OEF training 20140115

Training on Organisation Environmental FootprintEuropean Commission, Brussels15 January 2014

1

Agenda

• Introductory round table• Objectives of the training• The process of creating a OEFSR• Phases of a OEF study

– Goal of the OEF study– Scope of the OEF study

o Definition of the OEF sectoro Definition of the “representative organisation” model

– Resource use and emissions profile– Environmental Footprint Impact Assessment– Interpretation of OEF results

2

Introduction

3

Objectives of the training

• Provide guidance on how to conduct an Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF) study following the OEF Guide with focus on the development of the draft OEFSR

• Provide guidance for defining the OEF sector• Provide guidance for defining the “representative organisation”

model• Special attention to the OEF screening

4

2nd face to face training will focus on conducting OEF studies following the specific OEFSR developed for each pilot

The Single Market for Green Products Initiative

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council COM(2013) 196 published on 9 April 2013

• Establishes and recommends two methods to measure environmental performance throughout the life cycle, the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) and the Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF)

• Provides principles for communicating environmental performance, such as transparency, reliability, completeness, comparability and clarity

• Supports international efforts towards more coordination in methodological development and data availability

• Announces a three‐year testing period to develop product‐ and sector‐specific rules (PEFCRs and OEFSRs) through a multi‐stakeholder process

5

Purpose of OEFSRs

Definition:• OEFSR ‐ acronym of Organisation Environmental Footprint Sector Rules• “Sector‐specific, life cycle based rules that complement general

methodological guidance for OEF studies by providing further specification at the sectorial level.”

Purpose: • To provide sector‐specific guidance for calculating and reporting an

organisation’s life cycle environmental impacts• To focus in the most important parameters in determining the

environmental performace of an organisation in the given sector• To allow the comparability between OEF calculations within the same

sector

6

The process of creating a OEFSR

7

Final OEFSR

Confirmation of benchmark(s) anddetermination of performance classes

OEFSR supporting study

Draft OEFSR

OEF screening

Define the “model” organisation based on representative organisation

Define OEF sector

Focus during this training From PEFCR guidance document untilrevised version of OEFSR guidance is

available

The Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF)

• is a multi‐criteria measure of the environmental performance of a goods/service‐providing organisation from a life cycle perspective

The OEF Guide provides a method for modelling the environmental impacts of the flows

of material/energy and the emissions and waste streams associated with an organisation from a life cycle perspective.

guidance on how to calculate a OEF, as well as how to develop sector‐specific methodological requirements for use in Organisation Environmental Footprint Category Rules (OEFSRs).

8

Phases of a OEF study

9

Environm

entalFoo

tprin

t Re

view

Define goals of OEF study

Define scope of OEF study

Create the Resource Useand Emissions Profile

Conduct the EnvironmentalFootprint Impact

Assessment

Environmental Footprint Interpretation and

Reporting

Relation between OEF study & OEFSR developmentEnvironm

entalFoo

tprin

t Re

view

Define goals of OEF study

Define scope of OEF study

Create the Resource Useand Emissions Profile

Conduct the EnvironmentalFootprint Impact

Assessment

Environmental Footprint Interpretation and

Reporting

10

Draft OEFSR

OEF screening

Define Organisation “model” based on representative

organisation

Define the sector

Goal of the OEF study

Phase in which the aims, breadth and depth of the study are established.

11

Defin

egoals o

f OEF stud

y

Intended application(s)

Reason(s) for carrying out the study

Target audience(s)

Comparative studydisclosed to the public?

Commissioner

Review procedure andrequirements (if applicable)

Goal

Scope RU&EP EFIA Interpretation

Goal of the OEF study ‐ Example

Aspects DetailIntended application(s): Corporate sustainability reporting

Reasons for carrying out the study

Demonstrate commitment to and practice of continuous improvement

Target audience Customers

Comparative study to be disclosed to the public?

No, it will be publicly available but it is not intended to be used for comparisons or comparative assertions

Commissioner of the study G Company Ltd.

Review Independent external reviewer, Mr. Y

12Goal


Goal of the OEF study – requirements

For OEF study For developing OEFSRs• Intended application(s)• Reasons for carrying out the study

and decision context• Target audience• Whether comparisons and/or

comparative assertions are to be disclosed to the public

• Commissioner of the study• Review procedure (if applicable)

• Specification of review requirements for a OEF study

• Communication is automatically part of the goals, given the obligatory communication phase

13Goal


Scope of the OEF study

Phase in which the scope of the OEF study, the system to be evaluated and the associated analytical specifications are described in detail.

