JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGYVOLUME 9 0 NUMBER 1 0 JANUARY 1979

EDITORIAL BOARDALBERT BALOWS, Editor-in-Chief (1979)

Centerfor Disease Control,Atlanta, Ga.

LORRAINE FRIEDMAN, Editor (1982)Tulane University Medical School,

New Orleans, La.

HENRY D. ISENBERG, Editor (1979)Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center,

New Hyde Park, N. Y.NATHALIE J. SCHMIDT, Editor (1980)

California Department of Health,Berkeley, CalifJ

Donald G. Ahearn (1981)Libero Ajello (1979)William L. Albritton (1981)Stephen D. Allen (1981)Daniel Amsterdam (1980)Arthur L. Barry (1981)Barry Beaty (1981)John F. Bennett (1979)Edward J. Bottone (1980)Don J. Brenner (1980)Sotiros D. Chaparas (1979)William B. Cherry (1981)Wallace A. Clyde, Jr. (1979)B. H. Cooper (1980)Richard F. D'Amato (1980)Jules L. Dienstag (1980)Richard E. Dixon (1981)Steven D. Douglas (1981)Walter R. Dowdle (1979)V. R. Dowell, Jr. (1980)Bennett L. Elisberg (1979)Richard W. Emmons (1980)Richard Facklam (1979)John J. Farmer III (1979)John C. Feeley (1980)James D. Fenters (1979)Sydney M. Finegold (1979)Maxwell Finland (1980)Herman Friedman (1981)Thomas L. Gavan (1980)

Robert C. Good (1979)Norman L. Goodman (1980)Morris A. Gordon (1981)Dieter Groschel (1980)Pekka Halonen (1981)James L. Hardy (1981)William J. Hausler, Jr. (1981)Kenneth L. Herrmann (1979)Harry R. Hill (1980)Lillian V. Holdeman (1979)Milton Huppert (1981)S. S. Kalter (1981)Douglas S. Kellogg (1981)George E. Kenny (1979)Wesley E. Kloos (1979)George P. Kubica (1979)Laurence R. McCarthy (1980)James D. MacLowry (1980)Harold Markowitz (1980)William J. Martin (1980)John M. Matsen (1980)Joseph L. Melnick (1979)William I. Metzger (1980)Stephen A. Morse (1980)C. Wayne Moss (1980)Maurice A. Mufson (1980)Harold C. Neu (1979)Richard A. Ormsbee (1979)Arvind A. Padhye (1981)Barbara G. Painter (1980)

Demosthenes Pappagianis (1980)Robert H. Purcell (1980)William E. Rawls (1980)L. Barth Reller (1980)Glenn D. Roberts (1980)Jon E. Rosenblatt (1980)Sally Jo Rubin (1980)Julius Schachter (1980)Alexis Shelokov (1979)Marcelino F. Sierra (1981)Margarita Silva-Hutner (1980)Robert M. Smibert II (1981)James W. Smith (1980)Peter B. Smith (1979)Vera L. Sutter (1979)Patricia E. Taylor (1979)Welton I. Taylor (1980)John H. Thompson, Jr. (1980)Richard C. Tilton (1981)Alexander von Graevenitz (1980)I. Kaye Wachsmuth (1981)Kenneth W. Wails (1980)Joseph L. Waner (1980)Lawrence G. Wayne (1980)Tracy D. Wilkins (1981)Hazel Wilkinson (1980)Robert P. Williams (1981)Marion E. Wilson (1980)Kwei-Hay Wong (1980)Robert H. Yolken (1981)

Robert A. Day, Managing EditorGisella Pollock, Assistant Managing Editor

Bethany J. Brown, Production Editor1913 1 St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

EX OFFICIOEdwin H. Lennette, President (1978-1979)

J. Mehsen Joseph, Secretary

The Journal of Clinical Microbiology (ISSN 0095-1137), apublication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St.,NW, Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the disseminationofnew knowledge concerning the applied microbiological aspectsof human and animal infections and infestations, particularlyregarding their etiologic agents, diagnosis, and epidemiology.Papers dealing with antibiotics and antimicrobial agents andchemotherapy, with fundamental aspects of infection and im-munity, and with food or dairy microbiology fall within the scopeof other ASM publications. Instructions to Authors are publishedin the January issue each year. The Journal is published monthly,and the twelve numbers are divided into two volumes per year.The nonmember subscription price is $60 per year. The membersubscription price is $16 per year. Single copies are $6. Corre-spondence relating to subscriptions, reprints, defective copies,availability of back issues, lost or late proofs, disposition ofsubmitted manuscripts, and general editorial matters should bedirected to the ASM Publications Office, 1913 I St., NW, Wash-ington, DC, 20006 (area 202 833-9680).

Willis A. Wood, President-Elect (1978-1979)Brinton M. Miller, Treasurer

Second-class postage paid at Washington, DC 20006, and atadditional mailing offices.Made in the United States of America.Copyright (C 1979, American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.

