ODRA RIVER BASIN FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECT ......7.3.3 Hydraulic bottle-necks in the active...
Transcript of ODRA RIVER BASIN FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECT ......7.3.3 Hydraulic bottle-necks in the active...
E1139Volume 2
Government of Poland rZGW WroclawMinistry of Interior and Administration RZGW GliwiceOffice for Natural Disasters Recovery DZMiUWMinistry of Environment
ODRA RIVER BASIN FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
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Main Report
August 2005
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................... 1....................................I
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .11.2 EMERGENCY FLOOD RECOVERY PROJECT .31.3 STRATEGIC CONTEXT: THE ODRA 2006 PROGRAMME .41.4 THE ODRA RIVER BASIN FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECT .51.5 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .51.6 THE EA TEAM.6
1.7 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .6
CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................... 7
2.1 THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT .... 7................................72.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS ..................................... 72.3 THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER ..................................... 9
2.3.1 General.92.3.2 Resettlement.92.3.3 Principal characteristics of the reservoir .102.3.4 The embankment and outlet works .102.3 .5 Ancillary works.102.3.6 Construction cost.12
2.4 THE MODERNIZATION OF THE WROCLAW FLOODWAY SYSTEM ................... ...................... 132.4.1 General .............................................................. 132.4.2 Sub-components of WFS .............................................................. 132.4.3 Cost of WFS .............................................................. 17
2.5 TOTAL COST AND BENEFITS OF THE ORFPP ........................... ................................... 172.5.1 Total cost of investment .172.5.2 Operational and maintenance costs .172.5.3 Effectiveness of the scheme .172.5.4 Project benefits.182.5.5 Economic viability.18
CHAPTER 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................ 19
3.1 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING .193.2 DECENTRALISED GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION .193.3 POLISH LAWS APPLICABLE .20
3.4 POLISH ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS .213.5 THE EIA PROCEDURE .22
3.6 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES .23
3.7 APPLICABLE EU DIRECTIVES .23
3.8 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES .243.9 COMPLIANCE WITH POLISH LEGISLATION AND WORLD BANK POLICIES .25
CHAPTER 4 ANALYSES OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................... 27
4.1 THE WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO .274.2 THE WITH PROJECT SCENARIO .27
4.3 OVERALL PROJECT DESIGN ALTERNATIVES .27
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.4.6 Monumental water management structures on the Odra river in Wroclaw ..................................... 625.4.7 Legal protection .................................................................................... 645.4.8 Organization of conservation of archaeological heritage ................................................................ 64
CHAPTER 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS ....... 65
6.1 TH E IM PA C T S .................................................................................... 656.2 IMPACTS OF THE ORFPP (ALL COMPONENTS COMBINED) . . 65
6.2.1 Safety of people and property .................................................................................... 656.2.2 Dam failure .................................................................................... 65
6.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER (COMPONENT A) . . 666.3.1 Changes in land use and resettlement .................................................................................... 666.3.2 Relocation of public utilities .................................................................................... 686.3.3 Risk of damage to cultural properties .................................................................................... 68
6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER (COMPONENT A) ... 696.4.1 Risk of damage to natural habitats during construction .696.4.2 Impact of lower flood levels on natural habitats downstream of Raciborz .726.4.3 Risk of damage to Tworkowski Forest during reservoir operation .736.4.4 Risk of damage of river continuum and ecological corridor .766.4.5 High risk of drowning of animals .77
6.5 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF WFS (COMPONENT B) . . 776.5.1 Removal of homestead gardens and trees ....................................................................... 776.5.2 Risk of damaging archaeological monuments ....................................................................... 786.5.3 Risk of damaging historic water structures and retaining walls ...................................................... 78
6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF WFS . . 786.6.1 Local ElAs required for detailed planning ....................................................................... 786.6.2 Risk of damage to Natura 2000 sites during construction ............................................................... 796.6.3 Damage due to dredging operations ....................................................................... 806.6.4 Impacts on small landscape elements ........................................................................ 82
CHAPTER 7 OTHER RELEVANT NON-PROJECT RELATED ISSUES ............ ........................ 83
7.1 COORDINATION OF PLANS REQUIRED ........................................................................ 837.2 FLOOD CONTROL AND PHYSICAL PLANNING ....................................................................... 837.3 IMPROVE INTEGRATION OF PLANNING OF INFRASTRUCTURAL WORKS . . 84
7.3.1 Integration of road designs in area upstreams of Wroclaw .847.3.2 Integration of design of new roads in Wroclaw area . 847.3.3 Hydraulic bottle-necks in the active floodplain .847.3.4 Expertise in ecology and environmental management . 867.3.5 Pollution from coal waste dump .867.3.6 Barriers for migrating fish .86
CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................................... 87
8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE EMP .................................................................................... 87 l8.2 MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE INCLUDED IN DESIGN AND CONTRACT DOCUMENTS ... 87
8.2.1I General.878.2.2 Equipment sites and storage areas .888.2.3 Quarries and borrow pits .888.2.4 Embankment construction and earthworks .898.2.5 Dredging.908.2.6 Construction sites.918.2.7 Chance find procedures cultural heritage.91
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
8.3 STAND ALONE MITIGATION MEASURES ....................................................................... 92
8.3.1 Optimize reservoir operating rules to mitigate impacts on natural habitats ..................................... 92
8.3.2 Implement hydrobiological surveys and install monitoring network ............................................... 92
8.4 PROACTIVE COMPENSATORY MEASURES TO PRESERVE AND ENHANCE
THE ODRA ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR ....................................................................... 94
8.4.1 Criteria for identification of compensation measures ...................................................................... 94
8.4.2 Measures to strengthen the ecological corridor between Chalupki and Raciborz ............................ 94
8.4.3 Measures to strengthen the ecological corridor between Raciborz and Brzeg Dolny ...................... 94
8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ....................................................................... 95
8.6 COST OF EMP ........................................................................ 95
8.7 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES . .......................................................... 96
CHAPTER 9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS ....................................................................... 103
9.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE EMP .103
9.2 PROFILE DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTAL/SOCIAL SPECIALIST (PCU) .103
9.3 EMP/RAP TEAMS .104
9.4 PROFILE DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTAL/SOCIAL ENGINEERS RZGW/DZMIUW. 105
9.5 M&E CONSULTANTS .105
9.6 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING .106
CHAPTER 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE ................................................ 107
10.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS DURING PROJECT PREPARATION ................................................ 107
10.2 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE SCOPING STAGE OF THE EA ................................................ 107
10.3 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS OF THE EA ........................ 107
10.4 FINAL DISCLOSURE OF APPROVED EA ..................................................................... 108
LIST OF REFERENCES ..................................................................... 109
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 - Summary of construction cost, Raciborz reservoir (in million PLN) ................................. 12
Table 2.2 - Summary of resettlement cost, Raciborz reservoir (in million PLN) .................................. 12Table 2.3 - Summary of implementation cost Raciborz reservoir (million PLN) ................................. 12Table 2.4 - Cost of WFS (million PLN) ......................................................................... 17Table 2.5 - Breakdown of total cost of the project in million PLN ...................................................... 17Table 3.1 - Decentralised Government administration involved in Raciborz reservoir and WFS ........ 22Table 3.2 - Relevant Intemational treaties and conventions signed by Poland ..................................... 23Table 3.3 - Compliance of project with GOP legislation and WB policies ........................................... 26Table 5.1 - Average monthly rainfall in the Upper Odra catchments in mm ........................................ 31
Table 5.2 - Demographic conditions in three Upper Odra voivodships (2003) .................................... 43Table 5.3 - Employment in Upper Odra voivodships (total persons employed in sector) ..................... 43Table 5.4 - Economic activities in Upper Odra voivodships (relative contribution to GDP in %) ....... 44Table 5.5 - Total land use in ha and (%) .......................................................................... 44Table 5.6 - Land use in the Raciborz Polder .......................................................................... 45Table 5.7 - Agricultural land use in ha and (%) ......................................................................... 45Table 5.8 - Anadromous and potamodromous fish stock in the Upper and Middle Odra .................... 55Table 5.9 - Comparison of Polish categories of protected areas with IUCN classification system ...... 57Table 5.10 - List of historical hydraulic and bridge structures around Wroclaw ............ ..................... 64Table 6.1 - Potential Natura 2000 sites downstream of Raciborz affected by changes
in flood regime ......................................................................... 73Table 6.2 - Period of inundation and max. reservoir levels with various flood return periods
and maximum release ......................................................................... 74Table 8.1 - Summary of cost Environmental Management Plan ........................................................... 96Table 8.2 - Overview of environmental impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring activities ....... 97
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 - Location of the Odra basin in Central Europe ..................................................................... I
Figure 1.2 - Map of the catchment area of the Odra River ..................................................................... 3
Figure 2.1 - Map of the Raciborz reservoir ....................................................................... 11
Figure 2.2 - Map of the Wroclaw Floodway System (list of works - see Annex C) ........... ................. 15
Figure 5.1 - Geomorphological map of area upstream of Wroclaw ......................... ............................ 34
Figure 5.2 - Map of upper Odra river catchment ....................................................................... 37
Figure 5.3 - Original (I 739-1751) and present course of the Odra river .............................................. 38
Figure 5.4 - Odra river flood hydrograph at Miedonia cross-section in 1997 ...................................... 39
Figure 5.5 - Conductivity isolines of water bodies in the area of Raciborz reservoir (pS cm-') ........... 42
Figure 5.6 - Composition of forests in flood plain between Raciborz and Wroclaw .......... ................. 52
Figure 5.7 - Wetlands, swamps and humid meadows between Raciborz and Wroclaw ....................... 52
Figure 5.8 - Barriers in th Upper and Middle Odra River blocking migration of fish .......................... 53
Figure 5.9 - Designated and potential Natura 2000 sites in the project area .............. ......................... 58
Figure 5.10 - Known archeological sites downstream of Wroclaw (in 1941) ............. ........................ 59
Figure 5.11 - Location of known sites of two New Stone age cultures in the Raciborz area .............. 61
Figure 5.12 - Location of Bronze age sites in the WWS project area ...................... ............................ 62
Figure 9.1 - Institutional structure for implementation EMP-RAP .................................................... 103
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX A - Lists of plants and animals in the project area
Al. List of plants available in the project area
A2. List of invertebrates available in the project area
A3. List of amphibians available in the project area
A4. List of reptiles available in the project area
A5. List of birds available in the project area
A6. List of mammals available in the project area
A7. List of fish fauna available in the project area
ANNEX B - Impacts of the Raciborz reservoir on riverine ecosystemsin the Upper and Middle Odra river
ANNEX C - Project works in modernization of WFS
ANNEX D - Public consultation
Dl. Summary of meeting WWF and EA team on January 26TH, 2005
D2. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting in Wroclaw,on June 30TH, 2005
D3. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting in Raciborz,on July I ST, 2005
D4. Letter received from PTPP "pro Natura"
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
asi above sea level (Baltic Sea)
CITES Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species
CMW Conservator of Monuments in Wroclaw
CNS Conservator of Nature of Slaskie
COA Conservator of Antiquities
DEC Decision on Environmental Conditions
DZMiUW Lower Silesian Board for Amelioration and Water Management
EA Environmental Assessment
EC Electrical Conductivity (in milliSiemens cm-I)
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIB European Investment Bank
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPP Emergency Preparedness Plan
EU European UnionFMP Flood Management Plan
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GOP Government of Poland
gwt Groundwater table
IKSO International Commission on the protection of the Odra
IMGW Institute for Meteorology and Water Management
IPE Independent Panel of Experts
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
Mm3 million cubic meters
MOA Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
MOE Ministry of EnvironmentNGO Non-Governmental Organisation
O&M Operation and MaintenanceONDR Office of Natural Disasters Recovery
OP Operational policy of World Bank
ORFPP Odra River basin Flood Protection Project
OTKZ Dam's Monitoring Centre of IMGW
OZMiUW Opole Board for Amelioration and Water Management
PAA Polish Angling Association
PCU Project Coordination Unit
PLN Polish zloty (PLN 1.00 = Euro 0.248 = US$ 0.299 as of June 1, 2005)
PNS Potential Natura 2000 Site (EU nature conservation network)
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RZGW Regional Water Board
RZGWGL Regional Water Board Gliwice
RZGWWL Regional Water Board Wroclaw
SAC Special Area of Conservation (EU Habitat Directive)
SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment
SMOK System for Hydro-Meteorological forecasting
SPA Special Protected Area (EU Bird Directive)
WFD Water Framework Directive (EU)
WFS Wroclaw Floodway SystemWWF World Wide Fund for Nature
viii
Chapter 1 INTRODUCU7ON
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
The Odra River, with a total length of 866 km is one of the two main rivers of Poland,see Figure 1.1. The river flows out of the Oderskie Mountains belonging to the CentralEuropean highlands in the Czech Republic. Part of the upper catchment is situatedin the Silesian-Moravian part of the Sudetes Mountains, which have elevations up to 1 400 m.The relief is steep and the underlying clay shale is rather impermeable. This, combinedwith high annual rainfall (up to 1 400 mm) mainly concentrated in summer, results in rapidrunoff. The excessive drainage is aggravated by urbanisation, large scale deforestationand drainage of agricultural lands in hilly areas.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
After crossing the border at Chalupki the Odra river changes from a mountain stream
into a mature river system meandering because of a low gradient into its natural floodplain.