Defin

escop

e of OEF stud

y

Definition of organisationand product portfolio

System boundaries for OEF studies

Select EF Impact Categories

Select additionalenvironmental information

Assumptions/Limitations

14Goal

Scope

RU&EP EFIA Interpretation

Definition of Organisation and product portfolio

What is the “Unit of Analysis” for an OrganisationalEnvironmental Footprint?

• The Organisation…• … as goods/service provider…• … one year reporting interval

Unit of Analysis: Organisation with reference to the Product Portfolio and reporting year

Goal

Scope


15

Defining the Organisation – Example 1

• Organisation: Company X• Goods/Services provided: T‐shirts and trousers• Location(s): Paris, Berlin, Milan• NACE code(s): 14

Goal

Scope


16

Sections: an alphabetical codeDivisions: a two‐digit numerical code Groups: a three‐digit numerical code Classes: a four‐digit numerical code

C: Manufactured products14: Wearing apparel

Product Portfolio

• The product portfolio is the amount and nature of goods and services provided by the Organisation in the reporting year in terms of “what” and “how much”.

• For modeling use and end‐of‐life scenarios, information on “how well” and “for how long” with respect to product performance shall also be provided.

Goal

Scope


17

Product Portfolio – Example 1

Goal

Scope


18

Defining the Organisation – Example 2

• Organisation: Company X• Goods/Services provided: T‐shirts, trousers, handbags, shoes• Location(s): Paris, Berlin, Milan• NACE code(s): 14 & 15

Goal

Scope


19

Sections: an alphabetical codeDivisions: a two‐digit numerical code Groups: a three‐digit numerical code Classes: a four‐digit numerical code

C: Manufactured products14: Wearing apparel AND 15: Leather and related products

Product Portfolio – Example 2

Goal

Scope


Part of product portfolio for which OEF study is carried out

Defining the organisation (Unit of Analysis) ‐requirements

For OEF study

The Organisation shall be defined according to the following:

• The name of the Organisation

• The kinds of goods/services the Organisation produces

• The NACE code(s)

Goal

Scope


21

Product Portfolio ‐ requirements

For OEF study For developing OEFSRs• Product Portfolio shall be defined

as the amount and nature of goods and services provided by the Organisation over the reporting interval in terms of “what” and “how much”.

• It shall be justified and reported if an OEF is limited to a subset of the Product Portfolio.

• OEFSR shall further specify how the Product Portfolio is defined, with respect to “how well” and “for how long”.

Goal

Scope


22

Definition of OEF sector

For developing an OEFSR, one must first define a unit of analysis and then identify the related NACE code (at least 2 digits).– The sector shall be defined with reference to the characteristic

sectorial Product Portfolio using NACE codes

Sector for which the OEFSR apply• by using descriptive language and• with the relevant CPA/NACE code.

23Goal

Scope


Definition of sector – Example of wearing apparel

24

Sections: an alphabetical codeDivisions: a two‐digit numerical code Groups: a three‐digit numerical codeClasses: a four‐digit numerical code

Description of sector: What: Manufacture of all tailoring (ready‐to‐wear or made‐to‐measure), in all materials (e.g. fabric, knitted and crocheted fabrics etc.), except fur and leather, of outerwear and underwear for men, women or children; city or casual clothing. How well: Wear once a week and use washing machine at 30 degrees for cleaning once weekly, the energy use of the washing machine equals 0.72 MJ/kg of clothing and the water use 10 l/kg clothing for one wash cycle.How long: Use stage of five years

Goal

Scope


C: Manufacturing14: Manufacture of wearing apparel14.1: Manufacture of wearing apparel, except for fur apparel14.13 Manufacture of other outerwear 14.14 Manufacture of underwear

Classification systems

25Goal

Scope


System boundaries for OEF studies

• System boundaries shall include both:– Organisational boundaries– OEF boundaries

26Goal

Scope


Why Organisational Boundaries and OEF boundaries?

• Why define Organisational AND OEF boundaries?– Defining Organisational boundaries is a necessary component of

defining the unit of analysis (functional unit and Product Portfolio)– Very helpful in structuring data collection (must collect specific data

for all facilities within Organisational boundaries)

• OEF boundaries necessary for modeling the supply chain

Goal

Scope


27

System boundaries ‐ Example of garment manufacturer

Goal

Scope


28

Organisational Boundaries

Organisational boundaries shall encompass all of the facilities and activities that the

Organisation owns and/or operates that contribute to the Product Portfolio during the

reporting interval.