The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journalindicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the articlemay be made for personal use, or for personal use of specificclients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that thecopier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clear-ance Center, Inc., P.O. Box 765, Schenectady, New York 12301,for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of theU.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kindsof copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertis-ing or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works,or for resale.

Author IndexAlley, Cynthia C., 97

Babu, Jegdish P., 84Bailey, Robert K., 65Barr, Judith T., 88Baughn, Robert E., 23Beckwith, David G., 20Bednarek, Frank, 93Berthiaume, Laurent, 128Biano, Stella A., 134Black, Robert, 79Blacklow, Neil R., 93Boue, Andre, 149Boudreault, Armand, 128Bourgeois, A. Louis, 38Bradley, Daniel W., 120Brill, Bradley M., 49Brooks, John B., 97

Cabau. Nicole, 149Capozza, Frank E., 93Chanock, Robert M., 60Cisani, Gabriella, 147Crokaert, F., 152Cukor, George, 93

Daggs, R., 144Dajani, Adnan S., 28Dasch, Gregory A., 38Decker, Richard H., 120Duncan, I. B. R., 11Durbin, William A., 88

Essex, M., 154

Fields, Howard A., 120Flux, Marinus, 72Forger, John M., III, 115Francis, Donald P., 154Friedman, Maureen G., 1

Gayzagian, Dawn, 154Gilfillan, Robert F., 115Goldmann, Donald A., 88Grazi, Grazia, 147

Greenberg, Harry B., 60

Halle, Sidney, 38Hansen, W., 152Harris, Patricia P., 103Hebert, G. Ann, 103Heczko, Piotr B., 15Helstad, A., 144Hennessy, Joan N., 11Hesser, John W., 56Hinton, Norman A., 11Hoeprich, Paul D., 141Hoover, David, 60Horodniceanu, Florian, 149Huq, Imdadul, 79

Jang, Spencer S., 141Jeljaszewicz, Janusz, 15

Kapikian, Albert Z., 60Kellogg, Douglas S., Jr., 97Kibrya, A. K. M. G., 79Kurzynski, T., 144

Lachica, F., 141Lecomte, Jacqueline, 128Le Frock, Jack L., 84Leventon-Kriss, Sophia, 1Levine, Myron M., 60Lewallen, Karen R., 103

McCaustland, Karen A., 120McKinney, Roger M., 103Maynard, James E., 120Meise, C., 144Merson, Michael H., 60, 79Michelson, Susan, 149Morgan, Thomas, 56Morris, George K., 79Moss, C. Wayne, 103Musher, Daniel M., 23

Nalin, David, 60Neugebauer, Maria, 15

Overby, Lacy R., 120

Panjvani, Zehra F. K., 93Penner, John L., 11Pezzlo, Marie T., 56Pulverer, Gerhard, 15

Rennert, Owen M., 72Richardson, Stephen H., 49Robinson, David B., 84

Sack, David A., 60Sack, R. Bradley, 60Sarov, Israel, 1Satta, Guiseppe, 147Schell, Ronald F., 84Seale, Thomas W., 72Smith, Rodney F., 65Szymczak, Elizabeth G., 88

Targowski, Hanna, 33Targowski, Stanislaw, 33Tarpay, Martha, 72Thacker, LeRoy, 103Thirkill, Hilary, 72Thirumoorthi, M. C., 28Thomason, Berenice M., 103Thrupp, Lauri D., 56

Valdesuso, Jose R., 60Valter, Peter J., 56Varaldo, Pietro E., 147Victor, R., 141Voss, Jack L., 65

Waner, Joseph L., 134Wasilauskas, Benedict L., 49Wegrzynowicz, Zenon, 15Whiteley, Gordon R., 11Whittemore, A. D., 108Whittington, Richard, 120Wilkinson, Hazel W., 103Williams, J. E., 108

Young, Edward J., 23Yourassowsky, E., 152

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Instructions to Authors

HOW TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPTSManuscripts should be submitted to the ASM

Publications Office, 1913 I Street, N.W., Wash-ington, DC 20006. The manuscript should beaccompanied by a cover letter stating the follow-ing: the journal to which the manuscript is pref-erably being submitted; the most appropriatesection of that journal; the address and tele-phone number of the corresponding author; andthe former manuscript number (if it is beingresubmitted).Submit two complete copies of each manu-

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EDITORIAL POLICYManuscripts submitted to the Journal must

represent reports of original research and/orclinical investigation that have not been previ-ously published and that are not being consid-ered for publication elsewhere.

