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طبقه بندی موضوعی
واژگان پرکاربرد انگلیسی
همراه با نمونه جمله های رایج
THE SUBJECTIVE CATEGORIZATION OF
ENGLISH WORDS
نویسنده
محمد آذروش
هیئت مدرسین دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردیعضو
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Introduction : Words are among the segments by the systematic help of which sentences are
created to convey what the speaker has in his mind. Due to the field of subject , various words
are applied in sentences among which similar words with different meanings may occur . Here in
this brief pamphlet , sample current words in English language have been introduced in the
categories in which they frequently occur. Sample sentences for two of each group have been
suggested , as well .
Sample Words Of Arts, Entertainment & Literature
Audience : The excited audience encouraged the artist by clapping hands .
Broadcast : The lecture of the president was broadcasted all over the country.
More Words : costume – famous – fiction – entertain – perform – rehearse – rhythm - script
scene – sketch – stage – tale – talent – tune – applaud
Sample Words Of Crime & the Law
Group 1
Arrest : The criminal was arrested by the police just as he escaped from the jail .
Charge : The judge who is in charge of the court starts the trial .
More Words : convict – guilt – innocent – judge – prosecute – sentence – suspect – testify - trial
verdict – victim – witness
Group 2
Accuse : He was accused of the bank ruberry although he claimed that he was innocent.
Admit : He admitted to complete the project in two years .
More Words : allege – assault – confess – jail – kidnap – outlaw – prove – punish – raid - rob
steal - stalk
Group 3
Condemn : The thief was condemned to six years of imprisonment .
Threat : Crime is a severe threat against any society .
More Words : abuse – court – crime – frame – penalty – prison – prostitute –rape - sue smuggle
thief - clue
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Sample Words Of Feelings, Qualities & States
Group 1
Cautious : Any expert should be cautious in interpreting the rules.
Eager : I am eager to know your opinion about this subject.
More Words : calm – adore – annoy – enthusiasm – envy – fright – gentle – miserable - nasty
pride – stubborn
Group 2
Confident : I’m confident that he will cope with the whole responsibility imposed to him.
Brave : They are brave enough to defend their country against any threats .
More Words : affection – content – desire – disgust – emotion – fond – glad – mean - pleasant
sympathy - upset
Group 3
Generous : They are quite generous in holding parties .
Character : He is quite gentle in character , everybody respects him sincerely.
More Words : brag – coward – dread – evil – frustrate – bold – honest – mild – panic - rude
shame – zealous
Group 4
Admire : He admired the brave man who had saved my life .
Curious : I am curious to know who helped you solve this problem .
More Words : boast – alert – cruel – desperate – embarrass – fear – grief – irritate – mood
patient - sophisticated
Group 5
Afraid : I’m afraid I couldn’t finish the job in the appointed time .
Angry : He is angry with you for you didn’t respect your promise .
More Words : anxiety – certain – courage – detest – elegant – frown – jealous - modest – relief
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Sample Words Of Food & Eating
Group General
Delicious : Having hired an experienced chef, this reastaurant always serves delicious food.
Roast : Like many others, they , too , roast the chicken on fire .
More Words : chew – bland – flavor – fry – ingredient – raw – ripe –sauce - sip – slice - starve
stir – taste – vitamin – bitter
Sample Words Of Health & the Body
Group 1
Ache : I used to suffer from a dall ache in my hand when I was a child.
Cure : Some medicines seem to cure particular types of AIDS.
More Words : digest – fatigue – immune – massage – paralyze – patient – rash – scar - slim
surgery – symptom – therapy – transplant - vomit
Group 2
Active : He was very active before he left our group .
Appetite : Seeing an insect in the soup, he completely lost his appetite .
More Words : blind – conscious – cough – diagnose – fatal – handicap – heal – ill - naked
prescribe – sober – stomach – strong – tissue
Group 3:
Addiction : Addiction is a serious problem which many societies are engaged with these days.
Athlete : Athletes from various countries take part in the Olympics every four years.
More Words : disease – disabled – drown – faint – fit – health – infect – nutrition - poison
sanitary – sore – swallow – throat – vaccinate –
Group 4
Allergy : Some people have allergy against melon.
Bleed : The wound was bleeding which caused the patient to faint.