However, since the start of industrialisation in the middle of the 19 th century, large parts
of the river have been heavily modified. A total of 27 weirs, barrages and sluices have been
constructed between Raciborz and Wroclaw to regulate and improve navigation. Meanders
have been cut off and canalised and numerous groynes have been built to force the river
within its main streambed. Because of these interventions, the total length of the river
has shortened by an estimated 25%, whereas the width of the active floodplain has been
reduced by 50% or more.
However, at a number of places there are still important remnants left of the natural river
system, including alluvial forests, wet and flooded meadows, oxbows lakes and various other
types of wetland. Thus, the river landscape still contains sizeable important floodplain
habitats, a unique feature in Central and Western Europe. On its course, the Odra passes
a number of major towns, including Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Krapkowice, Opole, Brzeg, Olawa
and Wroclaw. In the latter city the river branches into a number of narrow channels flowing
through the historic city centre with its numerous ancient, picturesque bridges, sluices
and other water works.
The Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project was designed in the wake of the devastating
floods and large-scale inundations of the floodplain in the summer of 1997. This truly
dramatic event which occurred during the month of July took 54 lives and caused wide-spread
damage and loss of property. The total area affected by the floods (about 65 000 ha) included
urban and residential areas, mainly situated in three voivodships in the Upper and Middle
Odra region: Slaskie (Upper Silesia), Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia). Municipal
infrastructure, buildings and property in a number of cities and communities were heavily
damaged, including those in the town of Wroclaw (pop. 650 000). The floods damaged
37 000 buildings, 866 bridges and over 2 000 km of roads. Economic life in the area came
to a complete standstill and educational, cultural and health institutions were inundated
and disrupted for a considerable period of time. Total damage was estimated between
PLN 8.5-12.0 billion (US$ 2.8-4.0 billion).
The inundations were caused by a combination of two subsequent flood waves. The first one
was a peak flood, following heavy rainfall (over 200 mm) in a short period of time. It affected
an extensive area in the upper catchment of the Odra, see Figure 1.2, during the period 3 to 10
July 1997. The second wave occurred after extreme heavy rainfall (over 400 mm in 4 days)
in the same period in the Sudetes mountain range along the Czech-Polish border,
the catchment feeding one of the main tributaries of the Odra, the Nysa Klodzka River.
The combination of these two flood waves dramatically exposed the deficiencies
in the existing flood prevention system.
The flood prevention system consists of river embankments, a number of retention reservoirs
and storage polders, and several diversion and navigation channels. Most flood protection
infrastructure, dates from the beginning of the 2 0 1h century and turned out to be inadequate
to cope with such heavy floods. In particular, the embankments protecting the urban
agglomerations along the Odra and Nysa Klodzka rivers proved inadequate to curb
the encroaching flood waters. Overtopping and breaching of the flood protection dikes
occurred on a large scale. Also, flood forecasting, monitoring and warning systems performed
poorly and communications in general failed largely.
2
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
1.3 STRATEGIC CONTEXT: THE ODRA 2006 PROGRAMME
Meanwhile, on the initiative of the Regional Water Management Board in Wroclaw, studies
were started to develop a comprehensive flood-prevention strategy for the basin of Upper
and Middle Odra River (Winter J. and Zaleski J, 1998). These studies clearly revealed
that the existing flood protection system, even after repair and rehabilitation, is still below
standard and inadequate to guarantee safe passage of flood waters flows of the size of the July
1997-floods. It was felt that considerable additional investments would be required to reduce
flood risks to acceptable levels. It became also clear that the only realistic strategy to cope
with peak floods such as encountered in 1977 would only be guaranteed by the simultaneous
implementation of a number of measures:
1) Constructing retention reservoirs in the upper floodplain of the Odra, in order to create
temporary storage capacity for flood water hence reducing peak discharges downstream;
2) Improving and modernizing the existing flood protection system and dikes, particularly
in the densely urbanized and industrialized areas (high risk areas) in the floodplainbetween the Czech border and Brzeg Dolny, where a new weir and sluices complexin the Odra are built near Malczyce;
3) Increasing the carrying capacity of the Odra river channel and the Widawa flood relief by-
pass by removing a number of bottlenecks, and by widening of the riverbed.
After the floods of 1997 GOP has opted for cooperation at international level,i.e. with the two riparian countries (Germany and Czech Republic) sharing the Odra.
In August 1997, the three countries, already cooperating within the International Commission
on the Protection of the Odra against pollution (IKSO), took the initiative to extend
cooperation to the field of flood protection and land-use planning. Flood protectionof the populated Odra floodplain and modernization of the Odra water management system
was recognized as priority goals. For this purpose, GOP prepared the Odra 2006 Programme.
As 89% of the Odra catchment lies within Polish territory, this country agreed to bear 71%
of the cost of the programme, leaving 23% for Germany and 6% for the Czech Republic.
The Odra 2006 Programme (with total cost of PLN 9.0 billion) focuses on flood protection
and better water control, as well as on improvement of navigation and water quality. The
programme includes structural as well as non-structural measures. The structural measures
include:(a) reconstruction and modernization of dikes (PLN 365 m); (b) flood management
and river regulation structures (PLN 4 100 m); and (c) also sewage treatment plans to improve
the river water quality (PLN 3 600 m). The non structural measures include: (a) land use
planning (PLN 36 m); (b) environmental planning (PLN 242 million); (c) forestation(PLN 300 m); and (d) flood management monitoring (PLN 400 m).
Major flood protection works in the programme include the construction of a retention
reservoir at Raciborz and the modernization of the Wroclaw Floodway System (WFS).
The programme has been approved by the Polish Parliament (Sejm) under an Act of 6 July
2001. The programme will be implemented over a period of 15 years, between 2002
and 2016.
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.4 THE ODRA RIVER BASIN FLOOD PROTECTION PROJECT
The present Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project (ORFPP) supports the implementationof the two main project activities from the Odra 2006 Programme that aim at flood protectionof the Middle Odra valley, especially of the densely populated area around Wroclaw. Hence,the Project's main objective will be to reduce frequency and severity of flooding in the projectarea. This will be achieved by the following main works:
1) Construction of the Raciborz dry polder, which will provide flood storage so that the flowrate downstream of the reservoir will be greatly reduced, thereby improvingthe effectiveness of the existing flood protection system in containing the flows;
2) Improving the security of the embankments within the Wroclaw area by strengtheningand heightening existing dikes and constructing new dikes near urban areas and increasingthe carrying capacity of the Odra and Widawa River, so that more floodwater could by-pass the city of Wroclaw.
The construction of the Raciborz dry polder will also result in delayed arrival of the peakflood at the confluence of tributaries, especially the Nysa Klodzka, which will greatly reducethe chance flood damage caused by the simultaneous arrival of two peak floods as happenedduring the devastating floods of 1997.
1.5 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The World Bank requires an Environmental Assessment (EA) for all projects proposedfor Bank financing, in order to ensure that these projects are environmentally soundand sustainable. The ORFPP was classified as Category A. which essentially comprisesthose projects that may have significant environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverseor unprecedented in nature and may affect an area broader than the direct project sites.The project would necessitate an EA in view of the use of water resources of an internationalwaterway, the scope of the expected impacts from construction and operation, requiringthe resettlement of two villages and the potential impacts on natural habitats, landscapeelements and cultural property found within the Odra floodplain.
The projects' feasibility studies included an Environmental Impact Review (EIR)of environmentally sensitive sites and related risks prepared by the project consultants.However, to meet the Bank's requirements, and in particular to work out mitigating measuresand prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), it was decided that EIR's wouldhave to be upgraded to a full EA. Another consideration was that in view of the scale,magnitude and the potentially controversial nature of the Project, it was recommended to geta "second opinion" from a group of independent consultants.
The EA is an important tool for decision making. In the EA the projects' socialand environmental risks and impacts are evaluated in its area of influence, which is oftenlarger than the project area itself. Project alternatives are studied; negative and positiveenvironmental impacts are identified in relation to location, design, construction and operationof the project. Ways of preventing, reducing and mitigating adverse impacts are worked out,as well as measures to enhance the positive impacts of the project. The EA includes an EMPto be implemented under the project. The EA is restricted to the ORFPP and does not coverthe impacts of the entire Odra 2006 Programme.