CopyrightTo maintain and to protect the Society's own-

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ScopeThe Journal of Clinical Microbiology is de-

voted to the dissemination of new knowledgeconcerning the applied microbiological aspectsofhuman and animal infections and infestations,particularly regarding their etiological agents,

diagnosis, and epidemiology. Case reports arewelcome if they are novel and add to existingknowledge. Manuscripts which describe the"normal" microbiota of humans which in turnbecome pathogenic, or those dealing with theinteractions of hospitalized patients and the mi-crobial environment of the hospital, may also besubmitted for consideration.ASM publishes a number of different journals

covering various aspects of the field of microbi-ology. Each journal has a prescribed scope whichmust be considered in determining the mostappropriate journal for each manuscript. If agiven manuscript is appropriate for more thanone ASM journal, the author's wishes will begiven primary consideration. However, the Edi-tors reserve the right to transfer a manuscript toanother ASM journal when it is apparent thatthe manuscripts falls within the province of thatjournal. In such cases, the authors will be noti-fied of this action by the Editor or by the ASMPublications Office.Some of the guidelines determining transfer

to other ASM journals are as follows:(i) The Journal of Clinical Microbiology will

consider papers that describe the use of anti-biotics and antimicrobial agents as tools in theisolation, identification, or epidemiology of mi-croorganisms associated with disease. Other pa-pers dealing with antibiotics or antimicrobialagents will be considered for AntimicrobialAgents and Chemotherapy.

(ii) The Journal of Clinical Microbiology willconsider manuscripts dealing with the isolation,identification, or immunological diagnosis ofviral diseases. In addition, epidemiological stud-ies of viral diseases or those involving the use ofphages as a typing system or to identify bacteriawill be considered. However, papers on the bi-ology of bacteriophages and other microbial vi-ruses are more appropriate for the Journal ofVirology.

(iii) Reports of clinical microbiology investi-gations or studies of the hospital population andthe environment as they relate to nosocomialinfections should be submitted to the Journalof Clinical Microbiology. Manuscripts dealingwith ecology or environmental studies, or withapplication of microorganisms to agricultural orindustrial processes, are more appropriate forApplied and Environmental Microbiology.

(iv) Papers that contain data on the use ofimmunology and serology to aid in the diagnosisand epidemiology of infectious diseases or de-scribe the immunological response during thecourse of disease are suitable for the Journal of

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Clinical Microbiology. Manuscripts dealingwith basic immunology or with mechanisms ofpathogenicity are appropriate for Infection andImmunity.

(v) Papers that include extensive taxonomicmaterial (e.g., description or designation of newtaxa) should be submitted to the InternationalJournal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB),which is published by the ASM for the Inter-national Association of Microbiological Socie-ties. If the main thrust of the manuscript is nottaxonomy, divide the manuscript and submit thetaxonomic portion to IJSB; if such divisionwould weaken the main thrust, submit the man-uscript to the journal of choice.

If there are any questions about these guide-lines, please contact the Editor-in-Chief of thejournal you are considering, or contact the ASMPublications Office before submitting the man-

uscript.

Editorial StyleThe editorial style of ASM journals generally

follows the Council of Biology Editors StyleManual (4th ed., American Institute of Biologi-cal Sciences, 1978). The editors and the Publi-cations Office reserve the privilege of editingmanuscripts to conform with the stylistic con-

ventions set forth in the Manual and theseinstructions.

The Review Process- All manuscripts are subjected to critical re-

view by the Editors, by members of the EditorialBoard, or by other qualified reviewers. When a

manuscript is submitted to the Journal, it isgiven a manuscript control number and is as-

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pected to complete their reviews within 2 weeksafter receipt of the manuscript. Authors are no-

tified, generally within 6 weeks after submission,as to acceptance, rejection, or need for modifi-cation. There are occasions when the reviewprocess may require additional time. When a

manuscript is returned to the author for modi-fication, it should be returned to the Editorwithin two months; otherwise, the manuscriptmay be considered withdrawn.When an Editor has decided that a manuscript

is acceptable for publication, he sends the man-uscript and a signed letter of acceptance to theASM Publications Office. The month of publi-cation, approximate galley date, and section are

added to the acceptance letter, which is then

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Galley ProofsThe printer sends the galley proof, the copy-

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extensive corrections, additions, or deletions. Ifnew information has become available betweenthe time of acceptance and receipt of the galleyproof, and you feel that it is important to includethis information, it can be inserted as an "Ad-dendum in Proof" with the permission of theEditor. Limit other changes to correcting spell-ing errors, incorrect data, serious grammaticalerrors, and inclusion into Literature Cited of "inpress" references that have been published.Such references can be listed in Literature Citedin alphabetical order by adding "a," "b," etc., tothe reference number, i.e., if the reference wouldfall after citation 12, it would be given the des-ignation "12a."

Questions regarding late galleys and problemsin the proof should be directed to the ASMPublications Office, telelphone 202-833-9680.

ReprintsReprints (in multiples of 100) may be pur-

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ORGANIZATION AND FORMAT

Regular PapersRegular full-length papers include the ele-

ments described in this section.