More Words : breathe - bruise - choke – diet – dose – fever – muscle – pregnant – slender - strain
suffer – trauma – virus
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Sample Words Of The World of Money & Work
Group 1
Debt : You have to pay back your debt to him m otherwise you will lose your credit.
Bargain : It was a bargain for I could buy it much less than it really costs .
More Words : budget – client – collaborate – cultivate – account – executive – import - lend
organize – poverty – resign – strike – textile – union – withdraw
Group 2
Deposit : In order to pay your bills, you should deposit enough money in your bank account.
Wage : Simple labors are not paid good wages in this factory .
More Words : commercial - affiliate – cost – ambition – interview - manufacture – owe - prosper
resume – sack – slave – surplus – tenant – venture - bankrupt
Group 3
Exchange : In traditional trading , goods were exchanged for goods .
Bonus : Here every employee is awarded with a bonus at the end of the year .
More Words : chore - donate - agency - fleet -gamble – loan – market – opportunity - produce
rent – retire – slogan – supply – tool - valuable
Group 4
Afford : The expenses of a routine life in London is so high that few people can afford it.
Tip : Before you leave the table, remember to pay the waiter a tip.
More Words : bid – career – commute – deduct – agenda – firm – greed – invent - manage
negotiate – profit – repair – shortage – sponsor - expense
Group 5
Hire : They couldn’t do the job alone, therefore they hired some hands to help them.
Raise : In his farm, he raised goats and sheep as well as cows .
More Words : crop – duty – earn – enterprise – fund – hire – inherit – lease – progress - asset
skill – staff – stall – transaction – worth - agriculture
Group 6
Retail : His job is to go to rural villages and retail simple home appliance.
Success : Nowadays success in business is based on advertisement and competition.
More Words : charge – crew – department – employ – fare – harvest – industry – machine - offer
possess – advertise – appoint – supervise – tax – wealth
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Sample Words Of The Natural World
Group 1
Stone : In the Roman Era, the engineers use big pieces of stones in the structure of bridges.
Rust : Iron rusts if it is exposed to water for a long time.
More Words : condition – erupt – field – flow – human – instinct – mate – path – beast - shallow
silver – sting - abundant
Group 2
Bloom : In the spring , many fruit trees are wear blooms .
Cave : Natural caves are the reason of erosion caused by winds and water.
More Words : climate- fluid – hatch – marine – material – population – rot – stink - stream
universe – weed - wind
Group 3
Breeze : Early in the morning, you may enjoy cool breezes on this hill.
Flame : The flame of the fire could be seen from a far distance.
More Words : disaster – coast – howl – liquid – metal – native – plain – recycle – roar - shade
soil – steam – temperature
Group 4
Hunt : The tourists are not allowed to hunt deer in this field.
Fertile : The soil here is so fertile that you may plant anything in it.
More Words : decay – catastrophe – flood – grain – bone – jungle – nature – peel – shadow
shine - steel – tide
Group 5
Forest : You may even see bears in this forest .
Pollution : Soil , water and air pollution are severe threads to the nature.
More Words : dirt – extinct – bush – fur – harbor – herd – melt – chill – scent - spark
swamp – thunder
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Sample Words Of The Political World
Group 1
Govern : This country is governed directly by an elected president .
Province: The central council decides the managerial procedures of this province .
More Words : abolish – boundary – bribe – council – crisis – district – empower - campaign
colony – royal – urban - vote
Group 2
Citizen: Every citizen has the right to take part in the elections .
Border : The United States has its longest land border with Canada .
More Words : ally – zone – boycott – unite – combat – elect – nation – parliament – protest
rural – state - suburb
Group 3
Candidate : My friend is one of the candidates of the city council this year .
Forbid : Smoking in this room is forbidden .
More Words : accord – ballot – corrupt – crown – era – charity – political – riot - spy - territory
Sample Words Of Basic Science & Academia
Group 1
Advance : Before applying for the job , you should improve your language skills in advance.
Species : Various species of these birds migrate to this zone every autumn .
More Words : brain – calculate – dissolve – examine – mass – motor – precipitation - absolute
rocket – angle - substance
Group 2
Classify : Branches of science have been classified into various categories .
Experiment : To prove his theory, the scientist had to do an experiment .
