OEC Webinar: Air Quality & Your Health (part 1) - Erica Fetty & Sarah VanderWielen
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Transcript of OEC Webinar: Air Quality & Your Health (part 1) - Erica Fetty & Sarah VanderWielen
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Where Does It Come From and How Is It Tracked?
Presented by Erica Fetty and Sarah VanderWielen
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Where Does Ozone Come From?
• Ozone is not directly emitted into the atmosphere • Ozone is composed of Nitrogen Oxides and
Volatile Organic Compounds in the presents of sunlight• Because ozone forms in the air, it often shows up
downwind from the sources
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Sources of NOx
• Each year the US emits approximately 19.4 million metric tons of nitrogen oxides • Cars, Trucks, and Boats• Fuel Combustion• Power Generation (fossil fuel)• Lightning• Forest Fires
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Sources of NOx
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VOCs
Types• Formaldehyde• Benzene• Toluene• Xylene • Acetone
Sources• Paint• Air Fresheners• Tobacco• Dry Cleaning Chemicals• Glues• Household cleaners• Gasoline
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Future of Ozone
• EPA expects NO2 concentrations will continue to decrease in the future as a result of a number of mobile source regulations that are taking effect. • Tier 2 standards for light-duty vehicles began phasing in during
2004, and new NOx standards for heavy-duty engines are phasing in between 2007 and 2010 model years.
• Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati metropolitan areas are currently non-attainment for 2008 Ozone Standard of 75 ppb.
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Where Does PM Come From?
PM 2.5 comes from a wide variety of combustion activities• Fires • Power Generation• Cars, Trucks, Buses • Off-Road Vehicles
http://www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/particulates.php
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How PM 2.5 Forms • Emitted directly from sources like fires • Indirect chemical reactions happen in the
atmosphere when sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides are emitted• Chemical reactions account for the most fine particle pollution
• Power plants, tailpipes
http://www.baaqmd.gov/Divisions/Planning-and-Research/Particulate-Matter.asp
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Future of PM 2.5
• 1997 Annual Standard of 15.0 µg/m3
• Waiting on areas to be redesignated attainment
• 2006 24-Hour Standard of 35 µg/m3
• Waiting on areas to be redesignated attainment
• 2013 Annual Standard of 12.0 µg/m3
• December 2013: State designation due• August 2014: U.S. EPA publish purposed designations
for public comment• December 2014: Final designation
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Emissions Inventories
• Facilities that have the potential to emit certain amounts of air pollution are required to apply for and obtain a state-federal operating permit and pay emission fees• Permit establishes permitted allowable emission rates• Major facilities must submit actual emission reports every year• Synthetic Minor facilities report every year • True Minor facilities report every two years
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Emissions Inventories
• Ohio EPA data available for download• Point sources• Coal burning reports
• http://epa.ohio.gov/dapc/aqmp/eiu/eis.aspx
• U.S. EPA emissions inventories • http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html
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Ohio EPA Inventories
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Inventory Report
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Monitoring • Ohio has one of the most extensive monitoring
networks in the county • Ozone • 49 monitors • Parts per billion • Monitored hourly
• Particulate Matter• 38 PM monitors • Micrograms per cubic meter• Air filters collected and reviewed at lab
• http://wwwapp.epa.ohio.gov/gis/mapportal/
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Ohio Ozone Sites
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Ozone 2011-2013
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Ohio PM 2.5 Sites
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PM 2.5 Annual 2010-2012