Title. Each manuscript should present theresults of an independent, cohesive study; thus,numbered series titles are discouraged. Exercisecare in composing a title, and place the impor-tant elements of the study as close to the begin-ning of the title as possible. Avoid the maintitle/subtitle arrangement.On the title page include: title, running title

(not to exceed 46 characters and spaces), fullname (including first name and middle initial)of each author, address(es) of institution(s) atwhich the work was performed, and a footnoteindicating the present address(es) of author(s)no longer at the institution where the work was

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

performed. Place an asterisk after the name ofthe author to whom inquiries regarding the pa-per should be directed and give that author'stelephone number.

Abstract. Limit the abstract to 200 words orless, and concisely summarize the basic contentof the paper without presenting extensive exper-imental details. Avoid abbreviations, diagrams,and references; use the past tense to describethe results of the study. Use the present tense inreferring to previously established and generallyaccepted phenomena.

Introduction. The purpose of the introduc-tion is to supply sufficient background informa-tion to allow the reader to understand and eval-uate the results of the present study withoutneeding to refer to previous publications on thetopic. The introduction should also provide therationale for the present study. Choose refer-ences carefully to provide the most salient back-ground rather than an exhaustive review of thetopic.

Materials and Methods. The Methods sec-tion must include sufficient technical informa-tion so that a competent worker could repeatthe experiments that are described. In the caseof commonly used materials and methods (e.g.,commonly used media, protein determinations),a simple reference or specifically recommendedproduct or procedure is sufficient. If several al-ternative methodologies are commonly em-ployed, it is useful to identify the method brieflyas well as to cite the reference. For example, itis preferable to state "cells were broken by ul-trasonic treatment as previously described (9)"rather than stating "cells were broken as previ-ously described (9)." You should allow thereader to assess the methodology without con-stant reference to previous publications. De-scribe new or novel methods completely, andgive sources of unusual chemicals, reagents,equipment, or microbial strains. When largenumbers of microbial strains or mutants areused in a study, include strain tables identifyingthe source and properties of mutants, bacterio-phage, plasmids, etc.A method, strain, etc., used in only one of

several experiments reported in the paper shouldbe described in the Results section or, if briefenough, may be included in a table footnote orfigure legend.

Results. In the Results section, include therationale or design of the experiments as well asthe results; reserve extensive interpretation ofthe results for the Discussion section. Present

the results in as concise a form as possible, usingtables or graphs to present repetitive data. How-ever, avoid extensive use of graphs to presentdata which might be more concisely presentedin the text or tables. For example, except inunusual cases, double-reciprocal plots used todetermine apparent Km values should not bepresented as graphs; instead, the values shouldbe stated in the text. Similarly, graphs illustrat-ing other commonly used methods employed toderive kinetic or physical constants (e.g., re-duced viscosity plots, plots used to determinesedimentation velocity) need not be shown ex-cept in unusual circumstances. Limit illustra-tions (particularly photomicrographs and elec-tron micrographs) to those that are absolutelynecessary to demonstrate the experimental find-ings. Number figures and tables in the order inwhich they are cited in the text, and be sure tocite all figures and tables.

Discussion. The Discussion should providean interpretation of the results in relation topreviously published work and to the experi-mental system at hand. It should not containextensive repetition of the Results section orreiteration of the Introduction. In short papers,the Results and Discussion sections may be com-bined.

Literature Cited. Arrange the LiteratureCited section in alphabetical order, by first au-thor, and number consecutively. (Abbreviatejournal names according to Bibliographic Guidefor Editors & Authors, American Chemical So-ciety, 1974.) Cite each listed reference by num-ber in the text.The following types of references are not valid

for listing: unpublished data, personal commu-nications, manuscript in preparation, manu-script submitted, "in press" references, pam-p'hlets, abstracts, patents, and theses. Referencesto such sources should be made parentheticallyin the text. An "in press" reference to an ASMpublication should state the control number(e.g., JCM 123) or the name of the publication,if it is a book.

Follow styles shown in the examples below.

1. Agger, W. A., and D. G. Maki. 1978. Efficacy ofdirect Gram stain in differentiating staphylo-cocci from streptococci in blood cultures positivefor gram-positive cocci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 7:111-113.

2. Berry, L. J., R. N. Moore, K. J. Goodrum, andR. E. Couch, Jr. 1977. Cellular requirementsfor enzyme inhibition by endotoxin in mice, p.321-325. In D. Schlessinger (ed.), Microbiol-ogy-1977. American Society for Microbiology,Washington, D.C.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

3. Finegold, S. M., E. E. Shepherd, and E. H.Spaulding. 1977. Cumitech 5. Practical anaer-obic bacteriology. Coordinating ed., W. E. Shep-herd. American Society for Microbiology, Wash-ington, D.C.

4. Gill, T. J., III. 1976. Principles of radioimmunoas-say, p. 169-171. In N. R. Rose and H. Friedman(ed.), Manual of clinical immunology. AmericanSociety for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

5. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagalesnomen novum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N.E. Gibbons (ed.), Bergey's manual of determi-native bacteriology, 8th ed. The Williams & Wil-kins Co., Baltimore.

6. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular ge-netics, p. 352-355. Cold Spring Harbor Labora-tory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.

7. Sacks, L. E. 1973. Influence of intra- and extracel-lular cations on the germination of bacterialspores, p. 437-442. In H. 0. Halvorson, R. Han-son, and L. L. Campbell (ed.), Spores V. Ameri-can Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

Parenthetic references in the text sould becited as follows:... and protects the organisms against oxygentoxicity (H. P. Misra and I. Fridovich, Fed. Proc.35:1686, 1976).... system was used (W. E. Scowcroft, A. H.Gibson, and J. D. Pagan, Biochem. Biophys.Res. Commun., in press) ...... in linkage group XIV (R. D. Smyth, Ph.D.thesis, University of California, Los Angeles,1972).. . . in poly mitochondria (S. E. Mainzer and C.W. Slayman, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Mi-crobiol. 1976, K15, p. 139).

Acknowledgments. Acknowledgments forfinancial assistance and for personal assistanceshould be given in two separate paragraphs. Theusual format for acknowledgment of grant sup-port is as follows: "This work was supported byPublic Health Service grant CA-01234 from theNational Cancer Institute."

NotesSubmit Notes in same way as full-length pa-

pers. They receive the same review, and theyare not published more rapidly than full-lengthpapers, nor should they be considered prelimi-nary communications. The Note format is in-tended for the presentation of brief observationsthat do not warrant full-length papers.Each Note must have an abstract of no more

than 25 words. No section headings are used inthe body of the Note, and methods, results, anddiscussion are combined. The text should notexceed 1,000 words, and the number of figuresand tables should be kept to a minimum. Ac-knowledgments should be presented as in full-

length papers, but no separate heading is used.The Literature Cited section is identical to thatof full-length papers.

ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES

PhotographsSubmit electron micrographs, photographs of

polyacrylamide gels, etc., sized to fit a journalpage (i.e., 6.5 cm wide for single column, 14 cmwide for double column, maximum). Photo-graphs should be cropped by the author to in-clude only the significant portion of the illustra-tion. They must be of sufficient contrast andmagnification to withstand the inevitable loss ofcontrast and detail inherent in the printing proc-ess. Indicate the magnification of each photo-micrograph with a scale marker on the electronmicrograph.

Line DrawingsSubmit graphs, charts, diagrams, and other

line drawings as photographs made from fin-ished drawings not requiring additional artworkor typesetting. No part of the graph or drawingshould be type-written. Use a lettering set orother professional quality device for all labeling.Most graphs will be reduced to one-columnwidth (6.5 cm), and all elements in the drawingshould be prepared to withstand any necessaryreduction. Avoid very heavy letters, which tendto close up when reduced, and unusual symbols,which the printer may not be able to reproducein the legend. Symbols and lettering should beof equivalent size; do not use large letters andsmall symbols or vice versa. Direct readoutsfrom computers, recorders, etc., are not usuallyacceptable; such materials should be redrawn.

In figure ordinate and abscissa scales (as wellas table column headings), avoid ambiguous useof numbers with exponents. In the majority ofcases, it is preferable to use the appropriate SIsymbols (,u for 106, m for 10-3, k for 103, M for106, etc.). A complete listing of SI symbols canbe found in the International Union of Pure andApplied Chemistry (IUPAC) "Manual of Sym-bols and Terminology for PhysicochemicalQuantities and Units" (Pure Appl. Chem. 21:3-44, 1970). Thus a representation of 20,000 cpmon a figure ordinate is to be made by the number20, accompanied by a label kcpm.Where powers of 10 must be employed, atten-

tion is directed to the fact that the editorial styleof the Journal follows the CBE Style Manualrecommendation which differs from the conven-tions used by several other journals. The CBEStyle Manual suggests that the exponent power

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

be associated with number shown. In represent-ing 2 x 107 cells per ml, the correct designationwould be 2, labeled as 107 cells per ml, not cellsper ml x 10-7. Likewise, an enzyme activity of0.06 U/ml would be shown as 6, accompanied bythe label 10-2 U/ml. An equivalent designationwould be 60, labeled as munits (or milliunits)per ml. Figures that do not conform with theserecommendations may be returned to the au-thor, and this may result in a delay in publica-tion.

Figure LegendsType figure legends on a page separate from

the illustrations. Provide enough information sothat the figure is understandable without fre-quent reference to the text. However, do notrepeat experimental methods in the legend. De-fme all symbols and abbreviations used in thefigure. Common abbreviations and others usedfrequently in preceding text need not be rede-fined in the legend.