5
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
1.6 THE EA TEAM
For the preparation of the EA the PCU recruited in November 2004 one internationalconsultant Mr Reitse Koopmans - teamleader (land & water management specialist)and two Polish consultants Prof Dr Wlodzimierz Czamara (hydrologist) and Dr Marek
Krukowski (ecologist). Valuable contributions were received of two other Polish consultants,
Prof. Wlodzimierz Wojciechowski (archaeologist) and Dr Jan Blachuta (ichthyologist).The team visited the project areas and all proposed sites of the project in the period
24 November-16 December 2004. Interviews with resource persons and stakeholders were
held and various institutions and local authorities were visited. The team participatedin a briefing on 9 December 2004 in Raciborz by the project consultant on the status
of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) which was under preparation. Public consultation
meetings on the draft version of the EA were held on June 30 and July 1, 2005 in respectively
Wroclaw and Raciborz.
1.7 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Social impacts occur in both project areas. In Raciborz, where a dry polder will be constructed
for storing flood water during peak flows, the project will include the acquisitionof about 2 600 ha of land and the involuntary resettlement of the residents of two villages
consisting of 240 families, involving about 700 people. The social aspects of resettlementwere studied in detail and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been preparedby the consultants involved in the Feasibility study. This Plan is presented in a separatedocument (Resettlement Action Plan, JacobsGIBB, July 2005).
The modernization of WFS may require some limited resettlement activities including
the removal and possible relocation of a complex of 77 ha of homestead gardensin the Widawa valley and some other facilities and buildings. Depending on the outcome
of the detailed designs it is still to be determined, which other works may require land
acquisition or relocation of facilities and people. These issues and their potential impacts
are only briefly addressed in this EA, but agreement with the investors has been reached
on the principles of mitigation and compensation during the completion of the final designs
in order to comply with the World Bank's Operational Policy on Involuntary Resttlement
(OP/BP 4.12). The final mitigation/compensation plan will then be included in RAP.
6
Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main objective of the project is to protect the population in the Upper and Middle sectionof the Odra River Floodplain against the loss of life and damage to property causedby extreme floods, such as the floods of 1997, which were the highest ever recorded.The project would protect more than 2.5 million people, major urban infrastructureand industrial and commercial establishments against flooding. Particularly, the project wouldprotect the city of Wroclaw, with its valuable historical sites and buildings, includingthe neighbouring densely populated urban and industrial areas. Implementation of the projectwould greatly reduce the risks and hazards of flooding in the Upper and Middle reachesof the Odra.
The project has been prepared on basis of feasibility studies for each of the projectcomponents. These studies have been used as the basis for the preparationof this Environmental Assessment (EA), but changes and adjustments during detailed designstudies (as far as available during the EA study) have also been taken into consideration:1) Feasibility study for the Raciborz Flood reservoir on the River Odra, Main Report,
& supporting Annexes (Hydroprojekt, JacobsGIBB), September 2003;
2) Feasibility study for the Modernization of the Wroclaw Water System, Main Report& supporting Annexes (Hydroprojekt, JacobsGIBB), February 2004.
2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS
The project is designed to meet the above objectives; it would consist of the componentsdescribed below:
Component A- Construction of Raciborz Dry Polder (E 218.3 million)A dry polder would be created on the Odra river not far from the border with the CzechRepublic near the town of Raciborz to store flood water. Total capacity of the reservoirwould be about 185 Mm 3. Main benefits from the reservoir will be (i) a reduction in the Odrapeak flows downstream so that the effectiveness of the existing flood defense systemwill be greatly improved and (ii) a delay in the timing of the flood peaks at the confluenceof the Odra with the Nysa Klodzka, so that the adverse combination of the two floodsthat was so damaging in 1997 will become unlikely in the future. These two phenomena,in combination, will result in a considerable reduction in the frequency and severity of futurefloods.
The works comprise a 4.0 km embankment across the Odra valley with a maximum heightof 10.5 m above the Odra river bed. Right and left bank dikes will be constructedfrom the main embankment along the valley upstream for lengths of 9.15 km and 9.5 km.respectively. The total reservoir area would be about 26.3 km2. A spillway structurewill be provided that will have six gates (12 m wide and 8.5 m high), and seven 4.4 m x 3.5 mbottom outlets with inverts at the sill level (183.0 m).
The construction of the polder would involve purchase of land, properties and resettlementof people living in the polder area. The resettlement related cost are estimated
7
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
about C 63.3 million, which includes the purchase of land, properties and the relocationof about 700 people living in the polder area.
Component B- Modernization of Wroclaw Floodway System (£ 253.8 million)
Currently, Wroclaw is subject to inundation with floods greater than 2 200 m3/s.The maximum flow during the 1997 flood was estimated at 3 640 m3/s at Trestno
(upstream of Wroclaw). The Raciborz dry polder would offer partial but not complete flood
protection. The flood protection for Wroclaw city is provided, in conjunctionwith the Raciborz polder, by modernizing and upgrading the flood protection system along
the Odra channels passing through and around Wroclaw city, as well as increasing their
hydraulic capacity. The necessary works for WFS comprise of three sub-components:
B.1 Improvements to Odra dikes and embankments. These improvements comprise:
(a) works to reduce the risk of failure by piping; (b) raising embankments where necessary;
and (c) works to increase the stability and height of existing retaining walls, particularlyin downtown Wroclaw.
B.2 Improvements to the Odra Channels. These improvements, which are designedto increase the hydraulic capacity of the Odra river, comprise widening and/or deepeningof the channels and works for related hydraulic structures: (a) the Odra Flood Channel(b) the Old Odra river channel along the City Canal, including works at the Rozanka weirand four bridges; (c) the City canal; (d) the City Odra river channel, includingthe reconstruction of the weir at the Wroclaw I Power Plant and improved flood protectionfor Popowice harbor; and (e) the Odra river channel from the Old Odra/City Odra junctionto the Odra/Widawa confluence; and (f) works for Redzin barrage.
B.3 Flood relief through the Widawa Transfer. The design capacity of the existing Odra-
Widawa diversion will be increased to about 185 m3/s of flow in times of flood danger(320 m3/s under extreme conditions). This also requires an increase in the capacityof the Widawa river channel. These project works consist of: a new gated weir at the off-take
of the Odra-Widawa diversion channel; widening the floodplain of this channel;and the reconstruction of existing flood dikes, removal of some existing flood dikes,the construction of new flood dikes and the remodelling of one railway bridge and five road
bridges along the Widawa River. About C 13.2 million are included in the component to cover
the RAP implementation cost.
Component C- Improving Flood Management, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Supervision
of the EMP & RAP (C 26.6 million)The component would consist of the following sub-components: (i) improving flood
management in the Odra River Basin, (ii) continued support to improve the flood forecasting
system, to ensure that the system of hydro-meteorological forecasting, currently beinginstalled would remain operational, (iii) continued improvements in the flood protectionand management plans and assistance in development of projects in the floodsector, (iv) monitoring and evaluation of the project's impact, including the implementationand monitoring of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), and the Resettlement Action
Plan (RAP) and (v) implementation of works identified under the EMP that are not included
in other components and that cannot be funded from other projects under the Odra 2006
Programme.
8
Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Component D- Project Management, Technical Assistance and Training (E 5.1 million)This component would support the Government in implementing the project and preparea follow-on project. It would include: (a) support for the operation of the Project CoordinationUnit (PCU) and implementing agencies, and financing of overall project management,as well as technical assistance in such areas as detailed design, contract administrationand construction supervision, procurement, and financial management; (b) a modestinstitutional strengthening program, including technical assistance and training. This wouldinvolve the financing of consulting services, and foreign visits, equipment and softwarefor project management.
2.3 THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER
2.3.1 GENERAL
The Raciborz dry polder', with a flood storage volume of 185 Mm3 will be constructedin an area along the Odra between the town of Raciborz and the earlier constructed Bukowpolder. The dry polder is a reservoir for storage of peak floods and will be createdby constructing a 4.0 km long dam across the Odra valley. The dam will be constructedof local cohesive soils, with a toe drain at the downstream slope. Outlet worksand other appurtenant structures will be built in the river to facilitate navigation throughthe reservoir. Right and left bank dikes will be constructed from the main dam along the sidesof the valley upstream for a length of 8.8 km and 9.5 km respectively. For the constructionof embankments local available gravels and soil will be used. The total reservoir areais about 26.3 km2 . The plan of the reservoir is shown in Figure 2.1.
During normal flows the outlet gates in the control structure will remain openand the reservoir will be dry. During times of peak floods the gates will be used to limitoutflow to the minimum possible, subject to the constraint that the water level in the reservoirwill not exceed 195.2 m maximum storage level. The outlet structure will be designedto safely pass the Probable Maximum Flood, which has been estimated at 3 700 m 3/s.
The reservoir area is underlain by gravel deposits which are currently being extractedby mining companies. The gravel deposits in the polder area are likely to last for another30 years. Continuing gravel excavation would gradually increase the storage capacityof the reservoir by another 10 million m3 .
2.3.2 RESETTLEMENT
The creation of the reservoir will involve the resettlement of some 240 families from twovillages, Nieboczowy and Ligota Tworkowska that are situated in the proposed reservoir area.The recommended Resettlement Action Plan, which is based on the precepts of the WorldCommission on Dams, provides for continuing collaboration between RZGWGLand the affected families in participatory resettlement planning.
The term "dry polder" is used in this report to describe a flood retention reservoir which is only operationalduring high floods to store floodwater during a short period of time.
9
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
2.3.3 PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESERVOIR
Length of reservoir dike: 4.0 km
Length of left resp. right embankment: 9.5 km + 9.15 km
Embankment crest level: 197.5 m
Maximum embankment height: 10.5 m
Maximum flood storage level: 195.2 m
Flood storage area at max level: 26.3 km2
Permanent flood storage volume 185 Mm3
between normal and max level:
2.3.4 THE EMBANKMENT AND OUTLET WORKS
The embankment will be constructed of compacted earth fill material excavated from within
the reservoir area. The crest level will be 197.5 m, a maximum height of 10.5 m above the bed
of the Odra River and 2.3 m above the maximum reservoir level, meeting Polish regulations.
Both upstream and downstream faces will be protected by grass cover that will be established
on a layer of topsoil placed of the compacted fill. The embankment is homogenous except
for a downstream berm of gravel which is intended to provide drainage to the cohesive fill.
The outlet works comprise a gated structure consisting of a reinforced concrete fore bay
with a 115 m wide apron at 180.5 m level and concrete side walls, 5 bays each 12 m wide
with a sill set at 183 m level and one navigable flat sill at 180.5 m level. The bays
are separated by 7.4 m wide piers which house the gate operating mechanism.
There will be vertical lift gates and a reinforced concrete bridge over the bays. A reinforced
concrete stilling basin will be built downstream of the structure. The basin will be 115 m wide
and 55 m long, with side retaining walls. An outlet channel protected with gabions and riprap
will be provided to allow for water discharge into the river.
The spillway's openings are equipped with steel vertical flat gates, each 60 ton in weight
operated by hydraulic drives at both ends. A 600 kVA standby generator will be provided
at the outlet works in case of a power failure.