Goal

Scope


29

OEF boundaries ‐ Example of garment manufacturer

Shall be included

Should be included

(exclusion shall be justified)

Goal

Scope


30

Covering the whole value chain is the rule, excluding downstream is the exception. Consumption and end of life need to be included when it is possible to model use and waste scenarios.An acceptable justification for excluding downstream activities would be e.g. intermediate product fit for many uses, impossible to construct realistic consumption and waste scenarios.

Organisational Boundaries

For OEF study For developing OEFSRs

• Organisational boundaries for calculating the OEF shall encompass all the facilities/activities that the Organisation owns and/or operates AND that contribute to the Product Portfolio during the reporting interval.

• OEFSR shall specify the characteristic processes/activities/facilities of the sector to be included in the Organisational boundaries.

• OEFSR shall also specify characteristic processes/activities within the Organisational boundaries, but which are not necessary for the functioning of the Organisation. These shall be included in the analysis, but reported separately.

Goal

Scope


31

OEF Boundaries


• OEF boundaries shall include site level and upstream activities associated with Product Portfolio. Justification shall be provided if downstream activities are excluded.

• For Organisations producing intermediate products, the use stage may be excluded from the analysis.

• Employee transport shall be included in the analysis, even if these are indirect activities.

• OEFSR shall specify the OEF boundary of the supply chain stages to be included; and the direct and indirect processes/activities to be included in OEF study. Any deviation from the default cradle‐to‐grave approach shall explicitly be specified and justified.

Goal

Scope


32

EF impact categories and assessment methods

• A default set of 14 midpoint impact categories shall be considered

• Default set of midpoint LCIA methods recommended in the ILCD Handbook shall be used

33Goal

Scope


EF impact categories and assessment methods –requirements

34


• All of the specified default EF impact categories and associated specified EF impact assessment models shall be applied

• Any exclusion shall be explicitly documented, justified, reported in the OEF report and supported by appropriate documents. The influence of any exclusion on the final results, especially related to limitations in terms of comparability with other OEF studies, shall be discussed in the interpretation phase and reported. Such exclusions are subject to review.

• OEFSRs shall specify and justify any exclusion of the default EF impact categories, especially those related to the aspects of comparability.

Goal

Scope


Additional environmental information

• If the default set of EF impact categories or the default impact assessment models do not properly cover the potential environmental impacts of the Organisation being evaluated, all related relevant (qualitative/quantitative) environmental aspects shall be additionally included.

• The supporting models of these additional categories shall be clearly referenced and documented with the corresponding indicators.

35Goal

Scope


Additional environmental information –requirements

36


• Based on information that is substantiated and has been reviewed or verified, in accordance with the requirements of ISO 14020 and Clause 5 of ISO 14021:1999

• Specific, accurate and not misleading• Relevant to the particular Organisation

category• Emissions made directly into marine water

shall be included in the additional environmental information (at inventory level)

• All data needed to produce additional environmental information shall meet the same quality requirements established for the data used to calculate the OEF results

• Shall only be related to environmental issues

• To specify and justify additional environmental information that is to be included in the OEF study

• Additional information to be reported separately from the life‐cycle based OEF results, with all methods and assumptions clearly documented

Goal

Scope


Assumptions and limitations – requirements

37


• All limitations and assumptions shall be transparently reported.

• The OEFSRs shall report Organisationcategory‐specific limitations and define the assumptions necessary to overcome the limitations.

Goal

Scope


Definition of the “representative organisation”

• Representative organisation existing in the EU market and belonging to the OEF sector defined

• May or may not be a real organisation active on the market– when technologies and the composition of Production Portfolios within the sector are

varied, the “representative organisation” may be a virtual (non‐existing) organisationwith the average EU sales‐weighted characteristics of all technologies around, using the Product Portfolio as a reference

– if the market and technical information is incomplete, a real organisation may be chosen

38Goal

Scope


Definition of “representative organisation” model

• The “representative organisation” model report should include:1. Specify if it is a real or a virtual organisation2. Description of the Product Portfolio3. Bill of materials (BOM) if appropriate4. System boundary diagram 5. Assumptions related to transportation systems6. Assumptions related to use scenario (if relevant)7. Assumptions related to end of life (if relevant)

• The screening shall be carried out by the Technical Secretariat based on the “representative organisation”.

