- -



Enivironmenjtal Implementing Rfrnet hImpact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Contract

Documentswith in 100 m around hospitals from2100 hours to 0600 hours.

e) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, andworkers working with or in crushing,compaction, or concrete mixingoperations shall be provided protective

I clothings and appliances.WATER l

In sections along watercourses, earth andstone will be properly disposed of so as not to Wheneverblock rivers and streams, thereby preventing encountered D)esign Unit and S

Alteration of adverse impact on water quality. dnLoing Construction Contractor EO 201,301, 304,Sldrainage All necessary measures have been taken to contConin.sitruction01Contrac0or

| drainage prevent earthworks and stone works related to Contractor Irrigation Department 306, 309the road from impeding drainage at rivers,streams and canals or existing irrigation anddrainage systems. C_I

Construction materials or waste likely to giverise to contaminated containing fine particles Throughout Through out PIU

Silting e.g., in lime or fly ash will be stored in an construction construction hrCoattractor EO n enclosure such that sediment-laden water does pro.cntuto riainDp.36 0..not drain into nearby watercourses, but rather perod, sitespercolates slowly into the soil. IThe discharge standards promulgated under Throughout

Contamination of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 shall Throughout Project PIUWater from be strictly adhered to. All waste arising from constructioni Corridors, all Contractor EO MOST: III.13Construction the project is to be disposed off in a manner pro. access roads KSPCB MS:111Wastes that is acceptable to the Kerala State Pollution period. etc Borrow

Control Board (KSPCB) and the Engineer areas I

LBIIl/Sheladia/CES/ICT 4

m - - - - - m m - - - - - - - - - -Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001


nv ronmental _ - .ementing Reference to theEnvironmental Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Contract

Organisation ~~~~Documents

Sewerage Disposal Throughout PIU Specificationduring A minimum distance of any sewage or toilet construction Contrator EO 111.9utConstruction at facility from water sources will bc 200 metres. constperiod. KSPCB EServices Centres.

a)The work shall be carried out in such amanner that pollution of naturalwatercourses, ponds, tanks and reservoirsis avoided.

b)Vehicle, machinery & equipment Imaintenance and refuelling shall be done in Throughouit MOST: 111.4

Contamination a manner as specified in the E.M.P section Projact Corridors, PIUfrom fuel and concerning 'Contamination of Soil by al acccss roads, Contractor EO MOST: 113.13lubricants Construction wastes' to prevent pollution sires all KSPCB

to water. acquired and all MOST: 111.13c) Waste pollution products will be collected, borrow areas.

stored and taken to approve disposal sitesin compliance of KSPCB guidelines or anyother relevant laws, and to the entire

._________________ satisfaction of the Engineer. _ .___.* Sufficient measures will be taken in the

construction camps, i.e. provision ofgarbage tanks and sanitation facilities.Waste in septic tanks will be cleared

Sanitation and periodically as necessary. Before and duringWaste Disposal in * Drinking water will rmeet ildiani National building of Cont r P[U SpecificationConstruction Standards. constructio Contractor KSPCB 122, 201.2,Camps * Garbage will be collected and disposed of camps. 201.4, 306

daily.* Special attention shall be paid to the

sanitary condition of camps.* Camps will be located at a minimum

distance of 200 m from water sources.

LBii/Shbladia'CES/ICT 5

- - - - - - - - - m - - - - - - -



Reference to theEnvironmental Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Contract

DocumentsBorrow pits have been identified outside theROW Before opening additional borrow pits .PU IRC:10 1961

Borrow pits operating pits shall be closed as per the IRC Durmig Contractor EO SpecificationSpecification. Contractor to prepare a Borrow construction EQ 111.2, 305.2.2and Quarry area rehabilitation plan IConstruction plant and equipment will meet

Equipment recognised international standards for SpecificationEquipment emissions and will be maintained and operated During106, IRC:72-

Selection in a manner that ensures relevant air, noise, Duruig Contractor PIt 1978; IRC:90-maintenance and and discharge regulations are met. Contractor c t0 1985, 111.9,operation to prepare a Borrow and Quarry area 201.3

rehabilitation plan

Quarrying will be carried out at approved and During PlU SpecificationQuarrying licensed quarries only. construction Contractor EO 111.3,302,

| SOIL 305.2.2___________ 3

On slopes and other suitable places along the Upon completionroadside, trees and grass will be planted. On ofconstruction