2.3.5 ANCILLARY WORKS
Ancillary works will comprise an outlet structure to the old City Odra branch flowing through
the city of Raciborz. This will enable the evacuation of extra water into the old Odra river bed
for environmental and aesthetic reasons. The natural Psina river outlet into the Odra in
the reservoir area will remain for discharge during normal flow. A new stormwater outlet
for this river will be created through the construction of a new channel outside the left
embankment and between the railway line to Chalupki. The channel will flow into the old
Raciborz City Odra.
A number of smaller tributaries and streams flowing from the neighbouring hills towards
the Odra (e.g. Plinc River) will be cut off during operation of the reservoir. Five small
pumping stations are planned to facilitate drainage of these small catchment areas when
the reservoir is filled.
The necessity of an auxiliary spillway construction to increase the safety of the dike in case
of mechanical malfunction of the outlet structure will be subject to further studies
and will be decided in the detailed design stage.
10
Chapter 2 -PROJECT DESCRIP77ON
.. ~~~~~~- I
sF - I ~~t '.- t 7
Map of the Raciborz reservir '. ; . . .
-Embankments of the reservoir- i --.- New stretch of the Odra_ 3 ar '£ -. ?
*-Psina stormwater flood channel $\ -
.. Boundary of the Wielikat ponds - ^' g \' .Ef Vulnerable natural habHtats- :-\\.>,-\) '
I1 Tworkowski Forest x t ,; x tj
3 - Meadows E of Niebor-zowy -;' _" ,- -
4-8Brzezie ponds . ; ' '- 5- Psina outlet ,; . >'- -4..-t' :-
Figure 2.1 - Map of the Raciborz reservoir
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
2.3.6 CONSTRUCTION COST
A summary of construction cost of the reservoir is given in Table 2. 1.
Table 2.1 - Summary of construction cost, Raciborz reservoir (in million PLN*)
No. Description Base case alignment
1 Embankment incl. spillway 192.8
2 Outlet structures 67.1
3 Drainage 33.4
4 Miscellaneous 10.6
5 General items 33.4
6 Physical contingencies 33.7
Total construction cost 371.0
*) 2002 cost exci taxes
The cost of resettlement of the population of two villages are presented in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2 - Summary of resettlement cost, Raciborz reservoir (in million PLN*)
No. Description Without amortisation *) With amortisation
1 Buildings 160 91
2 Land 37 37
3 Additional houses for 75 families 7.5 7.5
4 Infrastructure at new site 5.8 5.8
5 Loss of business opportunities 2.1 2.1
6 Cemetery relocation 1.9 1.9
7 Other cost incl. M&E 0.8 0.8
8 Contingencies 21.5 14.6
Total resettlement cost 236.6 160.7
*) represents compensation against full market value
Table 2.3 shows the cost of implementation associated with the construction of the reservoir.
Table 2.3 - Summary of implementation cost Raciborz reservoir (million PLN*)
No. Description Cost
1 Detailed designs, tender documents and procurement 12
2 Site investigation and surveys 2
3 Client administration 28
4 Construction supervision 20
Total implementation cost 62
*) 2002 cost excl. taxes
Annual O&M costs are estimated at 1.4 million PLN, which is equivalent to less than 0.5%
of the capital cost.
12
Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.4 THE MODERNIZATION OF THE WROCLAW FLOODWAY SYSTEM
2.4.1 GENERAL
Wroclaw is subject to floods exceeding 2 200 m3/s. The maximum flow during the 1997 floodwas estimated at 3 640 m3/s at Trestno, some 5 km upstream of Wroclaw. The Raciborz floodretention reservoir would offer partial but not complete protection against floods. GOPregulations require first class structures with a crest level of embankment at least risingto the water level of floods with a probability of once in 1 000 years, and second classstructures for floods with a probability of once in 333 years.
Adequate protection would in fact mean protection against a flood similar to the one in 1997.Allowing for a reduction in the peak flow on account of the Raciborz reservoir, the designflow at Brzeg Most (upstream of Wroclaw) was taken at 3 100 m 3/s. Flood protectionfor Wroclaw city is provided by modernizing and upgrading the flood control systemto such an extent that the system could adequately deal with such a flood.
2.4.2 SUB-COMPONENTS OF WFS
The modernization of the Wroclaw Floodway System comprises three main sub-components:
1) Improvement of the security of the existing Odra dikes and embankments
2) Improvement of the hydraulic capacity of the existing Odra channels
3) Construction of the Widawa Flood Relief channel
The location of main projects is shown in Figure 2.2 (description - see Annex C).
1. Improvements to Odra dikes
The improvements comprise: (i) works to reduce the risk of failure by piping, (ii) raisingembankment height where necessary, and (iii) works to increase the stability and heightof existing city boulevards.
The works will be carried out at the following locations':
* Flood levees of Kotowice-Siedlce (10.8 km) [1];
* Left side flood levees of Olawka Polder (9.3 km) [2];
* Flood levees of Blizanowice-Trestno Polder (6.1 km) [3];
* Ring-type flood levees of Opatowice and Nowy Dom (5.7 km) [4, 5];
* Flood levees along Groblice-Siechnice section (4.7 km) [20];
* Left side flood levees of Odra River along sections Popowice Kozanow, Maslice, PraczeOdrzanskie, Janowek with Water Treatment Plant (14.3 km) [13, 14, 15, 16, 17. 18];
* Right side flood levees along sections Janowice. Jeszkowice, Kamieniec Wr., Lany,Wojnow, Zalesie-Zacisze. Osobowice and Redzin (13.7 km) [6, 7, 8. 9, 10];
* Constructions of down-town junction boulevards (7.4 km) [22];
Figures in [square brackets] rely to the symbols of works used in Annex C and in Figure 2.2.
13
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
* Removal of the embankments of the Paniowice Polder (5.2 km), removal
of the embankment along Redzin-Lesnica section (2.7 km) and removal
of the embankment at Redzin barrage of total length 9.0 km [11, 12, 19].
2. Improvements to the Odra channel
These improvements, which are designed to increase the hydraulic capacity of the Odra
within the city's premises, comprise the following':
* Remodelling of Flood Canal: widening (50 m) and deepening (109.0 m asl) [25, 28, 29];
* Remodelling works of Odra River City Canal, including the widening, deepening,
construction of protected slopes and boulevards (2.7 km); the modernization of flood gate;
and the modernization of the City navigation lock [21, 24, 35, 36];
* Remodelling of Old Odra River Channel along Municipal Canal including the widening
of the river channel, reduction of guiding embankment at Rozanka navigation lock;
the rebuilding of the Rozanka weir; increasing capacity under Warszawski, Trzebnicki
and Osobowicki bridges; additional protection for Popowice river harbour [23, 26, 30, 31,
32, 33, 34, 37];
* Remodelling of South Odra river channel (City section), including the reconstruction
of the weir at Wroclaw I Power Plant [38];
* Remodelling of Odra River Channel from junction with Old Odra channel to Widawa
confluence including widening, dredging and construction of side slopes revetments [27];
* Remodelling of Redzin Barrage [39].
3. Widawa flood relief channel
The capacity of the existing Odra-Widawa diversion channel and the Widawa river floodplain
towards the confluence of the Widawa into the Odra will be increased to about 300 m3/s of
flow in times of flood danger. These project works include':
* Along the Odra-Widawa transfer channel the following works: a new gated weir at the off-
take of the Odra-Widawa Canal with an embankment spillway, the reconstruction
of existing flood levees (2.4 km), the construction of new flood levees (2.6 km),
the removal of existing flood embankments (2.2 km); the reconstruction of the existing
railway bridge on Miloszyce-Wroclaw Kowale trace and the reconstruction of the existing
road bridge at Swojczycka street [40, 41, 44, 45, 46];
* In the Widawa valley the following works are required: reconstruction of an existing road
bridge over Stara Widawa at Glowna Street, the reconstruction of existing bridges along
the Widawa river at Krzywousty Street, Sulowska Street bridge and Pegowski bridge,
the construction of new flood levees along the valley (23.9 km), the modernization
of existing flood levees (2.1 km), the removal of existing flood levees and the removal
of existing allotment gardens (77.0 ha) [42, 43, 44, 45].
Next page: Figure 2.2 - Map of the Wroclaw Floodway System(list of works - see Annex C)
'Figures in [square brackets] rely to the symbols of works used in Annex C and in Figure 2.2.
14
Map of the Wroclaw Floodway System
WJ Numbers of project worksConstruction of new embankmentsReconstruction of the existing embankments
/M i-4 . . Removal of the existing embankmentsRemodelling of riverbeds(widening and deepening)
i-r J
W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ..
I 2~ 3 k
-4:~~~~~~~~~~~4
A-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Chapter 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.4.3 COST OF WFS
The implementation cost of WFS is estimated as PLN 682 million, made up as shownin Table 2.4
Table 2.4 - Cost of WFS (million PLN*)
Item Wroclaw Floodway System
Dike Channel capacity Widawa Total WFSimprovement increase transfer
Construction 253.5 254.9 87.3 595.7Social costs 0.2 9.4 26.0 35.6Administration 21.5 21.8 7.5 50.8& engineering
Total 275.2 286.1 120.8 682.1*) 2003 cost excl taxes
2.5 TOTAL COST AND BENEFITS OF THE ORFPP
2.5.1 TOTAL COST OF INVESTMENT
The implementation cost of the project is estimated as PLN 1 352 million, a breakdownis given in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5 - Breakdown of total cost of the project in million PLN
Issue Raciborz reservoir WFS TotalConstruction 371 596 967Resettlement 237 36 273Implementation 62 51 112Total 670 682 1 352
2.5.2 OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
Annual O&M cost for Raciborz reservoir is estimated at PLN 1.4 million/year.
Additional O&M cost for the modernized WFS including the Widawa transfer is estimatedat PLN 0.5 million/year.
2.5.3 EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SCHEME
Simulation modelling has shown that the project is effective in reducing flood levelsin the Odra for a large range of flood severity: it is particularly effective for floodswith a return period in the range 100-500 years. In particular it will provide almost fullprotection to the city of Wroclaw against future floods of similar magnitude as those of 1997.After completion of the Project, it is expected that flood damages such as inflicted in 1997will be reduced by 99%.
17
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
2.5.4 PROJECT BENEFITS
Benefits are categorised as primary, secondary and intangible. Primary benefits
are from the reduction in flood damage resulting from the construction of the project.
It is estimated that the cost of the damage inflicted by the 1997 flood between Raciborz
and Trestno (just upstream of Wroclaw) was PLN 4.5 billion. The value of the reduction
of the average annual damages due to the dry reservoir - the annual benefit - is estimated
at PLN 122 million. Secondary benefits are those from the exploitation of gravel
from within the reservoir. Intangible benefits are not measurable but real benefits
from the reduction in frequency and severity of flooding could be in the range of cost
of the damage inflicted by the 1997 floods.
2.5.5 ECONOMIC VIABILITY
The project has an economic internal rate of return of 17.3%. The secondary benefits of gravel
extraction in the Raciborz reservoir have been taken into account in this calculation.