39

The choice and modelling of the representative organisation shall be discussed with the relevant stakeholders during the first physical consultation meeting.

Goal

Scope


Representative Organisation ‐ ExampleThe “representative organisation”:1. Virtual Organisation2. Product Portfolio:

– What and how much: • 20.000 t‐shirts made of polyester, 30.000 t‐shirts made of cotton, etc.• 30.000 trousers made of polyester, 20.000 trousers made of polyester, etc.

• …suits … jackets …pyjamas– How long: use stage of 5 years– How well: wear once per week and use washing machine at 30 degrees Celsius

for cleaning once weekly, the energy use of the washing machine equals 0.72 MJ/kg clothing and the water use 10 litres/kg clothing for one wash cycle.

3. Bill of materials (BOM): x ton of polyester, y ton of cotton, etc.

40

Representative Organisation ‐ ExampleThe “representative organisation”:4. System boundary diagram5. Assumptions related to transportation

scenario: transported by truck within Europe, z tkm

6. Assumptions related to use scenario: wear once per week and use washing machine at 30oC for cleaning once weekly, the energy use of the washing machine equals 0.72 MJ/kg clothing and the water use 10 litres/kg clothing for one wash cycle

6. Assumptions related to End of Life: 10% re‐use, 15% recycling, 75% incineration and 5% landfill (average Europe)

41

Resource use and emissions profile

Phase involving the compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs, for a given Organisation system throughout its life cycle

42

Resource use

andem

ission

profile

Screening step (recommended)

Data management plan (optional)

Resource use andemissions profile data

Data qualityrequirements

Specific vs genericdata collection

Data gaps

Multi‐functionalprocesses

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Resource use and emissions profile

• An inventory (profile) of all material/energy resource inputs/outputs and emissions into air, water and soil for the Organisation supply chain shall be compiled.

• The flows included can be categorised as: – Elementary flows ‐ “material or energy entering the system being studied that

has been drawn from the environment without previous human transformation, or material or energy leaving the system being studied that is released into the environment without subsequent human transformation.” (ISO 14040:2006, 3.12)

– Non‐elementary (or complex) flows ‐ all the remaining inputs (e.g. electricity, materials, transport processes) and outputs (e.g. waste, by‐Organisations) in a system that require further modelling efforts to be transformed into elementary flows. These shall be transformed into elementary flows.

43Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Two steps to compile the Resource Use and Emissions Profile

Screening step•Use readily available specific or generic data to populate the Resource Use and Emissions Profile

•Apply the environmental footprint impact assessment methods

Completing the Resource Use and Emissions Profile

•Ensure that the data collected meet the data quality requirements and, where necessary, collect better data

• Transform any remaining non‐elementary flows into elementary flows

1.

2.

44Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

RU&EP – 1. Screening step

• Identify the processes contributing to at least 90% of the environmentalimpact because these will need to meet data quality requirements

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

45

RU&EP – 1. Screening step – requirements

46


• Readily available specific and/or generic data shall be used

• All processes and activities to be considered in the RU&EP shall be included

• Specify processes to be included• Specify for which processes specific

data are required, and for which the use of generic data is either permissible or required

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Direct activities and impacts

Direct impacts: impacts from resources that are owned/operated by the Organisation (i.e. site level activities)

• Capital equipment when built/produced by the Organisation • Generation of energy from combustion of fuels in stationary sources• Physical or chemical processing • Disposal and treatment of waste • Emissions from intentional or unintentional releases • Other site‐specific activities• Transportation in vehicles owned and/or operated by the Organisation,

including transport of materials from supplier, business travel, employee commuting, etc.

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

47

Linear depreciation of capital goods

• Example of yarn machine:– Technical lifetime of yarn roasting machine is 15 years– Impact in reporting year: life cycle impact of yarn machine/15 years

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

48

Accounting for electricity use from the grid

• Electricity use from the grid upstream or within the defined Organisational boundaries shall be modeled as precisely as possible:1. Using supplier‐specific data, if available2. Country‐specific consumption mix in which life cycle stages occur

• Green electricity: avoid double counting!A statement of the supplier shall be included as Annex to the OEF report