Soil Erosion and their slopes will be(>3 mc)eand deep cutting op e sites. All erosion Contractor Contractor SpecificationSoil Conservation with grass, etc. If existing irrigation and prone areas Soil conservation Dept 306

drainage system ponds are damaged, they will Duringlllbe suitably repaired. construction

Borrowing within the R.O.W. is prohibited-Borrowing of under this contract. Arrangement for locating During All borrow Contractor PIU MOST:Earth the source of supply of material for construction areas. Agricultural Dept 305.2.2.2

embankment and sub-grade as well aslIIl ~~~~~In stretches where the road side slopes supportlll

better and productive soils, the topsoil shall be Throughout MOST: 301.3.2,Loss of stripped to a specified depth of 150mm and Du.n arget IU MOST: 3 3.

agriclturl tosoilstored in stockpiles of height not exceeding g orridor and Contractor MS:3533agriculturalstopo ol2ni. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to construction ill borrow Agricultural Department MOST: 305.3.9,

cover the disturbed area and cut slopes. reas. MOST: 301.7Residual topsoil will be disturbed on I I_I

LBI[/SheladialCES/ICT 6

m - m - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -



Reference to thelEnvironmental Implementing Rfrnet hImpact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Contract

Documents

adjoining/proximate barren/rocky areas asidentified by the Engineer in a layer ofthickness of 75mm - 150 mm. compliance toenvironmental requirements in respect ofexcavation and borrow areas as stipulated,from time to time by the MoEF and the localbodies, as applicable, shall be the soleresponsibility of the contractor.Borrow pits shall not be dug continuously.

Degradation of The location, shape and size of the designated During All borrow MOST:Borrow Areas borrow areas shall be as approved by the uosrictAllnborrow. Conitractor PIU 305.2.2.2

Engineer. No borrow area shall be opened .without permission of the Engineer.

a) In borrow pits, the depth of the pits are soregulated that the sides of the excavationwill have a slope not steeper than lvertical to 4 horizontal, from the edge ofthe final section of bank. MOST:

b) The work shall consist of measures as per Through out 305.2.2.2design, or as directed by the Engineer to Project l

control soil erosion, sedimentation and b orrow areasSoil Erosion water pollution, through use of berms, Duringiborroars Contractor P[U

dikes, sediment basins, fibber mats, & equipment MOST: 306s1mulches, grasses, slope drains and other storage sites, MOST: 306.4devices. All temporary sedimentation and etc. (aMended)pollution control works and maintenance (amended)thereof will be deemed, as incidental tothe earth work and other items of workand as such no separate payment will bemade for them.

TlhrouLglhoLutContami.ation of Vehiclc/ machinery and equipment ProjectSoil hy Fiel and u maintenance and refuelling shall be carried During Corridors, all Contractor PIU MOST: 111.13

Lubricants out in such a fashion that spillage of fuels and Construction access roads, (amended)lubricants do not contaminate the ground. sites

_______________ _ . .ltemporarily

LB1IUShe1adia/CES/ICT 7

-- - m -- - --- -- - -- -- m - - - -



Reference to the

Impact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisatin Responsible Organisation ContractDocumentsAcquiredand allborrowareas.

Contamination of All waste material shall be completely During ThroughoutSoil disposed as desired and the site shall be fully Construction Project Contractor PIU MOST: l1.I

Corridors, allConstrLctioll Access roads,wastes sites

Cleaned before handing over. The PWD / PIU During temporarily Contractor PIUwill certify in this regard. Construction acquired and

all borrowareas.

The Contractor shall obtain materials fromquarries only after consent of the Departmentof Forests or other concerned authorities andonly after development of a comprehensive All quarries

Quarry Operations quarry' redevelopment plan, as per the Kerala Dunring to be used in Contractor PIU MOST II 1.3Mining Rules. Alternatively the Contractor Conistructioni the project. Mininig Geology Deptshall acquire the required material fromquarries licensed by the KSPCB. The quarryoperations shall be undertaken within the rulesand regulations in force.