18
Chapter 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
CHAPTER 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVEFRAMEWORK
3.1 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SETTING
Integration of the Republic of Poland into the European Union (EU) has been the main socio-economic and legislative issue that has dominated political life for the last decade. Polandapplied in 1994 for the membership of the EU together with a number of other Centraland East European countries. In 1997 a national strategy for integration was approvedin the Sejm (Lower house of Parliament) and in 1998 negotiations on Poland's accessto the Union started. This process was successfully concluded in May 2004 when Polandofficially entered the EU as a full member.
In order to meet the requirements of the so-called Community Acquis, a complex processof harmonizing existing Polish legislation with that of the EU was implemented.New legislation had to be promulgated in many fields. In 1999, during this transitional period,GOP also introduced a new decentralized government structure based on self-governanceon voivodship (provincial) level. At the national level, short-term and long-term strategiesfor socio-economic, infrastructural and human resources development of the various sectorswere prepared as guidelines for provincial development plans to be implementedafter accession. Also, a long-term strategy for sustainable development has been adopted,integrating environmental concerns into all sectoral policies.
Most new legislation and procedures, as well as newly established local authorities, are nowin place and an Agenda 2000 Programme for the transitional period 2000-2006 has beenadopted. Understandably, more time is needed to enhance capacities of the decentralizedgovernmental structures, and to transform the environmental and sectoral departmentsof the voivods into effective units. At present, spatial planning and environmental protectionmeasures are being designed at regional level, whereas their implementation and enforcementis the responsibility of local level (Powiat's and Gmina 's). For the latter, such tasksare completely new.
3.2 DECENTRALISED GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION
Decentralisation and reform of public administration during the nineties, includingthe adopted modifications in the legal system, dramatically changed the internal structure,the decision-making process and the management of public funds. The reform startedat the local (Gmina) level and later on the new responsibilities at higher levels were defined.This coincided with the pre-accession actions needed for integration into the EU. The reformresulted in an increase in the responsibilities of local authorities. The assignmentof responsibilities between the various levels of administration in Poland is still a matterof evolution.
1. Gmina
The Gmina covers all public matters of local importance that are not statutory responsibilitiesof other entities, such as landscape and land use management, environmental protection,sewerage, waste disposal and treatment, electricity, gas supply, public transportationand reforestation. Gmina's usually consist of a few rural communities and have a populationof 10 000-15 000 inhabitants on average.
19
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
2. Powiat
The Powiat governs a group of neighbouring communities or a town. The average number
of inhabitants of a Powiat is between 80 000-100 000. The main responsibilities are: transport
and public roads, town planning and buildings, water management, environmental protection
and nature conservation, agriculture, forestry, inland fisheries, public order and security, flood
control, fire protection and emergencies, labour market and unemployment. Powiats have
an important coordinating task between Gmina' s in implementing local programmes.They are involved in EIA's in the sectors which belong to their responsibility. Clearance
of EIA's is given by EIA commissions, which exist on voivodship and national level.
3. Voivodship
Provincial governments are the most important bodies to plan and implement a regional
development strategy. A Voivodship has a population between 1.5-5 million (2.4 million
on average) and has two parallel structures: (i) a regional branch of the central government
(urzad wojewodzki - voivod) and (ii) an independent democratically elected authority (sejmik
wojewodzki - marshal). They have their own budget and competence to accomplish statutory
tasks. Voivods are responsible for stimulating economic development, maintaining technical
and social infrastructure, securing public and private funds to finance public utility projects,
education, sustainable development and resource use, research & development, technology
and innovation, cultural heritage and culture. The self-governance structure can apply
for state-support in planning and implementing provincial programmes, in which case they
have to arrange an agreement with the Council of Ministers. Voivoids have an important
responsibility for environmental management and evaluation of EIA's and may give final
clearance.
3.3 POLISH LAWS APPLICABLE
Poland has adopted a national policy of sustainable development. Excessive pollution of air
and water is considered to be the main environmental threat at the short-and medium-term,
but the protection of the quality of natural resources and the preservation of natural habitats
also form major elements in this policy. Preventive measures, "polluter pays" principle,
and combating environmental pollution at source are the guiding principles of this policy.
Law enforcement and control of strict law-abidingness has become a major issue in this
policy. Legislation related to the project is shown below:
Direct Applicable Polish Environmental Laws:
* Environmental Protection Law (2001), which includes provisions on EnvironmentalImpact Assessment (EIA), and procedures for public consultation and public access
of to environmental information, amended on May 18, 20051;
* Historical Conservation and Protection Act (2003), which describes the objectivesand measures needed for the protection of cultural heritage and historic and archaeological
monuments;
* Nature Conservation Law (2004), which regulates the protection of the natural
environment, including the protection of valuable habitats, flora & fauna and Natura 2000
sites.
That amendment introduces amendments to other acts: o.a. Construction Law, Act on Land Use, Nature
Conservation Law etc.
20
Chapter 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
Other Relevant Polish Laws:
* Water Law (2001), which describes the objectives and instruments for managementand conservation of surface and groundwater resources and of flood control risks;
* Odra River Act (2001), which defines the Odra 2006 Programme;
* Land Use Act (1 994),which describes the procedure to change land use and to obtain sitepermit for the selected location of the investment project;
* Building Law (1994), which describes the procedure to obtain a permit to startconstruction of an investment project.
3.4 POLISH ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
The requirements for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prepared under Polish laware very comparable with those of the World Bank. The procedure is somewhat different,mainly because of the decentralized GOP administration. Under Polish Law EIAs are requiredfor the ORFPP at two different levels:
1) Local EIAs of sub-components are prepared in order to obtain site and constructionpermits from local authorities. The procedure includes an administrative decisionformulating environmental conditions to be reflected in the final designs. A recentamendment' to the Environmental Protection Law simplified the administrative procedurefor an EIA to a one-stage procedure instead of two-stage procedure. The amended Lawintroduces a mandatory administrative procedure for all investors to obtain a Decisionon Environmental Conditions (DEC). Such a decision is to be issued prior to theprocedure for the approval of final designs to obtain a construction permit for aninvestment project. The technical documentation should then properly address the issuesraised in the DEC. In addition the documentation should be in line with provisions of localland use plans and site permit. Thus, the procedure is strongly integrated in the entireapproval procedure for new investments implemented by the local and regionaladministration. EIAs are compulsory for all investments, which may change the land useand may have significant effects on the environment, especially for works to be conductedin or near special conservation areas, e.g. Natura 2000 sites;
2) EIAs on national or regional level are required for major national projectsand investments which may have impacts in more than one voivodship. This is the casein the ORFPP, where the impacts of the project will extend over the entire Upperand Middle Odra floodplain from Chalupki to Brzeg Dolny, which is an area belongingto three different voivodships: Slaskie, Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie. Accordingto the Ministry of Environment this EA study meets the requirements for a national ElAin compliance with Polish environmental legislation.
The Polish requirements are also comparable with the EA requirements as per EU CouncilDirective 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain publicand private projects on the environment (and as amended by Council Directive 97/11 /ECof 3 March 1997); and with Directive 2001/42 on the Assessment of the Effects of CertainPlans and Programmes on the Environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)Directive).
On July 27. 2005
21
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
3.5 THE EIA PROCEDURE
The environmental procedure, as defined in the legislation, must address the following issues:
* The direct and indirect impacts of a project on the environment, human health, and quality
of human life, material assets and cultural heritage;
* The possibilities and ways of preventing and reducing adverse impactson the environment;
* The required scope of monitoring.
The Polish environmental protection law also sets out the elements that should be included
in an EIA report. The law requires notification and public consultation at the time
of the application for the Site Permit, as well as at the time of application for the Construction
Permit.
The Law also provides a formal framework for public comments on EIA's submitted
to authorities, and defines specific notification procedures for projects with trans-boundary
environmental impacts.
The procedure for ORFPP, to implement local EIAs and to obtain subsequently Site
and Construction Permits is rather complicated, since a number of lower administrative levels
are involved (see Table 3.1) as well as three different investors: (i) Component A,
the dry polder will be implemented by RZGWGL (Gliwice) and (ii) Component B,
the Modernization of WFS will be implemented by RZGWWL (Wroclaw) in cooperation
with DZMiUW (Wroclaw).
Table 3.1 - Decentralised Government administration involvedin Raciborz reservoir and WFS
Issue Investor Powiat Gmina
Raciborz reservoir RZGW-Gliwice . Lubomia (*)Wodzislaw
Kornowac
Raciborz KrzyzanowiceRaciborz
Wroclaw Floodway RZGW-Wroclaw Wolow Brzeg DolnySystem DZMiUW-Wroclaw Olawa (urban)
Olawa Jelcz-Laskowice
Olawa (rural)
Sroda Slaska Miekinia
Oborniki SlaskieTrzebnica Wisznia Mala
Swieta Katarzyna
Wroclaw (rural) Czernica
Dlugoleka
City of Wroclaw Wroclaw (*)
(*) lead Gmina
22
Chapter 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
3.6 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
Poland has signed most international treaties and conventions on environment, pollutioncontrol, nature and biodiversity conservation. The most relevant international treatiesand conventions signed are shown in Table 3.2 below.
Table 3.2 - Relevant International treaties and conventions signed by Poland
Treaty or Convention In Brief descriptionRamsar Convention 1971 Protection of wetlands
World Cultural and Natural 1972 Protection of major cultural and natural monumentsHeritage (Paris)
CITES convention 1973 Ban and restrictions on international trade in endangered(Washington) species of wild fauna and flora
Bern Convention 1979 Conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats
Bonn Convention 1979 Conservation of migratory species of wild animals
Convention of EIA in trans- 1991 Assessment of EIA in certain projects with trans-boundaryboundary context effects and notification and consultation procedures(Espoo convention)
Convention on Biological 1992 Conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of itsDiversity (Rio de Janeiro) components and access to genetic resources
International Protocol on bat 1991 Protection of batsprotection in Europe(EUROBAT)
Helsinki convention 1992 Protection of the marine environment of the Baltic sea area(New HELCOM)
International Commission 1996 Prevention and long-term decreasing of pollution of Odraon the Protection of the Odra river systemagainst pollution
Aarhus Convention 1998 Free access to information and equal rights of publicparticipation in environmental issues
3.7 APPLICABLE EU DIRECTIVES
With accession into the EU, Poland is in the position to implement the majorityof the environmental acquis, which includes approximately 200 legal instruments.EU directives relevant for the project are the following:
* Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats, wild fauna & flora.The fundamental purpose of this directive is to establish a network of protected areascalled Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) throughout the Community in orderto maintain both the distribution and the abundance of threatened species and habitats;
* Bird Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds. This Directive imposesstrict legal obligations on Member States to maintain populations of wild birds accordingto ecological requirements and to take special measures to conserve the habitatof threatened species through the designation of Special Protection Areas (SPA);
23
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
* Natura 2000 is the EU network of protected areas and includes both SACs accordingto the Habitat Directive and SPAs of the Birds Directive. GOP has published (MOE, May
2005) a list of areas in Poland, which are proposed to EU as Potential Natura Sites (PNS).