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

49

Transport scenarios – mandatory parameters

1. Transport mode1. Transport mode

2. Vehicle type + fuel cons.2. Vehicle type + fuel cons.

3. Load rate3. Load rate

4. Number of empty returns4. Number of empty returns

5. Transport distance5. Transport distance

6. Allocation – goods transport6. Allocation – goods transport

7. Fuel production7. Fuel production

Land

Lorry, van, car

actual /full load = 0 to 1

distance travelled empty/ distance travelled for product

Average transport distance in certain context

Based on load limiting factor: mass or volume

Default values from database

Land, water, air

Lorry > 16 t32 l diesel on 100 km

0.95

0.5

150 km

N/A

ELCD

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation50

Requirements for transport scenarios

51


• Transport parameters that shall be taken into account: − transport type− vehicle type and fuel consumption− load rate− number of empty returns− transport distance− allocation for goods transport

based on load‐ limiting factor− fuel production

• Impacts shall be expressed in tkm for goods and person‐km for passenger transport.

• The OEFSRs shall specify transport, distribution and storage scenarios to be included in the OEF study, if any.

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Indirectly Attributable Upstream Activities

Indirect impacts of upstream activities refer to use of materials, energy and emissions associated with goods/services sourced upstream of the Organisation in support of producing the Product Portfolio.

• Extraction of raw materials • Extraction, production and transportation of purchased capital equipment• Extraction, production and transportation of purchased electricity, steam and

heating/cooling energy;• Extraction, production and transportation of purchased materials and fuels• Disposal and treatment of waste generated on site when processed in facilities not

owned and/or operated by the Organisation;• Transportation in vehicles NOT owned and/or operated by the Organisation,

including transport of materials from supplier, business travel, employee commuting, etc.

• Any other upstream process/activity

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

52

Indirectly Attributable Downstream Activities

Indirect impacts of downstream activities refer to use of materials, energy and emissions associated with goods/services occurring downstream of the Organisation in relation to the Product Portfolio.

• Transportation and distribution of goods/services provided to the client, where means of transport are not owned and/or operated by the Organisation;

• Processing of goods/services provided;• Use of goods/services provided • End‐of‐Life treatment of goods/services provided • Any other downstream process/activity

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

53

Scenarios for use stageUse stage begins when the consumer takes possession of the product and ends when the used product is discarded.

54

Publish

ed te

chnical

inform

ation on

use stage International

standards

National guidelines

Industry guidelines

Market survey or data

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Example of use stage scenario for t‐shirts

• Service life of t‐shirt: 5 years– Scenario: wear once per week and use washing machine at 30 degrees

Celsius for cleaning once weekly, the energy use of the washing machine equals 0.72 MJ/kg clothing and the water use 10 litres/kg clothing for one wash cycle. One t‐shirt weighs 0.16 kg which results in an energy use of 0.12 MJ/week and a water consumption of 1.6 litres/week.

– T‐shirt is sold in France, Belgium and the UK with each its own electricity mix

• Scenario based on market survey

55Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Requirements for use stage scenarios

56


• Method for determining the use stage should be based on technical publications.

• If no publications are available the Organisation carrying out the study shall establish the use stage.

• The OEFSR shall specify: − The use scenario(s) to be included in

the study, if any; − The time span to be considered for the

use stage.

• Published technical information should be taken into account for the definition of the use‐stage scenarios.

• Definition of the use profile should also take into account consumption patterns, location, time, and assumed service life for the use stage of products. The actual usage pattern of the products should be used if available.

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Scenarios for End‐of‐Life modeling

57

End‐of‐Life stage begins when the used product is discarded by the user and ends when the products are returned to nature as a waste or enter other products’ life cycles

Example of EOL scenario for t‐shirts:

15% recycled

75% incineration

5% landfill

5% reused in industry

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

RU&EP – End of life

• The RU&EP per unit of analysis of products where reuse, recycling or energy recovery of one (or more) of these products is involved is calculated with the following formula:

58

RU&EP from virginmaterial acquisition and

pre‐processing

RU&EP associated to the recycled material input

RU&EP from the recycling (or reuse) process from which the credit from avoided

virgin material input are subtracted

The net RU&EP from the disposal of the fraction of material that has not been recycled (or reused) at EoL or handed over to an energy recovery process

The RU&EP arising from the energy recovery processfrom which avoided emissions arising from the substituted energy source have been subtracted

Requirements for End‐of‐Life stage scenarios

59


• Waste flows arising from processes included in the system boundaries shall be modeled to the level of elementary flows.