More Words : absorb – atmosphere - bolt – explore - measure – multiply – planet - quantity - ray
session - software
Group 3
Accelerate : Because of the gravity, the object accelerates when it starts to move .
Add : He had to add the tax fee to the final price .
More Words : cell – course – educate – observe – protein – reproduce – satellite - segment
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Sample Words Of The Social World
Group 1
Apology : The employee begged the boss to accept his apology for being late .
Blame : Instead of blaming him, you had better ask him not to do it again.
More Words : belong – society – brat – cheat – compassion – compromise – discuss - foreign
loyal – member – pray – row – acquaintance
Group 2
Congratulate : I congratulated him for his success in the final exams .
Chat : The boss and his assistant had a brief chat on their weekly program .
More Words : bless – bully – argue –counsel – crowd – dialogue – forgive occasion – saint
scandal – spouse – tragic - adolescent
Group 3
Behave : He behaves in a way that everybody thinks he is not familiar with our customs.
Quarrel : It’s not logical to quarrel on such unworthy subjects .
More Words : charm – cheer – festival – hug – insult – masculine – neighbor – ceremony - affair
rumour – soul – worship
Group 4
Introduce : The manager introduced the new employee to his assistant .
Advise : The engineer advised him not to insist on leaving the project .
More Words : alien – associate – betray – companion – fellow – harass – passion – ritual - sacred
stereotype – tease - tribe
Group 5
Celebrate : His birthday was celebrated by a large group of his colleagues .
Criticize : While criticizing someone , we should help him correct his faults , too .
More Words : custom – feminine – gang – hero – prejudice – ancestor – romantic – share - spirit
trust – adopt - anniversary
Sample Words Of Structures, Places & Object
Group 1
Tower : That is the highest tower in their country .
Tunnel : Passing through several tunnels , the train arrives at the plain.
More Words : barrel – barrier – bench – booth – cage – canal – erect – fence – port – shelter
shed – stadium – stair – station – studio – temple - slum
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Sample Transitional Words
Group General
Although : He continued working on the project although he was quite tired .
Consequently : He didn’t go on well with his business , consequently he faced bankruptcy.
More Words : despite – furthermore – hence – however – indeed – instead - in addition to
in fact – likewise – moreover – nevertheless – nonetheless – otherwise – therefore – though
thus – unless - whereas
Sample Words Of War & Violence & Conflict
Group 1
Destroy : Invading the town , the aggressive enemy destroyed many hospitals .
Retreat : Being in shortage of weapons , the troops decided to retreat .
More Words : aggressive – captive – charge – patrol – flee – glory – harm – slap - troop
violence - weapon
Group 2
Execute : The criminal was executed early in the morning .
Torture : Torture is severely blamed by the International Amnesy Organization .
More Words : bomb – clash – hostile – massacre – opponent – retaliate – ruthless – slash - spank
guard - veteran
Group 3
Defend : Brave soldiers always defend their country against any hostile threat .
Explode : A bomb exploded in the metro station which left one injured .
More Words : attack – ammunition – conquer – invade – punch – rebel – slaughter - stab
surrender – terror – wound
Group 4
Defeat : They were defeated because of the brave resistance of your troops .
Enemy : That strategic zone was captured by the enemy at the very beginning of the battle.
More Words : agony – arm – battle – brutal – casualty – escape – protect – revenge - smack
suicide – victory
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A Collection Of Adjectives
Group 1
Clever : To hold the negotiations, they introduced a clever polititian .
Common : In their culture , it is common to welcome the bride with a gift.
More Words : extraordinary – proper – regular – smooth – solid – stiff – tight – utter - weak
Group 2
Absurd : The paiting didn’t attract much attention for it was somehow absurd .
Chief : Regarding your request , you should speak with the chief assistant .
More Words : decent – exact – partial – private – robust – several – superb – steep - terrible
thorough – usual - vicious
Group 3
Crazy : I don’t think he is so crazy disclose our secrets .
Bare : It’s a bare truth that many people starve in Africa because of poverty .
More words : actual – damp – fantastic – fierce – huge – rough – serious – supreme - strange
typical – urgent - verbal
Group 4
Severe : He was severe in his decision ; he did not allow anybody to interfere .
Fragile : They carried the box cautiously because there was something fragile in it .