The list includes 4 PNS (3 SACs and 1 SPA site') situated in or near the Raciborz dry
polder and 6 PNS (4 SACs and 2 SPAs 1) downstream of Raciborz in the impact area
of the ORFPP. Approval for inclusion of the Polish PNS list in the European Natura
Network still has to be formalized, but according to the procedure all potential sites have
to be treated as protected areas under the Habitat and Bird Directives pending final EU
endorsement;
* EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD). This directive is an important
step towards sustainable use of water resources in Europe. Primarily throughthe development and implementation of River Basin Management Plans, the WFD
requires Member States to take measures to achieve the environmental objective of "good
status" for their rivers, lakes and coastal waters by 2015. Integrated River Basin
Management Plans will be prepared during the coming years;
* EU Council Directive 85/337/EEC on EIA. The requirements of the Polish
environmental legislation are in line with this EU Council Directive on the assessment
of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (and as amended
by Council Directive 97/1 1/EC of 3 March 1997);
* EU Council Directive 2001/42 on the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Plans
and Programmes on the Environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive).
This SEA Directive is an important step forward in European environmental law.
At the moment, major projects likely to have an impact on the environment must
be assessed under Directive 85/337/EEC. However, this assessment takes place at a stage
when options for significant change are often limited. Decisions on the site of a project,
or on the choice of alternatives, may already have been taken in the context of plans
for a whole sector or geographical area. The SEA Directive - 2001/42/EC - plugs this gap
by requiring the environmental effects of a broad range of plans and programmesto be assessed, so that they can be taken into account while plans are actually being
developed, and in due course adopted. The public must also be consulted on the draft
plans and on the environmental assessment and their views must be taken into account.
3.8 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
The following environmental and social policies of the World Bank are applicable
on the project:
* Operational Policy 4.01 - Environmental Assessment. The World Bank requires an EA
for all projects proposed for Bank financing, in order to ensure that these projects
are environmentally sound and sustainable. The ORFPP was classified as Category A,
because of the scope of the expected impacts from construction and operation,the resettlement of two villages, the impacts expected on natural habitats, landscapeand cultural property and the use of the Odra as an international waterway. A preliminaryenvironmental analysis was carried out as part of the project feasibility studiesby the engineering consultants. A team of independent EA consultants (see paragraph 6)
reviewed this preliminary analysis and carried out additional studies, including detailed
assessment of potential impacts and prepared a full fledged EA, including EMPs.
partly overlapping
24
Chapter 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
* Operational Policy 4.04 - Natural Habitats. In the Odra valley there are a numberof critical natural habitats of national significance. The Raciborz polder areas as wellas the downstream floodplains include sensitive and protected natural habitats,which will be impacted by the proposed project. Therefore OP 4.04 applies. Duringthe EA several consultations were held with national nature conservation organisationsin order to plan potential mitigation measures to reduce adverse impacts of the projecton riverine habitats and wetlands, as defined by the Policy.
* Operational Policy Note 11.03 - Cultural Property. This Policy applies sincethe project involves large scale earth moving and dredging in parts of the Odra floodplainwith numerous old settlements and archaeological sites. Within the city of Wroclaw thereare many historic monuments including hydraulic structures and bridges which also mightbe affected by the reconstruction of water management structures.
* Operational Policy 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement. Two villages will be resettledaffecting some 240 families (about 700 people). Separate social studies have been carriedout and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared aimed at minimizingresettlement and offering adequate compensation or settlement alternatives in conformitywith World Bank policies and Polish law.
* Operational Directive 4.37 - Safety of Dams. The Raciborz dry polderwill be constructed upstream of a densely populated area. The Bank's O.P. 4.37 on DamSafety is therefore applicable. GOP will be constituting an independent panel of expertsto review the designs and the operational and maintenance aspects of the project.
* Operational Policy 7.50 - Projects on International Waterways. The project is situatedalong an international waterway which is shared by three countries: Czech Republic (6%),Poland (89%) and Germany (5%). The three governments are cooperating in the fieldof flood control, river management and water quality through the InternationalCommission on the Protection of the Odra (IKSO), which is based in Wroclaw. Lettersto notify the riparian states of the Odra River and the Odra Commission, advising themof the project scope, design details and environmental impacts have been sent.
* Bank Policy 17.50 - Public Disclosure. The EA report according to Bank Policy wouldbe made available to the Public by disclosure at public libraries or other places accessiblefor project affected groups, NGOs and private persons.
3.9 COMPLIANCE WITH POLISH LEGISLATION AND WORLD BANKPOLICIES
The present status of compliance of the project with Polish legislation and World Bankpolicies is indicated in Table 3.3. For Component A the local authorities have issued a sitepermit in July 2004 and the procedure for obtaining a construction permit, includingpreparation of a local EIA for this component is on-going and will be completed late 2005.For Component B, consisting of 13 contracting packages, 6 local EIAs will be preparedduring 2005 and 2006 and construction permits will be issued following the completionof final designs. Requirements on public consultations and disclosure of EIAs have beenfollowed and will be completed when the polish version of the national EIA reportis disclosed later this year. Actions have been taken to meet the other requirementsfor the project in order to be in full compliance with Polish legislation and World Bankenvironmental policies.
25
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Table 3.3 - Compliance of project with GOP legislation and WB policies
Legislation/ Actions taken to complyPolicy
GOP Environmental Site Permit for component A approved (July 2004)
legislation Protection Law Complete local EIA to obtain Construction Permit for Component A
Complete disclosure and approve National EIA (MOE)
Prepare local ElAs for selected sub-projects under Component B
Implement disclosure and public consultation process ElAs
Historic Inventories of cultural and historic monuments Component A
Conservation completed (2005)& Protection Law Complete Archaeological inventory Component B as soon as final
design completed
Prepare Final designs in consultation with Conservatorof Monuments
Include chance-find procedure in contract documents
Nature Discuss with stakeholders and prepare detailed proposalsConservation for mitigation/compensatory measures for Tworkowski ForestLaw and affected PNS downstream of Raciborz to be included in project
(Component C5)
World Bank OP 4.01 - Overall EA and Public Consultations completedpolicy Environmental Prepare local ElAs for selected sub-projects under Component B
Assessment (EA)Follow up mitigation measures through implementation of EMP
Implement training and capacity building in environmentalmanagement
OP 4.04 - Implement Inventories, Monitoring, and Mitigation & Compensation
Natural Habitats measures for special conservation areas included in EMP
OP 11.03 - Archaeological inventory for Component A completedCultural Property Implement compensation/relocation of Historic and religious property
in component A (RAP)
Complete archaeological inventory for Component B after completionof final design
Include Chance find procedures in contract documents
OP 4.12 - RAP and Public Consultation Component A completedInvoluntary Complete RAP for Component B minimizing need for resettlement;Resettlement
Implement RAP
Monitor results
OP 4.37 - Install Independent Panel of Experts to review designs
Safety of Dams Prepare Emergency Preparedness Plan together with stakeholders
Modernize Flood Forecasting and prepare Flood Management Plans
OP 7.50 - Riparian states of the Odra River and IKSO have been notifiedProjects on about scope, details and environmental impacts of projectInternationalWaterways
BP 17.50 - Disclose full results of EA in libraries, web-sites etc.Public Disclosure
26
Chapter 4 ANALYSES OF ALTERNA TIVES
CHAPTER 4 ANALYSES OF ALTERNATIVES
4.1 THE WITHOUT PROJECT SCENARIO
Damages due to recurrent floods in the Odra River are very high. At least ten large floodsof the Odra were recorded during the last half of the 2 0 th century. The flood of 1997 wasby far the largest and most devastating ever recorded. During this dramatic event peak floodwaves in the Odra and the Nysa Klodzka tributary overtopped embankments on a large scale.As a result an area of 65 000 ha was inundated in three voivodships Slaskie, Opolskieand Dolnoslaskie. The event took the life of 54 people, about 1 10 000 persons hadto be evacuated and some 700 000 households were affected by inundation. Widespreaddamage was inflicted on property, infrastructure, especially in the historic city of Wroclaw.Other damages to be taken into account here are the effects of the floods on environmental"intangibles" such as cultural heritage and social aspects such as health and stress.Continuation of the existing situation with regularly incurring expenditures for flood damagecontrol during emergency situations and continuing investments for the rehabilitationof private and public infrastructure after the floods have subsided is an unacceptable option,especially taking into consideration the risk of loss of life in the densely populated floodplain.Therefore, a higher degree of protection against floods of major towns and population centresis needed.
4.2 THE WITH PROJECT SCENARIO
After completion of the Project, it is expected that flood damages such as inflictedby this disastrous flood will be largely reduced. Lower flood levels in the Odra for a largerange of flood severity together with modernized flood control structures and reinforcementof dikes on the most vulnerable locations will minimize the risks of inundations of urbanand industrial areas. In particular the project will provide almost full protection to the cityof Wroclaw against future floods of similar magnitude as those of 1997. Due to the predictedreduction in flood damage and secondary benefits of gravel extraction, the projecthas an economic internal rate of return of 17.3%.
4.3 OVERALL PROJECT DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
For overall project design three basic options were considered: (i) providing flood protectionby only raising the dikes along the river, (ii) constructing reservoirs on the tributariesof the Odra and (iii) raising dikes, where necessary, in combination with a "dry" polderat Raciborz. Option (i) is an extremely expensive solution and would have significant adverseenvironmental impacts since all existing Odra dikes would have to be raised above probablemaximum flood level and many km of new dikes to be constructed. Regarding option (ii),several retention reservoirs on Odra tributaries have already been constructed or are beingproposed/constructed as part of the Odra 2006 Programme and effectiveness of reservoirson Odra tributaries for flood control in the Odra floodplain is low. Option (iii), building a drypolder with a capacity of 185 Mm3 at Raciborz for temporary storage of flood peaks, is by farthe superior solution as it reduces the peak flow of large floods by about 20-50%and the corresponding water levels by about 0.5-1.0 m for more than 500 km of dikes.The first plan to build a reservoir upstream of Raciborz was prepared during the Prussianregime at the end of the 1 gth century. Subsequent follow-up concepts were developed duringthe 20 th century and all agreed on the suitability of the site for building a large retention
27
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
When the regulation of the Odra started and dikes were constructed there was a considerable
change in the flood and sedimentation regime of the river. Under natural conditions
the deposition of silt and clay was rather slow and occurred mainly in lateral direction.However, after 1750, when embankments were constructed at a large scale, the rate
of sedimentation accelerated to 0.9 cm/year between the embankments, and this increased
even further to 1.7 cm/year after 1950 (Czajka-Kaczka, 2003).
[.
q i q . . i-s4, ______ / -I.4I -- 't!. ,
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-
X1;S'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Figure 5.1 - Geomorphological map of area upstream of Wroclaw
Bank failure during historic high floods resulted in the development of typical landscape
elements at the site of the breach. Usually a deep (6-lOrn) scour pond developed at such sites,
which later filled with groundwater and often surrounded by circle of woody vegetation.These formner dike breaches can be observed often in large number - for example,about 15 of these valuable landscape elements were recorded over a distance of 7 km between
Siedlce-Kotowice. They are often threatened by dike reconstruction, dumping of wasteand pollution of surface water, see Photo 5.2.