• The OEFSR shall define the EOL scenario(s) to be included in the OEF study, if any.

• These scenarios shall be based on current (year of analysed time interval) practice, technology and data.

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Direct and indirect activities and impacts ‐requirementsOEF requirements

The following elements shall be considered for inclusion in the Resource Use and Emissions Profile:

• Direct activities and impacts of sources owned and/or operated by the Organisation;

• Indirectly attributable upstream activities;

• Indirectly attributable downstream activities.

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

60

Data qualityData quality compliance criteria

Data quality criteria Technological representativeness Geographical representativeness Time‐related representativeness Completeness; Precision/uncertainty; Methodological Appropriateness and

Consistency

Documentation Compliant with ILCD format

Nomenclature Compliance with ILCD nomenclature document (e.g. use of ILCD reference elementary flows for IT compatible inventories)

Review Compliance with ILCD format

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

61

Data quality assessment• Secondary data to represent dyeing process in Germany, year 2010

Quality level

Quality rating

CompletenessTime representativeness

Technology representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Precision / uncertainty

Verygood

1 90 % 2009‐2012 Discontinuous with airflow dyeing machines

Central Europe mix 7 %

Good 2 [80 % to 90 %) 2006‐2008 e.g. "Consumption mix in EU: 30% Semi‐continuous, 50% exhaust dyeing and 20% Continuous dyeing"

EU 27 mix; UK, DE; IT;FR

(7 % to 10 %]

Fair 3 [70 % to 80 %) 1999‐2005 e.g. "Production mix in EU: 35% Semi‐continuous, 40% exhaust dyeing and 25% Continuous dyeing"

Scandinavian Europe;other EU27 countries

(10 % to 15 %]

Poor 4 [50 % to 70 %) 1990‐1999 e.g. "Exhaust dyeing" Middle east; US; JP (15 % to 25 %]

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

62

Data quality calculation

6MPCTiRGRTeRDQR

DQR : Data Quality Rating of the data set;

TeR: Technological Representativeness

GR: Geographical Representativeness

TiR: Time-related Representativeness

C: Completeness;

P: Precision/uncertainty;

M: Methodological appropriateness and consistency

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

63

Data quality rating

Overall data quality rating (DQR)

1.6 “Excellent quality”

>1.6 to 2.0 “Very good quality"

>2.0 to 3.0 “Good quality”

>3 to 4.0 “Fair quality"

>4 “Poor quality”

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

64

Data quality requirements for OEF screening

• 90% of the environmentallyrelevant data shall be at least of “fair” quality

• Identify the processescontributing to at least 90% of the environmental impact

• Do the data quality assessment of those

65Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Data quality requirements for OEF study

Environmentally significant data covering at least 70% contribution to environmental impacts in each

impact category considered

Additional environmentally significant data accounting for contributions to environmental

impacts (i.e. 20%‐30%)

Data used for approximation and filling identified gaps (less than 10% contribution to environmental

impacts)

66

Overall “Good” data quality (DQR 2‐3)

Overall “Fair” data quality

(DQR 3‐4)

Best available data

Minimum data quality

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Data quality – requirements

67


• ‘Good’ rating required for data contributing to 70% of each impact and ‘fair’ for 2/3 of the remaining 30%.

• Specify more stringent data quality requirements for: − foreground/background

processes− key supply chain

processes/activities− key impact categories

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Data collection

• Different ways to obtain data– Specific data

• measurements• interviews• annual reports

– Generic data• previous LCA studies• LCA databases

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

68

Generic data source hierarchy – OEFSR development

Free and public LCA database compliant with OEF DQR

Commercial LCA database compliant with OEF DQR

Other free and public LCA database that is part of the ILCD Data Network

Other commercial LCA database that is part of the ILCD Data Network

As default data (provided by the Technical Secretariat)

69Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Data gaps

Data gaps may exist when:

Data does not exist for a specific input/output, or

Data exists for a similar process but:

– The data has been generated in a different region

– The data has been generated using a different technology

– The data has been generated in a different time period

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

70

Data and data gaps–requirements

71


• Specific data must be obtained for all significant/relevant foreground processes and for significant background processes

• Specify for which processes specific data must be collected and the data collection requirements

• Generic data should be used only for background processes but can be used for foreground processes if they are more representative/appropriate than specific data.

• Specify where the use of generic data is permitted

• Data gaps must be filled using the best available generic/extrapolated data. Such processes shall not account for more than 10% of the overall contribution to each impact

• Specify potential data gaps and provide guidance for filling these gaps.