More Words : narrow – opposite – extreme – remote - spectacular - superficial - thick - vague
Group 5
Amateur: He is not paid for the job yet as he is not a professional , he is still an amateur.
Blank : After the electric shock the memory of the computer was blank .
More Words :delicate – flexible – harsh – loose – incredible – permanent – rash - sensible
straight – superior – swift – vocal – authentic – eligible - fancy
A Collection Of Nouns
Group 1
Ability : He took part in the classes just in order to improve his ability in that field.
Result : An attitude of this type will not end in a good result .
More Words : blade – faith – gap – mess – parcel – privilege – batch – root – sack – sensation
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Group 2
Accident : I didn’t want to break the branch of the tree , it happened by accident .
Effort : They should make a great effort to solve the problem .
More Words : fibre - ghost – interior – magic – mystery - noise -pace – reality – situation - stage
stick – tactic - tube
Group 3
Adventure : He had wonderful adventures in his trip to Brazil .
Content : The content of your letter implies that you have not approved our suggestion .
More Words : distance – frame – lane – myth – purpose – rear – scale – sheet – statement - strap
string – system - texture
Group 4
Message : He received a message implying that his suggestion had been rejected .
Quality : It is quite logical to claim that quality is superior to quantity .
More Words : cane - energy - gear - kit - amount – powder – branch – reputation – stake - strip
tank – aftermath - tone
Group 5
Edge : Most cats like to walk at the edge of the roofs .
Case : In this case , nobody is allowed to help you .
More words : collision – background – fad – lid – moment – pattern – plenty – rack – silence
stalk - suit – twin – unit
Group 6
Basis : Undoubtedly, Mathematics is the basis of all sciences .
Column : In double accounting, one column is for the creditor and one for the debator .
More Words : detail – fixture – hazard – idiot – level – memory – passage – responsibility - rug
solution – stake – summit – temper – trunk
A Collection Of Nouns & Verbs With Derivations
Group 1
Access : In order to access the internet , you should subscribe an IAP .
Bounce : Mirrors bounce back the light hit to them .
More Words : chant – cruise – dip – grin – host – junk – outline – paste – pause – risk - score
slump – toss – view
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Group 2
Notice : I noticed that somebody had manipulated the report .
Favour : Do me a favor and deliver this letter to the boss .
More Words : bother – crunch – discipline – block – glue – aim – order – patch – pump - rush
scrap – stroll – trail
Group 3
Concern : As far as I am concerned , they are not allowed to participate in the session .
Trap : They are trapped in the heavy snow , so they will be late .
More Words : chain – appeal – form – groan – mention – nap – pile – rip – scrape – slide - spot
step – boost – wrap
Group 4
Claim : He claims that he has created a new method of doing the job .
Gaze : She gazed at him and explicitly declared that she would not change her mind .
More Words : bend – delight – flash - boom - journey - load - mask - pressure - rival - scratch
shield – spray – surface - total
Group 5
Launch : They are going to launch the huge ship tomorrow morning .
Support : I supported him financially while he was studying at the college .
More Words : dust – escort – fuel – growl – blow – model – position – review – scream - shape
spread – crash – tap - wreck
Group 6
Bet : I bet you that he will win the gold medal .
Breed : They breed domestic animals in their farm .
More Words : chip – climb – delay – filter – limp – march – plague – reward – screen - shout
stain – stuff – swing - yield
Group 7
Brake : She had to brake suddenly because the traffic light was red .
Chase : The dog chased the fox which had approached the farm .
More Words : burden – drill – fit –leak – peek – promise – screw – shove – spill – stack - switch
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Group 8
Permit : Remind him that he is not permitted to do anything he wishes .
Hike : I wish to hike in the countryside in the evening .
More Words : bundle – buzz – curl – drip – fragment – lack – knot – respect – sacrifice - shock
shower – smash - yell
Group 9
Brush : She brushed her fur coat and then hung it in the wardrobe .
Decrease : Inflation seems to have decreased in the last few years .
More Words : curve – fold – influence – humour – preview – reply – sail – service - splash
struggle – treasure – bump – torch
Group 10
Glance : I realized that he was pleased with what had happened at the first glance .
Command : The officer commanded the soldier to arrest the thief .
More Words : dump – brew – flip – blaze – puzzle – relay – request – salute – span - tangle
treat – voyage – waste
Group 11
Plan : By this new model , they are planning to stimulate the taste of the customers.