IMPACT OF FLORA AND FAUNA

Loss or Damiage of IAll works shall be carried ouit in suich a EniePrjc [OST: 11I.15V0esgsetoartionill3gc of |fashion that the damage or disruption to the [|i |Etrc Project Coitractor PIU amended)

Vegetation flora Is miniimum. St.Faedd

DISRUPTION TO USERS _

At all times, the Contractor shall providesafe and convenient passage for vehicles,pedestrians and livestock to and from side

Loss of Access roads and property accesses connecting During All Project Contractor PIUthe project road. Work that affects the use Constructioni Corridorsof side roads and property accesses shallnot be undcrtaken without providing

I adequate provisions to the prior _ .

LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT 8

- -m - - m - m - ---- - -- - - -

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental anid Social Management Plan-October 2001


Environmental Implenienting ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Reference to theEnvironmental Mitigation Measures taken or to bc taken 'I'ime frame Location Implemeniting Responsible Organisation ContractImpact Organisation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Documents

satisfaction of the Engineer. The works shall

not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with

the convenience of public or the access to, use

and occupation of public or private roads,railways and any other access footpaths to or

of properties whether public or private.

a) The Contractor shall take all necessarylmeasures for the safety of traffic duringconstruction. Also provide, erect andmaintain such barricades, including signs,markings, flags, lights and flagmen asmay be required by the Engineer for theinformation and protection of traffic

Traffic Control approaching or passing through the During All Project Contractor PIU & Contractor MOST: 112.4and Safety section of the highway under Construction Corridors Traffic Police

improvemcnt.b) All signs, barricades, pavement markings

shall be as per the MOST specification.Before taking up construction on any

section of the highway, a traffic controlplan shall be devised to the satisfaction of

the Engineer. _ l

FLORA

Areas of trees cleared will be replaced

Loss of trees and accordinig to Compensatory Afforestation After completion All Project Contractor and PIU Specification

lAVCILIC Plantation Polic under the Forest Conservation Act - ofconstruction Corridors Forest Department Forest Department 201, 301.32,1980. Two trees will be planted for each tree activities Crios FetDpamntoetDprmnt307, 308,cut down.

Tree clearing within the ROW will be avoided During cleaning PIU

Compactioin of beyond that whicih is directly required for opraions All Project ContractorForest Dcpartent Specicatio

l vcgctatioli conistructioni activities and / or to redue opuring Corridors 201.2 Sl egetatioll accidents. uconstrin Ction

See soil comnpaction also. ot..

LBII/SheladiaICES/ICT 9

m -- - - -- - m- - - --- - m - - -

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plani-October 2001


Environmental implementing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Reference to theImpact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsib Organisation Contract

Impact Time 1 1 implementing Responsible R ~~~~~~~~~~DocumentsFAUNA _ _

Fauna and Construction workers will be told to protcct Durinig Forest arcas Co1ntractor PIU Specification lCompensatory natural resources and wild animals. Hunting is construction along the CFonest Departrrent Forest Department 201.2, 201.3,Afforestation prohibited. Iconstruction FrsDeatnt oetDprmnt201.4.SOCIAL _ I

If there is traffic congestion during Urban andTraffic congestion construction, measures will be taken to relieve During semi urban Contractor PIU and Specification

and congestion it as far as possible with the co-operation of construction areas State Police 1 12, 119, 201.2the traffic police. l

Health and Safety All contractors' staff and workers will be Through outworking along busy traffic routes. They will During the . Iwear high visibility purpose made overalls or construction construction Contractor Contractor Specificationtrousers/a waist coat at all times All operators sites 111.6working with any materials above head height(even in trenches) will wear hard hats all the

I time.WORKERS' ACCIDENT RISK _ -

Risk from The contractor shall supply all necessaryOperations safety appliances such as safety goggles, Special

helmets, masks, etc., to the workers and staff. Condition ofThe Contractor has to comply with all During Entire Contractor & P contract Buildingregulation regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, construction project Site Contractor otherworking platforms, gangway, stairwells, Construction Actexcavations, trenches and sage means of entry Factory Actand egress. _

a) The use of any herbicide or other toxicchemical shall be strictly in accordancewith the manufacturer's instructions. TheEiigineer shall be given at least 6 workingdays notice of the proposed use of any D.rin herbicide or toxic chemical. A register of c)srtcg Entire Contractor Contractor & PIU MOST 111.6all herbicides and other toxic chemicals pdelivered to the site shall be kept andmaintained up to date by the Contractor.The register shall include the trade name,physical properties and characteristics,