34
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
Photo 5.1 -Cut-of meander of Odra River near Kotowice (oxbow lake)with mature riverine forest
4>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
Photo 5.2 -Water bodies formed by bank failures could be valuablelandscape elements, however they are often not recognizedand people use them to dump their waste
35
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
5.1.2.4 Recent geomorphologic history of the Wroclaw area
Wroclaw is strategically located in a stretch of the Odra floodplain, where the Olawa
and Widawa tributaries flow into the Odra, and where the main river splits into variousbranches, creating several islands. In this area, early settlers could find sufficient shelter
and good transport by boat, and control of several rivers was possible in this swampy area.
Numerous silted up former river beds gave Wroclaw the features of a city built on reclaimed
swamps: during springtime the city was often flooded after the melting of snowin the mountains, while flash floods could also occur in summer when the river peaked after
high rainfall in upstream regions.
To protect the city from floods, dikes were constructed, and with the development of the city
the surface of the terrain was systematically raised. The meandering river often switched its
bed after such floods, breaking through an old meander levee and following a new course
in the wide and flat valley. Former Odra river beds were filled up with materials
from the Widawa and Olawa sub-catchments. Previously, these rivers flowed into the Odra
River near the city of Olawa. A detailed geomorphology map of the area upstream
of Wroclaw is given in Figure 5.1.
5.1.3 HYDROLOGY AND GROUNDWATER
5.1.3.1 Catchment characteristics and floodplain morphology
The source of the Odra River - which has a length of 854 km - is at 634 m above sea level
(asl) in the Silesian-Moravian part of the Sudetes Mountain Range. The area is underlain
by relatively impermeable clay shale, and erosion by run-off has resulted in a dense drainage
network of mountain tributaries. All of them have relatively high gradients. Along the first
87 km the Odra River flows as a relatively undisturbed fast flowing mountain stream
in a Northeasterly direction through a rather straight valley towards the confluence
with the Opava River (see also Figure 5.2). Near the city of Ostrava, a large industrialized city
in the Czech Republic the river flows through a protected wetland reserve (Poodri Ramsar
site) of 5 500 ha in size, not far from the Polish border.
After 107 km the river enters Poland near Chalupki through the Moravian Gate, and changes
its course towards the Northwest. After this point it changes into a typical lowland river,
with a low gradient and a tendency to meander. The Odra then flows through the Silesian
Lowland plain through a several kilometres wide river floodplain in the direction of Wroclaw
and from there further towards the border with Germany at the confluence of Odra
with the Nysa Luzycka. The floodplain runs largely parallel to the Sudetes, located at some
100 km distance to the Southwest. At the Moravian Gate the altitude of the valley
is about 195 m asl, in the Scinawa Gorge about 90 m asl, declining to about 40 m at the mouth
of the Nysa Luzycka.
A large number of left bank tributaries, each with their catchment on Polish territory join
the Odra, including the most important tributary, the Nysa Klodzka. The relief in this part
of the catchment is steep, with elevations up to 1 400 m, and the underlying rocks are
relatively impermeable. The natural drainage system is therefore dense and the runoff
potentially rapid. The right bank tributaries such as Ruda, Klodnica, Mala Panewand Stobrawa do not have the character of montane rivers, and floodwaters from these streams
are less pronounced than those of the left bank tributaries.
36
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
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channelspment as faraslRacirand Ke thEe (km s.T hi stre chisngly regulatedinbthe bgnn 4 o t , .entur Ms s w c o a straghtne
by1canalizationpndnmeroushtav groyneswreicnsruted to phsvrotec and stabflizes
theodinembsankments. Donrea ofm K oae t per Odra Fisocopetly camenati stream
human laivesorz prpetes Piarafetd River flodlins lk that Odaanormfhr the Odra River alongltwcannelusuall densel paiopulated forzlvret (km 92).This. sthet prsec stofngly rvregu atedthfeilalluvialegiainn has atcthed peopl siccaentur.Ms timners. Therecu occupied stherpriaghtenedsbcandsaliztioead bidnguetlmerous grones werba commnitrucesdln tohroe river Usuabilyze vilgstown emandkments. roadsstreamil ofnoze the sOmewat hisgomleerlyond schnalsted elevtream
of Opole (km 148) the river divides into a diversion channel, which was partially constructedbefore the Second World War and only recently completed. There is dense urbandevelopment on the island between these arms. Diversion channels are also located at Brzeg(km 197) and Olawa (km 213); the gradient from the Olza confluence to Kozle is low,being only 0.45%o.
5.1.3.2 Developments that have contributed to the severity of the floodsFlooding is a natural phenomenon in a floodplain. Floods only become catastrophic whenhuman lives or properties are affected. River floodplains like that of the Odra River valleyare usually densely populated for a variety of reasons. The presence of the river and the fertilealluvial plain has attracted people since ancient times. They occupied the riparian landsand started building settlements human uan communities along the river. Usually the villages,towns and major roads were built on the somewhat higher grounds such as the elevatedterraces on both sides of the river valley in order to protect property and infrastructurefrom flooding.
Construction of embankments for the purpose of flood protection started in the 1 5t and 1 6tcenturies Systematic improvements were not carried out before the middle of the 1 8th century,however, when emperor Frederic the Great began a large scale programme to regulatethe Odra River through cutting of meanders, canalization of riverbeds, constructionof embankments and protection against erosion by means of groynes. Swamps werereclaimed, and agriculture and human settlements mushroomed along the river.
37
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
5.1.4 WATER QUALITY OF THE ODRA RIVER
The quality of Odra water is regularly monitored, and monitoring results indicate that there
has been a gradual improvement in water quality of the Odra for most indicators measuredduring the last 10 years. This is the result of a massive programme to build and improvetreatment facilities for industrial and urban wastewater, but also the restructuring and closure
of old industrial establishments and mines has played a role. In most monitoring points along
the Middle Odra today, water quality meets at least class 2 standards. There are someexceptions in the vicinity of sources of pollution still present, but the general trend shows
a significant improvement in recent years. Biological contamination, however, is still
considerable, especially of organic compounds and coliform bacteria.
5.1.5 POTENTIAL CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE AND GROUNDWATERRESOURCES
A large dump of coal waste can be found about 1 km upstream of the Raciborz reservoir,near the village of Bukow, see Photo 5.3. The dump covers an area of about 20 ha of former
gravel pits excavated in the permeable gravels layers, not far from the Odra, River. Since
the early 1 960s coal waste has been disposed at this site, originating from a mine locatedat some 30 km distance. The mined material is transported to Bukow by rail, and over time
large quantities of spoil have been dumped at the site. The dumps are now about 40 m above
the surface of the terrain, and the lower part of this landfill is about 10 m below the water
table.
Part of the coal waste is currently being reprocessed at a nearby site by an internationalconsortium in order to recover another 10% of coal from these deposits. After processing,the spoils are then dumped into the same landfill and are partly covered by groundwater,but most of it is deposited above the groundwater table.
Mine tailings are not considered to be inert, and under aerobic conditions they pose a risk
for the environment. The physical and chemical properties of such coal waste depositsare highly variable, depending on the nature of the coal deposits. Sulphide minerals,especially pyrite (FeS2 ) are common in such tailings, and are usually present in significantconcentrations (up to several %). Under reduced (anaerobic conditions) and with a normal pH,
metals are fixed as sulphides and do not pose a threat. A major problem however is caused
by the oxidation of pyrite under aerobic conditions, whereby sulphides are oxidizedby microbiological processes into sulphates, and even into sulphuric acid (H 2SO4 ), leading
to a significant lowering of the pH.
Under such acid conditions, percolating rainwater can dissolve heavy metals in the minerals,such as copper, zinc, cadmium and lead. Easily dissolved metal oxides then spread rapidly
into the groundwater and surface water, leading to a strong contamination with heavy metals.
This could threaten fish and other aquatic life and pollute the aquifer used for drinking water.
Especially the layers stored under aerobic conditions (above the groundwater table) representa potential risk, since percolating rainwater can easily spread from here into the permeablegravel aquifer.
During the Environmental Assessment the Electrical Conductivity (EC) of open waterwas measured in Odra River, gravel pits, oxbow lakes and small streams at 25 locations.Unexpected high conductivities were measured (see Figure 5.5) at locations near the coal
waste dump, at several locations in the southern part of the reservoir. Another site where coal
40
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
T ... '.
Photo 5.3 - Mfinestone dump near Bukow within 700 m of the Raciborzreservoir
waste had been used as landfill near a bridge in the northern part of the reservoir also had veryhigh EC values. Highest EC values recorded at these locations were > 4.0 mS/cm(class Saline water), in the Wielikat ponds 2.7 mS/cm (class Slightly Saline water), whereasas a reference Odra water had an EC = 1.1I mS/cm and along the Plinc river and in seepageareas only 0.4-0.7 mS/cm was recorded. The high EC values indicate high salinities, probablycaused by a high sulphate content. It is strongly recommended to investigate this problemin order to quantify and to determine the suspected cause of the problem. pH values of surfaceand groundwater should be monitored in order to determnine how far pollution with heavymetals has progressed.
The presence of large bodies of surface water in many old gravel pits makes it possiblethat water contaminated with heavy metals can spread over a vast area downstreamof the tailings. As a result, the Wielikat fish ponds, reservoir (including the adjacentTworkowski forest), gravel pits and groundwater wells are all essentially at risk.Also, drinking water wells of the community of Lubomia, which currently serve some4 500 people and are located some 3 km downstream of the landfill, might be threathened.
5.1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS LOCAL AUTHORITIES
Remedial measures for such landfills in comparable situations in Germnany andthe Netherlands have proven to be very complicated and extremely costly. Local authoritiesin Gmina Lubomia should know potential consequences. Unfortunately, they are not awareof the situation and they do not consider the coal waste dump as posing a health riskfor the local population and fisheries. Also, there is no monitoring system in place to controlthe quality of percolating waters and the surrounding ground and surface water.