Increase : If this brand comes to the market , the income of the company will increase .
More Words : cover – ban – dent – fault – glare – brand – demand – rescue – remark – sample
split - streak – thrill - wave
Group 12
Award : I was awarded a precious gift for what I had done in the company .
Balance : When the demand and supply are balanced , the prices are fixed .
More Words : beam – blast – creep – curb – figure – reason – sigh – sweat – twist - wonder
Group 13
Crack : Glass may crack in the sudden severe change of temperature .
Forecast : They forecast that it will rain heavily tomorrow .
More Words : duplicate – glimpse - hop – pocket – package – recruit - seal - slope - stitch - track
tug - update
Group 14
Doubt : I doubt that he can make it alone .
Experience : Having worked for several years , I have enough experience in that field .
More Words : brace – comfort – flap – handle – hint – pack – pad – rate – search – signal - stock
tumble - whip
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Group 15
Damage : Severe heat will surely damage the machine .
Control : You should learn to control yourself when you are angry .
More Words : -alarm – exit – hook – plug – rank – scoop – snap – sort – tag - whisper
A Collection Of Verbs
Group 1
Happen : I hope that something good happens which prevents them from leaving the country.
Intend : He intends to finish the project as soon as possible .
More Words : bust – cross – distract – postpone – resemble – resent – reserve – scan - seize
scrub – share - sparkle
Group 2
Matter : It doesn’t matter if she insists on taking part in the session .
Quit : He had to quit his part time job because of the college .
More Words : astonish – conceal – contaminate – gain – penetrate – operate - rub - settle - swap
sway – tow - verify
Group 3
Accept : He accepted to postpone his lecture because the chairman asked him to.
Collect : I am fond of collecting stamps .
More Words : chop – exhaust – juggle – lose – neglect – prefer – qualify – remain – ruin - sniff
spare - suppose
Group 4
Recognize : The colony was recognized an independent country by UN.
Join : Having graduated from high school , he joined the navy .
More Words : impress – lie – miss – navigate – obey – provide – accomplish – represent - shrink
soak – tame – tremble
Group 5
Pretend : The beggar pretended to be paralised , but he wasn’t , in fact .
Recommend : The salesman recommended us to read the instructions carefully .
More Words : accustom – decide – humiliate – improve – lie – lift – overwhelm – remind
shuffle – soar – staple - urge
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Group 6
Attract : His suggestion attracted the attention of the audience .
Disturb : It is not logical to disturb him when he is sleeping .
More Words : foster – gather – halt – prevent – recall – row – sew – shut – sink – tolerate –
vanish - wander
Group 7
Attend : He attended all his classes actively during the semester .
Expect : Actually, I didn’t expect to hear such a thing from you .
More Words : drift – fasten – grab – hamper – interfere – praise – receive – rotate – stare - strip
tempt - warn
Group 8
Avoid : Those regulations avoided me from leaving the session .
Connect : This IPA is a means to connect the internet in no time .
More Words : disappoint – dive – emit – fascinate – include – persuade – replace - shiver
stumble – tend – utter - wind
Group 9
Disappear : He claims that the shadow disappeared in the fog .
Divide : The students are expected to divide 1834 by four .
More Words : affirm – blend – express – insist – pierce – reduce – satisfy – stimulate – stun
thaw – underline - wipe
Group 10
Float : Because of lower density , wood floats on the surface of water .
Allow : The guys are not allowed to go beyond the red line .
More Words : circulate – depend – drag – extend – fade – inspect – rid – scramble - speculate
subscribe – surround – tip - bear
Group 11
Amaze : That he could present himself so well really amazed me .
Boil : If you do not have any oil to fry the egg, you may boil it .
More Words : cancel – declare - depict -develop – excite – fail – inspire – refer – squeeze - stick
suck - tackle
Group 12
Amuse : The clawn amused the audience with his funny actions .
Confuse : All your words contradict each other and this confuses me .
More Words : crouch - escalate - flourish - hinder – install – refine – scold – shed - steer - strive
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Group 13:
Deceive : He could not deceive me with those funny words again .
Compare : You should never try to compare yourself with other people .
More Words : carve – announce – disrupt – elevate – hesitate – imitate –relate - skip – stroke
Group 14
Burst : Hearing the joke , almost everybody may burst into laughter .