Lt3tt,StietedialCES,ICT lo

m - - - - - - - - - -- m m - - -

Kerala State t'ransport Project Environmental and Social Maiiagement Plan-October 2001


_ . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Reference to theEnvironmental Implementing ReonibeferiatoeCntrcto h

Impact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Location Organisation Responsible Organisation Documents

chemical ingredients, health and safetyhazard information, safe handling andstorage procedures, and emergency andfirst aid procedures for the product.

WORKERS' HEALTH RISKSFirst Aid At every workplace, a readily available first

aid unit including an adequate supply ofstcrilized dressing material and applianceswill be provided as per the Factory Rules ofKerala. Workplaces remote and far away fromregular hospitals will have indoor health units .Entirewith one bed for every 250 workers. Suitable DurinCg Ectie Contractor Contractor & PIU MOST: 111,6transport will be provided to facilitate take construction project Siteinjured or ill person(s) to the nearestapplicable hospital. At every workplace anambulance room containing the prescribedequipment and nursing staff shall be providedas prescribed.

DAMAGE AND LOSS OF CULTURAL PROPERTIESConservation of a) All necessary and adequate care shall beReligious taken to minimize impact on culturalStructures and properties. Such as cultural sites andShrinies remains, places of worship including

temples, mosques, churches and shrines,etc, graveyards, monuments and anyother important structures as identified During Entireduring design and all construction project Site Contractor Contractor & PIU MOST: 301.5properties/sites/remains notified underthe Ancient Sites and Remains Act). Nowork shall spill over to these properties,premises and precincts.

t ,R1 /She1adia/CES1CT II

- - --- - - m - - - - - - - - - - m - -Kerala State I'ransport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan-October 2001


Etivironiiieiital 3 Implementing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Reference to thenInmpact a Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken' Time frame Location3 Omrpgaementing Responsible Organisation Contract

Impact Organisation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Documents2

b) All conservation and protection measureswill be taken up as per design. Access to During Entiresuch properties from the road shall be construction project site C

._________________ maintained clear and clean

Some of the mitigation measures are preventive in nature while some others include additional measures in terms of environmental conservation and involve physical andconstruction work.3Unless otherwise stated, the Project Site covers area beyond the Corridor of Impact and/or the R.O.W. suchi as borrow areas. Access roads, service roads and equipmeint storagesites (MOST: 306.3)2 Tre contract Documents refer revised MOST Specification as discussed.

a) Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing (MOST), Government of India. Specifications for Road and Bridge Works (Third Revision, 1995. Reprinted 2000)b) MOST documents are amended to suit the needs of the Kerala State lighways Project, particularly the requirements of the Environmental Management Plant (EMP).

113111/Shc1adia/CES/ICT 12

- - - - - - - - - - ---- - -- - - -Ker:al State TransportProject Environiental and Social Management Plan -October2001

EXHIBIT 3.2ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (ADDITIONAL) FOR FIRST YEAR

MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME

Reference to Environmental ILink No Sensitive Rented Contract Social Budget

and Name Issue/ Area/ SocialnImpact Additional Mitigation Measures/ Enhancement Plan Document! (Actual cost will beof oad Activity and Ree oEhbt23Generic determined during

of Road mitigation and 2.4 of ESMP EMP implementation)[Exhibit 3.11 (INR m)

_ Very small I .Tree removal, I.Compensatory plantation as per the tree plantation strategy Generic EMPThiruvanant Thonnakkal Vegetation clearance, 2.1f affected, the property will have to be shifted or compensated. as applicablehapuram - RF 2.Impact to Common 3. Proper care as follows:Kottarakkara about 3 km Property Resources (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of(Thaikkod) away 3 Sensitive areas fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources from the RF

at Thaikkod. 4.Road safety during (b) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any oneconstruction associated with the road maintenance works5.Road safety during (c) Ban on locating any construction or labour camps, Borrow areas 0.74operation within 7 kilometre of the sensitive ecological unit.6. Drainage (d) Any other sitc-specific mitigation measures such as fencing

which will be identified during the implementation.4. Traffic Management Plan during construction5. Road Safety Action Plan6. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided bythe PWD during implementation.