TablesType each table on a separate page. Arrange

the data so that columns of like material readdown, not across. The headings should be suffi-ciently clear so that the meaning of the data willbe understandable without reference to the text.See the "Abbreviations" section of these instruc-tions for those that may be used in tables. Ex-planatory footnotes are acceptable, but theyshould not include extensive descriptions of theexperiment. A well-constructed table is shownbelow:

TABLE 1. Correlation between detection of V-Zviral antibody by neutralization and by

EIA and IAHA'Sera with V-Z neu-tralizing antibody: Coirelation

Antibody.Positive Negative(53) b (68)

EIAPositive 50 4Negative 3 64

IAHAPositive' 37 0 87Negative 16 68a Sera from individuals without evidence of a cur-

rent V-Z virus infection.bTiter >-1:4. Parentheses indicate number of sera.' Titer -1:8

Camera-Ready CopyDrawings, tables, chemical formulas, etc., that

can be photographically reproduced for publi-

cation without further typesetting or artworkare referred to as "camera ready." Such copymay also be prepared for complicated mathe-matical or physical formulas, portions of geneticmaps, diagrams, and flow schemes. Camera-ready copy must be carefully prepared to con-form with style standards of the Journal. Theadvantage to submitting camera-ready copy isthat the material will appear exactly as envi-sioned by the author, and no second proofread-ing is necessary. This is partiularly true wherethere are long, complicated tables, and wherethe division of material and spacing are impor-tant.

NOMENCLATURE

Chemical and Biochemical NomenclatureThe recognized authority for the names of

chemical compounds is Chemical Abstracts(Chemical Abstracts Service, Ohio State Uni-versity, Columbus) and its indexes. Biochemicalterminology, including abbreviations and sym-bols, follows the recommendations of theIUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical No-menclature.Do not express molecular weights in daltons.

For enzymes, use the trivial name assigned bythe IUPAC/IUB Commission on BiochemicalNomenclature as described in Enzyme Nomen-clature (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1972)and supplement (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 429:1-45, 1976). Use the EC number when it hasbeen assigned, and express enzyme activity inkatals (preferred) or in the older system of"y[mol/min."For summaries of the recommendations and

guidelines to the use of abbreviations and ter-minology related to the IUPAC-IUB recommen-dations, consult the following: Instructions toAuthors of Journal ofBiological Chemistry andArchives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (firstissues of each year), and the Handbook of Bio-chemistry and Molecular Biology (G. D. Fas-man, ed., Chemical Rubber Company, Cleve-land, 3rd ed., 1976).

Nomenclature of MicroorganismsBinary nomenclature consisting of a generic

name and specific epithet (e.g., Escherichia coli)must be used for all microorganisms. Names ofgenera and higher categories may be used alone,but a specific epithet must be preceded by ageneric name the first time it is used in a paper.Thereafter, the genus name may be abbreviatedto the initial capital letter (e.g., E. coli), providedthere can be no confusion with other generaused in the paper. Names of all taxa (phyla,

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

classes, orders, families, genera, species, subspe-cies) are printed in italics; strain designationsand numbers are not.

In general, the nomenclature of bacteriashould follow that presented in Bergey's Man-ual ofDeterminative Bacteriology (8th ed., TheWilliams & Wilkins Co., 1974). If an authorwishes to challenge this nomenclature, his judg-ment will be followed, but the name given inBergey's Manual should follow in parenthesesthe first time the name is used in both the textand the abstract.

It is recommended that a strain be depositedin a recognized culture collection when thatstrain is necessary for the description of a newtaxon (see Bacteriological Code, 1976 Revision,American Society for Microbiology, 1975).

Since the classification of fungi is so far fromcomplete, it is the responsibility of the author todetermine the currently accepted binomial namefor a given yeast or fungus. Sources for thespelling of these names include The Yeasts (J.Lodder, ed., North-Holland Publishing Co., Am-sterdam, 1970) and Ainsworth and Bisby's Dic-tionary of the Fungi (Commonwealth Mycol-ogical Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1963).

Genetic NomenclatureBacteria. The genetic properties of bacteria

are described in terms of phenotypes and geno-types. The phenotype designation, generallyused as an adverb, describes some measurableproperty of a gene or mutation, whereas thegenotype, generally used as a noun, is the nameapplied to the genetic locus of a gene or muta-tion. Use the recommendations of Demerec etal. (Genetics 54:61-74, 1966) as a guide in em-ploying these terms. If your manuscript containsinformation including genetic nomenclature,please refer to the January issue of the Journalof Bacteriology for further Instructions to Au-thors.Keep in mind the distinction between a mu-

tation (an alteration of the primary sequence ofthe genetic material) and a mutant (a straincarrying one or more mutations). One may speakabout the mapping of a mutation, but one cannot"map a mutant." Likewise, a mutant has nogenetic locus-only a phenotype.

Viruses. The rules for genetic nomenclatureof viruses (bacteriophages) differ from those forbacteria. In most instances, viruses have no phe-notype, since they have no metabolism outsideof host cells. Therefore, distinctions betweenphenotype and genotype cannot be made. As ageneral rule, the entire description of a virus isitalicized, including the designations am (amber)or sus and ts (temperature sensitive). Super-

scripts are employed to indicate hybrid genomes.Genetic symbols may be one, two, or three let-ters.