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Multi‐functionality

• If a process or facility provides more than one function, i.e. it delivers several goods and/or services ("co‐products"), it is “multifunctional”

• Must be addressed in OEF studies where:– Jointly owned and/or operated facilities produce goods/services marketed by

more than one organisation– A partial OEF study is undertaken– Sourcing data sets for inputs from multi‐functional processes– Disaggregating data to the product level for “downstream” modelling

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

72

Multi‐functionality ‐ Example 1

Multi‐functionality solutions in a jointly owned textile factory• Y Co. manufactures trousers, X Co. manufactures t‐shirts

1. Can the lines be subdivided (i.e. trousers and t‐shirts produced on separate production lines, hence inventories can be isolated)?

2. Is system expansion + substitution feasible/suitable (can independent production of t‐shirts elsewhere be modelled?)

3. Is allocation based on a relevant, underlying physical relationship feasible/suitable?• Mass of fabric used• Production time required• Other?

4. Is allocation based on some other relationship feasible/suitable?

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

73

Multi‐functionality ‐ Example 2

Multi‐functionality solutions in a textile factory producing various products• Y Co. manufactures trousers and t‐shirts

– Electricity used at the manufacturing facility would constitute a multi‐functionality issue in a PEF study on trousers or t‐shirts

– Because OEF needs aggregated data for the company’s product portfolio, it is not forced to disaggregate per specific product

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

74

Multi‐functionality – requirements

75


• Multifunctional hierarchy:− Subdivision/system expansion− Allocation based on relevant

physical relationship− Allocation based on some other

relationship (economic value)

• Specify multi‐functionality solutions

Goal Scope

RU&EP

EFIA Interpretation

Environmental Footprint Impact Assessment

Phase undertaken to calculate the environmental performance of the Organisation

76

Environm

entalFoo

tprin

t Im

pact Assessm

ent Classification

Characterisation

Normalisation

Weighting

Goal Scope RU&EP

EFIA

Interpretation

Resource Use and Emissions Profile

• RU&EP results in a long list with inputs from and outputs to the environment

• Not easy to draw conclusions from thisLandWaterOilCu

CFC

Pb

P

N2O

PM2.5

…

RU&EP

Goal Scope RU&EP

EFIA

Interpretation

77

Steps of Environmental Footprint Impac Assessment

EF IA resultsRU&EP

Classification Characterization Normalization Weighting

Mandatory Optional

Goal Scope RU&EP

EFIA

Interpretation

78

Normalisation and weighting are optional in OEF studies but mandatory in the context of the OEF pilot phase.