80- Unauthorized I.Tree removal and I.Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy Generic EMPThiruvanant residential Vegetation clearance, 2 Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by the as applicablehapuram - developments 2.Drainage, , PWD during implemcintation.Ponmudi at 'Eleventh 3. Impact to Common 3. If affccted, the property will have to be shifted or compensatcd.

stone'. Propcrty Resources 4. Traffic Management Plan during constructionChulimala RF, 4.Road safety during 5. Road Safety Action Plan 0.30Pachamala RF constructionand Kottur RF 5.Road safety duringabout I to 2 operationkm away fromthe road. .

LBIV!Sheladia/CESliCl FSM A P-A I

-- - - - - - - - --- --- -- - - - -

Keraia State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plain - October 2001

Related Reference to Environmental /

Name of Sensitive Environmental Document! Social BudgetRade of Issucl Arca/ Social Impact Additional Mitigation Measures! Enhancement Plan GD *ene / (Actual cost during

Road Activity Refer to Exhibit 3.3 eneric implementation)and 3.4 of ESMP [Exhibit 3M1P (INR m)

29- Maniyandram I .Trec removal, I .Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy Generic EMPThodupuzha RF, Ezhallur Vegetation clearance 2 Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by the as applicable- Unnukal RF and 2.Drainage PWD during implenmentation.

Thodupuzha 3.Road safety 3. Traffic Management Plan during constructionRF about 2 km during construction 4. Road Safety Action Planaway. 4.Road safety during 5. If affected, the property will have to be shifted or compensated.

operation 6. Proper care as follows:5.Impacts to Common (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of 0.36Property Resources fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources from the RF61mpact to sensitive (b) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any oneareas eg. Reserved associated with the road maintenance worksForests (c) Ban on locating any construction or labour camps, Borrow areas

within 7 kilometre of the sensitive ecological unit.(d) Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencing

which will be identified during the implementation.

34-Aluva - None ITree removal I .Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy Generic EMPKothamanga 2.Drainage 2 Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by the as applicablelam 3. Impact to Common PWD during implementation

Property Resources 3. If affected, the property (wells water taps, public play ground etc) 0.474.Road safety during will have to be shifted or compensated.construction 4. Traffic Managcment Plan during construction5. Road safety - 5. Road Safety Action Planoperational

42-Potta - Passes throughi 1. Possible disruption I. If affected, mitigation measures as per CZRMP (GOK). PWD will MOST:Munnupeedi CRZ III area to CRZ area, seek the required approvals and clearances prior to initiating any 111,13,ka for about 2.Tree removal and activity. 111.4, 113.13

1 00m near Vegetation clearance, 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy and 1I 1. 15.Connolly 3.Drainage 3. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by Generic EMP 0.82canal. Many 4. Impact to Common the PWD during implementation as applicablepaddy ficlds in Property Rcsources 4. If affectcd, the property (wells water taps, public play ground etc)the PIA. 5. Possible impact on will have to be shifted or compensated.

-paddy fields 5. Paddy fields will not be used for any construction-related activity

LBII!Sheladia/CES/ICT FSMA P-A2

- - - - - - - - - - - - --- - ---- -


RelatedEnvironmental/ Reference to Environmental

Name of Road Sensitive Issue/ Area/ Social Impact Additional Mitigation Measures/ Enhancement Plan CoGeneric EMPe I Social BudgetActivity Refer to ExhibitGeriEM IRm

3.3 and 3.4 of [Exhibit 3.11 ( m)ESMP

39-Thrissur - Passes throughi CRZ I .Possible I. If affccted mitigation as per CZRMP (GOK). I'WD will MOST: 11I. 13, 111.4,Kodungalltir [[I area for about 100 disruption to seek the required approvals and clearances prior to initiating 113.13 and 111.15.

m near Connolly canal ecologically any activity. Generic EMP asand again near Pullut significant CRZ 2. If affected, the property (wells water taps, public play applicableriver. Many paddy area, 2.1mpact to ground etc) will have to be shifted or compensated.fields in the area. Common Property 3. Green tunnel will not be affected. Compensatory treeHuge trees on the Resources planting as per the tree plantation strategy 0.52shoulders produce 3.Tree removal 4. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs asgrcen tunnel effect. Vegetation decided by the PWD during implementation

clearance,, 5. Paddy ticids will not be used for any construction-related4. Drainage, activity5. Potentialimpact on paddyfields.