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS

AbbreviationsDo not use abbreviations in titles, and limit

their use in abstracts. In the text, define eachabbreviation and introduce it in parentheses thefirst time it is used; for example, "Cultures weregrown in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) ...." Ab-breviations should be used as an aid to thereader, rather than as a convenience to the au-thor, and therefore their use should be limited.Any abbreviations other than those recom-mended by the IUPAC-IUB should be used onlywhere a case can be made for necessity, such asin tables and figures.

It is often possible to use pronouns or toparaphrase a long word after its first use (e.g.,"the drug," "the substrate"). Standard chemicalsymbols, numerical multiples (e.g., Me2SO fordimethyl sulfoxide), and trivial names or theirsymbols (folate, Ala, Leu, etc.) may be used forterms that appear in full in the neighboring text.Do not abbreviate the names of enzymes exceptin terms of substrates for which accepted abbre-viations exist: thus, ATPase or RNase are ac-ceptable, but LDH, GPDH, and ACE are not.Standard units of measurement and chemical

symbols of the elements will be accepted with-out definition in the text. Abbreviations for cellline designations (e.g., HeLa cells) also need notbe defined.The following abbreviations may be used

without definition in table headings:amt (amount) no. (number)approx (approximately) prepn (preparation)avg (average) sp act (specific activity)concn (concentration) sp g (specific gravity)diam (diameter) temp (temperature)expt (experiment) tr (trace)ht (height) vs (versus)mo (month) wt (weight)mol wt (molecular yr (year)

weight)

Reporting Numerical DataStandard metric units are used for reporting

length, weight, and volume. For these units andfor molarity, use the prefixes m, ,t, n, and p (for1o-3, 10-6, 10-9, and 10-l2, respectively). Like-wise, use the prefix k (for 103). Avoid compoundprefixes such as mu or,uI. Use ,ug/ml or ,ug/g inplace of the ambiguous ppm. Units of tempera-ture are presented as follows: 37°C or 324°K.When fractions are used to express units such

as enzymatic activities, it is preferable to use

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

whole units, such as g or min, in the denominatorinstead of fractional or multiple units such asAg of 10 min. For example, "pmol/min" wouldbe preferable to "pmol/10 min," and ",mol/g"would be preferable to "nmol/tLg." It is alsopreferable that an unambiguous form such asthe exponential notation be used in place ofmultiple slashes; for example, ",umol g-1 min-l"is preferable to ",umol/g per min."See the CBE Style Manual, 4th edition, for

more detailed information regarding the report-ing of numbers. Also contained in this source isinformation on the appropriate SI quantities tobe used for reporting illumination, energy, fre-quency, and other physical terms. Always reportnumerical data in the appropriate SI unit.

Isotopically Labeled CompoundsFor simple molecules, the labeling is indicated

in the chemical formula (e.g., 14C02, 3H20,H235SO4). Brackets are not employed when theisotopic symbol is attached to a word that is nota specific chemical name (e.g., "3'I-labeled pro-

tein, "4C-amino acids, 3H-ligands, etc.).For specific chemicals, the symbol for the

isotope introduced is placed in square bracketsdirectly attached to the front of the name orword. The following examples illustrate correctusage:

['4C]ureaL-[methyl-'4C]methio-

nine[2,3-3H]serine

[a-14C]lysine

[ U-'4C]glucoseE. coli [32P]DNA

fructose 1,6-[1-32P]bisphos-phate

Note that the isotopic prefix precedes the partof the name that describes the labeled entityand that configuration symbols and modifiersprecede the isotope symbol. This journal followsthe same conventions for isotopic labeling as theJournal of Biological Chemistry, and more de-tailed information can be found in the Instruc-tions to Authors of that journal (first issue ofeach year).

1979 Student MembershipAmerican Society for Microbiology

1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

Any regularly matriculated student major in microbiology or a related field is eligible for election as a Student Member.Student Members have all privileges of membership except the right to vote and hold office in the Society.

Student Members receive the monthly ASM News and are entitled to subscribe to the Society's journals at memberrates.Memberships are initiated and renewed as of 1 January each year. Unless there are directions to the contrary, membership

nominations received prior to 1 November will be credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publicationsfor the current year will be furnished if available. Nominations received after 1 November will become effective on thefollowing 1 January.

NAME

City State Zip Code Phone No.

Highest Degree Yr. of Birth Sex

School

Major field of study

Signature of Nominee

Signature of chairman of major dept.

* Nominated by: (1)

(Society members) (2)

* If the department chairman is a member of the Society, only one additional nominating signature is required.

1. 1979 Dues (includes ASM News)............................................................ $2.50

2. Additional journals may be subscribed to at the following rates. Please enter thehigher rate (column B) if you reside outside the U.S. and its possessions.