Compete :
More Words : confirm –discourage – expire – giggle –provoke –skip – stem – stretch – swerve
Group 15
Appear : Last night , a UFO appeared in the sky of our town .
Arrive : They arrived in London late in the evening .
More Words : complicate – confront – deserve – discover – explain – prepare – resist - seem
slam – spoil – sprinkle - sweep
Group 16
Conserve : They conserve the tuna in small tins to export them to other countries .
Refuse : He refused to answer who had asked him to unlock the door .
More Words : approve – assert – crush – dedicate – dismiss –resume - stall stray - swell
Group 17
Attempt : In an attempt , the troops tried to rush to the trenches of the enemy .
Beg : He begged the man to give him some money for lunch .
More Words : contain – crawl – deliver – deteriorate – endure – preserve – regard – retrieve
scare – sneak – swear - arise
Group 18
Arrange : The tour leader has arranged the museum visit for today .
Borrow : Although he needed the money, he refused to borrow it from his friend .
More Words : compose – cope – determine – devastate – exaggerate – exist – regret - scatter
shave – spin – strike – suggest
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A Collection Of Phrasal Verbs
Group 1- Relations
Bump into: If the pilot hadn’t been careful, the plane would have bumped into the mountain.
Turn down : Please turn down the TV, the baby is sleeping .
More Phrasal Verbs : ask out – check out - cheer up - get along with- hang out - hit on - hook up
let down - make out - make up - pick on - split up - turn on
Group 2- School & Work
Fall behind : Walking slowly , the old man fell behind the group.
Get off: You will have to go through Customs after you get off the plane.
More Phrasal Verbs : burn out - carry out - catch up - deal with - do over - go off - goof off
hand in - hand out - lay off - put off - slack off - sleep in – get off
Group 3- General A
Let go: Don't let go of the leash or my stupid dog will start chasing the cars.
Look forward to : I am impatiently looking forward to receiving your letter .
More Phrasal Verbs : dress up - drop by - find out - pass out - pick out - screw up - set up
show off - speak out - tear down - think over - try on - turn out - turn up - wind up - come across
Group 4: General B
Cruise around: We cruised around the town in my friend's new car all evening.
Get in: Just throw your stuff in the trunk and get in the car; we're in a hurry.
More Phrasal Verbs : clean up - head out - pull over - put away - put on - take off - throw away
turn up - turn down - use up - wake up – get on – look after
Group 5- Trouble
Get out of: We got out of our kayaks and then pulled them up onto the beach.
Head out: I phoned Joe to tell him I was heading out and he could meet me in the park.
More Phrasal Verbs : beat up - blow up - check in - check out - chill out - end up - freak out
hold on - hold up - pass up - rip off - take after - wipe out – point out
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Group 6- General C
Look up : You should look up the meaning of that word in a dictionary .
Run out : The car stopped because it had run out of petrol .
More Phrasal Verbs : ask over - bring up - figure out - get over - mess up - pick up -show around
stick around - talk into - throw up - turn out - work out
Group 7- General D
Bail on: Sorry to bail on you guys but I can't come to the party tonight.
Flip out: My friend will flip out when I tell her I lost her cell phone.
More Phrasal Verbs : cheat on - drop in - fill in - get away - get by - put up with - seek out
take down - tell off - think up - touch up – break in – take off
Group 8 - General E
Go out with: He went out with my sister for five years but they split up a year ago.
Make fun of : When I saw that Alice had made a lot of mistakes, I made fun of her .
More Phrasal Verbs : come up with - fill up - fool around - give away - go out with - hang up
have on - look over - put down - run into - start over - tidy up - wear out – leave out
Group 9- General F
Back up: Cars make a sound when they back up to warn people they are coming.
Joke around: He likes to joke around a lot and all the children think he's really funny.
More Phrasal Verbs : ask around - account for – count on - boot up - close down - drop out
fall through - feel up to - fix up - joke around - occur to - rule out - save up – watch out
Group 10- General G
Call off : Because of the heavy snow , the match was called off .
Add up : You must add up those figures to see how much you should pay .
More Phrasal Verbs : allow for - block off - crack down - on drag - on eat - out fall - back on
go down - iron out - pay off - shop around - show up - space out
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