44-Cherpu - Passes through CRZ I. Possible 1. If affected. mitigation as per CZRMP (GOK). PWD will MOST: I111. 13, 111.4,Thriprayar III area for about disruption to CRZ seek the required approvals and clearances prior to initiating 113.13 and 111. 15.

100m near Connolly area, any activity. Generic EMP ascanal. The road passes 2 Tree removal, 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation applicablethrough paddy field Vegetation strategyareas. clearance 3. 3. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as

Drainage decided by the PWD during implementation 0.304. Road Safety 4 Traffic Management Plan during construction and Roadduring Safety Action Planconstruction and 5. Paddy fields will not be used for any constrtiction-relatedoperation activity5. Potentialimpact oii paddy

_____________________________ fields

LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT FSMA P-A 3

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -

Kcrala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Managemcnt Plan - October 2001

EnivironmentalI

Related ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SocialRelated Reference Budget

; Environmental/ to Contract (Actual

Name of Road Sensitive Issue/ Area/ Social Impact Additional Mitigation Measures/ Enhancement Plan Document! cost willName of Road ~~Activity Refer to Exhibit Generic EMP be

3.3 and 3.4 of [Exhibit 3.11 duringESMP impleme

ntation)_. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(INR m)

I Possible 1. Proper care as follows:disruption to wild (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collectionlife habitat, of fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources etc frompossible the sanctuarydcstruction of (b) Speed restriction (range 20-40 km per hour depending on thetrees, possible exact location) is to be maintained during construction and

The corridor falls under disruption to tribal operational phase of the project in case the sanctuary is veryNilgiri biosphere reserve. areas and Tree close (within one kilometre) to the project roadIt passes through removal, (c) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or anyWayanad wildlife Vegetation one associatcd with the road maintenance workssanctuary for about 6 km clearancenear Sulthan Bathery. It 2 Impact to (d) Ban on locatng any constructhon or labour camps, Borrow MOST: 111 .1 5

64-Sulthan also passes through Common Property areas within 7 kilometre of the Sensitive ecological unit. (amended) and 0.75Bathery - Pulpally Kuppadi RF and Resources (e) Avoidance of rock blasting nears the eco-sensitive areas. Generic EMP as

Kurchiyat RF. Kallur RF, 3. Drain clearance, (f) Signage indicating presence of wildlife as that will lead to the applicableRampur RF and Padri RF 4. Road safety avoidance of the accidents involving wild animals.are about I to 4 km away. during (g) Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencingTribal settlements at construction and which will be identified during the implementation.Suilthan Bathery and operation 2. The common property resources (wells water taps, public playPulpally. 5. Possible impact ground etc) if affected will have to shifted.

on the tribals 3. Draih clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by

the PWD during implementation4. Traffic Management Plan during construction and Road Safety

Action Plan ,5. PWD / contractors will ensure that they do not impact the tribal

L_I t/S settlenieMits in anyAway.

LBIIl/SheladialCES/ICT F.SM AP-A 4

m - m - m - - m - - --- m - - = m

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan October 2001

Environmental /

Related Reference to SocialEnvironmental/ Contract Budget

Name of Road Sensitive Issue/ Area/ S to Exhibit Additional Mitigation Measures/ Enhancement Plan Document/ (AcostalActivity Refer to Exhibit ~~~~~~~~Generic EMP durin

3.3 and 3.4 of lExhibit 3.11 durmgESMP impleme

ntation)(INR m)

I. Eco-sensitive 1. Proper care as follows:areas (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of

Nilambur RF, Panangode 2. Tree removal, fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources from the RFRF, Pokote RF, Edakode Vegetation (b) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any oneRF and small clearance, associated with the road maintenance works