Journal of Bacteriology (JB)...........................................

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AAC)...........................

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM)..........................

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB)......................Journal of Virology (JVI).............................................Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM)..................................Microbiological Reviews (MR).........................................

Infection and Immunity (IAI)..........................................3. TOTAL and Remit..................................................

A B1. $22 $30

2. $16 $19

3. $17 $22

4. $15 $15 _

5. $21 $26

6. $16 $19

7. $9 $10

9. $21 $26

$

RATES ARE FOR 1979 ONLYPlease enclose payment with application.

A joint effort by members ofthe American Societyfor Microbiology and the American Association of ImmunologistsThis definitive and much needed new book is a companion volume to the highly acclaimed Manual ofClinical Microbiolog_, 2nd Edition. It has been written to provide a current, comprehensive, anddefinitive source of information about the best methods for conducting specific immunological tests inlaboratory immunology. It dears exclusively with the applications of immunology to the detection andanalysis of a wide variety of diseases, including, but not limited to, those induced by microorganisms.The clinical interpretations of each procedure are detailed, and pitfalls and problems in performing thevarious analyses are discussed.The contents, by section, are: Tests for humoral components of the immunological response -Tests

for cellular components of the immunological response - Immunoassays - Bacterial, mycotic, andparasitic immunology - Viral, rickettsial, and chlamydial immunology- Immunohematology --

Laboratory examination of patients with allergic and immunodeficiency diseases - Autoimmunediseases - Tumor immunology - Transplantation immunology - Licensure and certificationprograms in clinical immunology laboratories.

Publication date: 16 August 1976. 932 pages. Available in two bindings:Cloth, at $20.00 (ISBN: 0-914826-09-3). Flexible, at $16.00 (ISBN: 0-914826-09-3).(.Note: Members ol ASM tna lpurchase this hook at the special mnem?ber discouto l)ri( oefoS .2.0) (loth. S10.00 flex-ible. Memberpurchases areJ(r personal use on/Y. PaYment mnust accompanY member orders.)

Published and AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGYdistributed by: 1913 I Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006

INDEX TO ADVERTISERSPage

* Analytab Products ..................... Cover 2* Becton-Dickinson ..................... 23* Clinical Sciences, Inc..................... Cover 4

* Difco Laboratories ..................... 28

General Diagnostics ..................... 15

* Marion Scientific ..................... 27

Micro-Media Systems ..................... Cover 3

Pharmacia Diagnostics ..................... 25

* Roche Diagnostics ..................... 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22

Wellcome Reagents Limited ..................... 12, 13

* Sustaining Member, American Society for Microbiology.

Advertising in this journal is limited to products and services believed to be of interest to the readers. However, ASM doesnot test nor examine advertised products nor claims related thereto. Therefore, ASM endorsement or approval of advertisedproducts should not be inferred.

fill---

I

1979 Full Membership -American Society for Microbiology

1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

The Society welcomes to full membership any person who is interested in its objects, and who holds a bachelor'sdegree in microbiology or a related field (or who has had training and experience equivalent to that represented by abachelor's degree).The minimum annual membership assessment is $28 which includes a $3 membership fee, $4 for subscription to

ASM News, and $21 toward subscriptions to the Society's scientific journals. The Society publishes eight scientificjournals (listed below). Members may subscribe to one or more of these journals at special member rates; $21 of theminimum dues payment of $28 may be credited towards journal subscriptions. In addition, the Society publishes themonthly ASM News, which is sent to all members and contains news and announcements of interest to all microbiologists.Memberships are initiated and renewed as of 1 January each year. Unless there are directions to the contrary, member-

ship nominations received prior to 1 November will be credited to the current year, and back issues of the selectedpublications for the current year will be furnished if available. Nominations received after 1 November will becomeeffective on the following 1 January.

First Name Initial Last Name

Address

Area Code

City State Zip Code Phone No.

Highest Degree Year Major Yr. Birth Sex

Granting Institution

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Signature of Nominee

Nominated by(Signature of Society member)

I. 1. Membership Fee ($3.00) and ASM News ($4.00)................................................ $7.00

2. Additional journals may be subscribed to at the following rates. Please enter thehigher rate (column B) if you reside outside the U.S. and its possessions.

A BL] 0

Journal of Bacteriology (JB)............................................. 1. $22 $30

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AAC)............................ 2. $16 $19

Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM)........................... 3. $17 $22

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJSB)....................... 4. $15 $15

Journal of Virology (JVI).............................................. 5. $21 $26

Journal of Clinical Microbiology (JCM)................................... 6. $16 $19

Microbiological Reviews (MR).......................................... 7. $9 $10

Infection and Immunity (IAI)........................................... 9. $21 $26

3. Total dues and journals from lines 1 and 2 (MINIMUM PAYMENT $28) -.........II El Check this block if you prefer to receive only ASM News and remit $28.

RATES ARE FOR 1979 ONLYPlease enclose payment with application.