1. Classification

Land use

Resource depletion, Water use

Resource depletion

Climate change

Ozone layer depletion

Human toxicity

Particulate matter formation

Eutrophication

Impacts

Land

Water

Oil

Cu

CFC

Pb

P

CO2

PM2.5

…

RU&EP

Goal Scope RU&EP

EFIA

Interpretation

79

2. Characterisation

• Example: climate change Emissions into the atmosphere

Time integrated concentration

Radiative forcing

Climate change

Net primaryOrganisation

ion

Changingbiomes

Wild fires

Other impacts

Mal‐nutrition Flooding Infectious

diseasesHeat stress

Decreasingbiodiversity

Effects onecosystems

Effects onhumans

Goal Scope RU&EP

EFIA

Interpretation

80

= 1.0

= 0.0131

= 0.0037

= 0.00061

= 0.000036

= 0.004

2. Characterisation

RU&EP Climate change

x 1

Acidification

x 1.31

x 0.74

Particulate matter

x 0.061

x 0.0072

x 1

Characterised results kg CO2‐eq. mol H+‐eq. kg PM2.5‐eq.2.49 0.0168 0.0046

CO21.0 kg

0.01 kg

N2O0.005 kg

PM2.50.004 kg

SO2

+ + +

Goal Scope RU&EP

EFIA

Interpretation

81

X 298 = 1.49

3. Normalisation

Climate change

x 1

Acidification

x 1.31

x 0.74

Particulate matter

x 0.061

= 1.0

= 0.0131

= 0.0037

= 0.00061

= 0.000036

= 0.004x 1

Characterised results

Normalisation factor

Normalised results person*year0.000366 person*year0.00034 person*year0.00169

kg CO2‐eq./person*year

6803mol H+‐eq./person*year

49.44kg PM2.5‐eq./person*year

2.746

kg CO2‐eq.2.49 mol H+‐eq.0.0168 kg PM2.5‐eq.0.0046

+ + +

RU&EP

CO21.0 kg

0.01 kg

N2O0.005 kg

PM2.50.004 kg

SO2

x 0.0072

/ / /

Goal Scope RU&EP

EFIA

Interpretation

82

X 298 = 1.49

= 0.000036

4. WeightingClimate change

x 1

x 298

Acidification

x 1.31

x 0.74

Particulate matter

x 0.061

x 0.0072

= 1.0

= 1.49

= 0.0131

= 0.0037

= 0.00061

= 0.004x 1

Characterised results

Normalised results

Weighting factor

Weighted results

x 1 x 1 x 1

0.0024

person*year0.000366 person*year0.00034 person*year0.00169

kg CO2‐eq.2.49 mol H+‐eq.0.0168 kg PM2.5‐eq.0.0046

+

+ + +

LCI results

CO21.0 kg

0.01 kg

N2O0.005 kg

PM2.50.004k g

SO2

Goal Scope RU&EP

EFIA

Interpretation

83

Interpretation of OEF results

Phase that serves to ensure that the performance of the OEF model corresponds to the goals and quality requirements of the study and to derive robust conclusions and recommendations from the analysis.

84

Interpretatio

nof PEF re

sults

Model robustness

Identification of hotspots

Estimation of uncertainty

Conclusions, recommendations and

limitations

Goal Scope RU&EP EFIA

Interpretation

Robustness of model

• Completeness check– To ensure the resource use and emissions profile is complete i.e.

completeness of process coverage and input/output coverage

• Sensitivity check– To assess to what extent the results are determined by specific

methodological choices and the impact of implementing alternative choices

• Consistency check– To determine whether the assumptions, methods and data are

consistent with the goal and scope.

85Goal Scope RU&EP EFIA

Interpretation

Identification of hotspots

• Important contributions from inputs/outputs, from processes and from supply chain stages

• These can be identified by analysing the contributions for each EF impact category

The OEF screening shall pre‐identify the following information: Most relevant life cycle stages Most relevant processes Most relevant impact categories


Interpretation

Identification of hotspots‐ Example

The OEF screening shall pre‐identify the following information: Most relevant life cycle stages Most relevant processes


Interpretation

Reference: http://www.bren.ucsb.edu/research/documents/missionlinen_brief.pdf

T‐shirt creation T‐shirt use

Identification of hotspots ‐ Example

The results of the OEFSR supporting studies will be used to identify the most relevant impact categories.• Normalisation and weighting may be used to achieve such prioritisation.


Interpretation

0

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

0.0008

0.001

0.0012

0.0014

0.0016

0.0018

Climate change Acidification Particulate matter

Normalised

results

(person*

year)

Impact categories

End of lifeUse phaseProduction

Uncertainty sources

• Stochastic uncertainty– Variance in data

• Choice‐related uncertainties– Arise from methodological choices. These can be assessed via scenario

model assessments and sensitivity analyses


Interpretation

Uncertainty analysis

• Understand variance in specific output result– ‘120 kg CO2’ would then become

something like ‘120 kg CO2 with standard deviation of 10 kg’

• Understand if differences between Organisations is statistically significant– difference should be 90%

0

10

20

30

40

50

product A product B


Interpretation

Conclusions

• Draw conclusions based on the analytical results• Answer the questions posed at the onset of the study• Advance recommendations• Communicate limitations


Interpretation

Interpretation of OEF results – requirements

92


• Assessment of model robustness using completeness, sensitivity and consistency checks

• Identification of hotspots at level of inputs/outputs, processes and supply chain

• Identify most relevant environmental impact categories for the sector.

• Description of choice related uncertainties and inventory data

• Describe the uncertainties common to the Organisation category and identify the range results could be seen as being significantly different

Goal Scope RU&EP EFIA

Interpretation

Template for OEFSR

• It will soon be provided by the Commission EnvironmentalFootprint team in an update of the document “Guidance forthe implementation of the EU PEF during the EF pilot phase”


Interpretation

Contact detailsMarisa Vieira | vieira@pre‐sustainability.comAnnemarie Kerkhof | [email protected] Menkveld | menkveld@pre‐sustainability.com

95

OEF training 20140115

Education

Transcript of OEF training 20140115