60-Narukara - 3. Drainage (c) Ban on locating any construction or labour camps, Borrow areas Generic EMP as 1.70State Border Amarambalam RF are within 7 kilometre of the sensitive ecological unit. applicable

located near Nilambur (d) Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencingseparated by the Chaliyar which will be identified during the implementation.

ri, 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the tree plantation strategy3. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by

_______________ ___________________ the PWD during implementation1. Sensitive area, I. Proper care as follows:2. Tree removal, (a) Avoidance of any tree cutting, fire wood collection, collection of

Vegetation fruits, nuts and other forest produce and resources from the RFThe road passes along the clearance (e) Prevention and prohibition of hunting by the workers or any oneborder of Karadka RF for 3. Drainage associated with the road maintenance works

129-Cherkala - about 3kmo Aduru RF fs (f) Banl on locating any constructioni or labour camps, Borrow areas Generic EMP as 1.19Jelsoor about 3km. A ro RFi within 7 kilometre of the sensitive ecological unit. applicableabout 2km away from the (g) Any other site-specific mitigation measures such as fencing

road. which will be identified during the implementation.2. Compensatory tree planting as per the project strategy.3. Drain clearance and other location specific repairs as decided by

_________________ _ .the PWD during implementation

L_B3IIISheladia'CES/ICT F.SMAP-AS

- - - M - - - -m- - - - - - - --- -

Kerala State Transport Project Environmental and Social Management Plan -October2001

Related Reference to EnviroiaeBdtalEnvironmental/ ~~~~~~~~~Contract S(ctual cosgtwilb

Name of Road Sensitive Issue/ Area/ SocialnImpact Additional Mitigation Measures/ Document/ Generic (Actual cost will beActivity f Refer to Exhibit 3.3 Enhancement Plan EMP determined during

and 3.4 of ESMP [Exhibit 3.1 implementation)

58-Kozhikodc - Lot of pedestrian and I.Tree removal 1. Compensatory tree planting as per the Generic EMP asMavur traffic at the junction near &Vegetation tree plantation strategy applicable

Medical college. Traffic clearance 2. Drain clearance and other locationcongestion near 2.Drainage specific repairs as decided by the PWDKozhikode medical 3. Road safety durinig durinig implemi-enitationcollege at the starting construction 3. Traffic Management Plan during 0.47point of the road. This is 4. Road safety during constructionthe best medical facility Operation 4. Road Safety Action Planavailable for the public inthis part of the Keralastate.

I. Possible disruption I. If affected. mitigation as per CZRMPRoad passes through CRZ to CRZ area, (GOK). PWD will seek the requiredIII area for about I km 2.Tree removal & approvals and clearances prior to initiatingnear Ulliyeri where Vegetation clearance, any activity. MOST: 11I. 13,Korappu71ia river crosses 3.Drainage 2.Compensatory tree planting as per the tree 111.4, 113.13,

59-Quilandy - the road. Several swampy 4. Impact to Common plantation Strategy 306.1, 0.78Thamarassery areas are also located near Property Resources 3. Drain clearance and otlier location specific 306.4(amended) and

this place. Quilandy town repairs as decided by the PWD during 305.2.2.2 / Genericis situated in CRZ II area. implementation EMP as applicableSand mining from 4. If affected, the property (wells water taps,Korappuzha river. public play ground ctc) will have to be shifted

or compensated.

I Impact to Common 1. If affected, the property (wells water taps,Some small patches of Property Resources public play ground etc) will have to be shifted MOST: I1I. 13,open mixed junigle. The 2 Tree removal & or compensated. 111.4, 113.13,

12 1-Thaliparamba road is parallel and very Vegetation clearance 2. Compensatory tree planting as per the 306.1, 306.4 0.96- Iritty close to Valapattanam 3 Drainage, strategy (amended) and

river for the last 7kmn. 3 Drain clearance and other location specific 305.2.2.2 / GenericSand mining from river. repairs as decided by the PWD during EMP as applicable

implementation

LBII/ShieladiaICES/ICT FSMAP-A6

Of the Kerala State Transport Project · 2016. 7. 17. · Kerala State Transport Project Prepared...

Documents

Transcript of Of the Kerala State Transport Project · 2016. 7. 17. · Kerala State Transport Project Prepared...