41
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
1 X, i.j M S ,...,..
_ _ _\1 e 1 ; ', Wsowua 2 km
--I\'' * 'U. A
Figure 5.5 - Conductivity isolines of water bodies in the area of Raciborz reservoir (,uS cm-')
42
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
5.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
5.2.1 DEMOGRAPHY
The project area is located in three voivodships: Slaskie, Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie,each of which has a strongly different character and history. Dolnoslaskie is by far the largestand has a population density of 145 people/km2 . Slaskie with its long industrial historyis strongly urbanized and has major industrial agglomerations. With 384 people/km 2 , it is alsothe most densely populated voivod. Opolskie, with 112 persons/kM2, has a more ruraland agricultural character, although some larger industrial sites can be found in towns alongthe Odra River. Details of demographic conditions are presented in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2 - Demographic conditions in three Upper Odra voivodships (2003)
Characteristic Dolnoslaskie Opolskie SlaskieArea of voivodship (kM2) 19 948 9 412 12 294Share of area Poland (%) 6.4 3.0 3.9Population in voivodship 2 898 313 1 055 667 4 714 982Urban (%) 71.6 52.5 61.0Rural (%) 28.4 47.5 39.0Share of population Poland (%) 7.7 2.8 12.0Population growth (per 1 000 pop.) -1.4 -0.5 -1.4Registered unemployed persons 278 271 83 436 323 200Rate of unemployment (%) 22.4 21.6 17.4
Source: Statistical offices GOP
5.2.2 EMPLOYMENT
Poland's most important socio-economic problem is the high rate of unemployment,which is estimated to be around 20% of the labour force. Increasing numbers of people fromall three voivodships work in the EU, since travel and work has become simpler since Polandjoined the EU. Many people from rural areas find work in the Danish and Dutch agricultureand construction sectors, and increasingly also in other EU countries. The greatest handicapfor working in the EU is that relatively few workers speak foreign languages.
Industry and commercial services provide most employment in Slaskie voivodships,while the number of people employed in these sectors is considerably lower in Dolnoslaskieand Opolskie. The agricultural sector provides a relatively significant amount of employmentin Opolskie voivodship (see Table 5.3).
Table 5.3 - Employment in Upper Odra voivodships (total persons employed in sector)
Voivodshp .Agriculture, Industry Commercial Non-commercialVoivodship fisheries & forestry & construction services services
Dolnoslaskie 99 320 226 519 188 188 165 025Opolskie 107 600 118 400 104 800 62 000Slaskie 212 600 741 200 613 400 267 800Soiurce: Statistical offices GOP
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
5.2.3 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Table 5.4 provides information on the contribution of the various sectors to the national
economy. Industry, construction and services have by far the greatest contribution
to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For Opolskie, agriculture is an important sector
and to a lesser extent, this is also the case in Dolnoslaskie.
Table 5.4 - Economic activities in Upper Odra voivodships(relative contribution to GDP in %)
Voivodship Services Industry Agriculture, fisheries& construction & forestry
Dolnoslaskie 62 32 5.8
Opolskie 58 30 11.6
Slaskie 54 44 1.6
Source: Statistical offices GOP
5.2.4 LAND USE
More than 50% of the area of Dolnoslaskie and Slaskie is used for agriculture (see Table 5.5),
while in Opolskie this is much higher, as agricultural land use dominates about two thirds
of the voivodship. The loess and alluvial soils of the floodplain are especially interesting
for agricultural use because of their relatively high fertility, compared to the poor sandy soils
of the glacial plateau.
Forests extend over about 30% of all three voivodships. Forestry is important on the relatively
sandy and unfertile soils that extend over large areas of the glacial plateau. Most forests
are used for production. The Odra riverine forests, however, are not of interest for commercial
exploitation and should be considered as natural forests.
Table 5.5 - Total land use in ha and (%)
Voivodship Total area Agricultural land Forests Other uses
Dolnoslaskie 1 994 776 (100.0) 1 054 934 (52.9) 586 794 (29.4) 353 048 (17.7)
Opolskie 941 247 (100.0) 613 668 (65.2) 257 333 (27.3) 70 246 (7.5)
Slaskie 1 233 064 (100.0) 664 786 (53.9) 401 803 (32.6) 166 475 (13.5)
Source: Statistical offices GOP
5.2.5 LAND USE AND AGRICULTURE IN THE RACIBORZ POLDER
Present land use in the Raciborz reservoir area is shown in Table 5.6. Arable land
and pastures cover about 71% of the area, while natural forests and waste land cover
about 17% of the area. The remainder is divided between residential areas, infrastructure,
open water and ongoing gravel excavations.
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Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
Table 5.6 - Land use in the Raciborz Polder
Land use Area in ha
Agricultural land 1 854 70.6Forest 147 5.6Bushes and thickets 14 0.5Surface water 185 7.0Gravel excavations 17 0.7Ditches 25 1.0Residential area 40 1.5Infrastructure 53 2.0Waste land 292 11.1Total 2 627 100
Source: RAP, 2005
More than 60% of the land within the reservoir area is owned by the State. State owned landconsists mostly of large plots (>10 ha) administered by various institutions. The remainingland is owned by private owners, most of them residents of the reservoir, but also by privateowners living outside the reservoirs and some private firms.
Agricultural plots belonging to residents are very small, and do not produce more thana supplement to the household income. Most of the residents have employment outside thereservoir area and are not active in the agricultural sector. Three quarters of the plots ownedby private persons are smaller than 0.5 ha. Some private people own several small plots.
5.2.6 AGRICULTURE
Most of the arable land in the three voivodships is used for the cultivation of crops such asmaize, wheat, rapeseed, sugar beet and other field crops (see Table 5.7). The area of orchardsis low and around a quarter of the land is used as meadows or permanent pasture. The acreageof arable land in the floodplain is expanding, since groundwater tables along the Odra Riverhave decreased and former meadows and hay lands have been converted to arable crops,especially field crops and fodder crops such as wheat and maize.
Table 5.7 - Agricultural land use in ha and (%)
Voivodship Agriculture Arable Orchards Meadows PastureDolnoslaskie 1 054 934 (100) 871 913 (82.6) 7 149 (0.7) 119 986 (11.4) 55 885 (5.3)Opolskie 613 668 (100) 481 205 (78.4) 4 150 (0.7) 77 785 (12.7) 50 528 (8.2)Slaskie 664 786 (100) 471 067 (70.8) 12 042 (1.8) 93 678 (14.1) 87 999 (13.2)Source: Statistical offices GOP
In the spatial planning of land utilization for agricultural use (as arable land) no considerationhas been given so far to potential flood risks. It has been reported that more than 20 000 haof arable land in the area between Chalupki (km 21) and Krapkowice (km 125) is notprotected against floods. These reports also state that 66% of the losses due to floods in 1958and 1972 were agricultural losses. However, this can not be an argument to protect these areas
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
with dikes, as it is more efficient to enforce the present rule that no arable agriculture
is allowed in land subject to (regular) flooding.
5.2.7 INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS
In the past, most railways and roads were constructed on higher ground parallel
to the floodplain. In the vicinity of major cities, road and railway connections have been built
crossing the Odra valley. With a view to the flood risk, these roads and railways have been
built on embankments or dikes, which often form major obstacles for the floods to pass
and could increase flood risk if not properly integrated. It has been recognised that it
is important to coordinate these plans with flood protection activities.
5.2.8 NAVIGATION
The inland waterway system of Poland includes 1954 km of navigable waterways,of which the Odra River (695 km is navigable) has the greatest volume of transport. Inland
water transport is hindered by the poor condition of a large part of the infrastructure,
and by insufficient depth and difficult navigation conditions along parts of the river.
The Odra, together with the Gliwice Canal (constructed during the Prussian period), forms
a 742 km long waterway connecting the Silesian industrial area with the Szczecin
international harbour. The river is the only Polish waterway that is connected via the Spree
and Havel canal with the Elbe and the rest of the Western European waterway system. Bulk
shipments such as coal, ore, building materials and fertilizer form the majority of transported
materials. Container and Roll-on/Roll-of transport is increasing in Poland, but is not feasible
on the Odra in view of the small clearances under its bridges.
From March to November the Odra is navigable up to Kedzierzyn-Kozle for ships
up to 1 200 ton, but in the winter the presence of ice makes navigation impossible, especially
along the downstream section. The navigable stretch can be divided into three sections
(i) Kozle-Brzeg Dolny, 228 km, mainly canalized, easily navigable (class 3),
(ii) Brzeg Dolny-confluence of Nysa Luzycka river, 257 km, a section with problems due
to insufficient depth, (iii) Nysa Luzycka-Szczecin, 198 km easily navigable (class 2).
The section upstream of Kedzierzyn-Kozle towards the Czech border is not used for inland
transport, except by some recreational vessels and boats.
The bulk goods transported by ship consist of coal (10 million ton/yr), ore (2.5 million ton/yr)
and 2 million ton/yr of other goods. About 3.6 millions tons of bulk goods are shipped
to Germany on an annual basis. The total volume of shipments has been considerably reduced
since the 1980s due to closure of traditional heavy industries and mines along the river
and in Silesia. A dominant activity will remain the transportation of bulk products, such
as coal for the electric power plants along the river, and of gravel and sand for the building
sector. Currently about 10-12 vessels pass the Rozanka sluices in Wroclaw on a daily basis,
but there are also periods when no more than 50 vessels pass during one month (according
to the sluice master). New forms of transport on the Odra include large cruise ships with
tourists, usually coming from Germany. Their share is still small (estimated at 7 ships/yr),
but numbers may increase when facilities are upgraded.
Port and harbour facilities and stations for trans-shipment of goods are available, although not
all of them are in a good condition. There are 11 harbours open to all type of ships
and 18 industrial ports and shipment facilities with different technical levels.
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Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
5.2.9 TOURISM AND RECREATION
The historic city of Wroclaw attracts an increasing number of tourists from Germanyand many other places in the world. The Odra River channel network with its numeroushistoric bridges, control structures and sluices is one of the most attractive elementsin the city. Wroclaw is the only city in Poland and one of the few in Europe, which has somany hydrotechnical monuments. RZGW has recognized the important function of the riverand the associated infrastructure for stimulating tourism and has prepared a plan to promoteand expand the use of the various Odra channels around Wroclaw for tourist trips (by smallboats), a public network transport (water taxi for up to 50 persons) and small cruises (boats upto 200 passengers). A network of about 53 km (roundtrip) has been identified, with 6 existingharbours and 9 potential locations for building new mooring facilities.
5.3 THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
5.3.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF FLOODPLAIN ECOSYSTEMS
Like most natural river systems, the Odra River shows a significant variation in habitatsin lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions. Dynamic fluvial processes of alternatingerosion and sedimentation caused by periodic flooding, have created a wide transitional zonebetween land and water, with a large variety of aquatic and semi-aquatic and terrestrialhabitats. This zone is characterized by a high biological productivity and an extremely highbiological diversity.
These fluvial processes create new habitats on gravel and sand banks, which are over timesubjected to ecological succession and stabilisation, first by herbs and grasses, followedby shrubs and trees. Different types of floodplain forests develop, dependingon the frequency, duration and depth of flooding, the rate of sedimentation and on the organicand mineral composition of the soil, both in the catchment area and in the river valley.Softwood forests of willow and black poplar usually develop first on the fringesof the regularly flooded areas. Alder-ash forests develop in backswamps, and oak, elmand hombeam grow on the natural levees and less frequently flooded parts of the floodplain.Maturation of these habitats can take a considerable time, a process that could be abruptlyinterrupted by sudden events that change the morphology of the streambed, e.g. the cutting-off of a meander, or the forming of a new river channel, both of which could createcompletely new circumstances.
An exceptionally high biological diversity is usually found in riverine forests and associatedwetland complexes. It is estimated that about 70% of the breeding bird species of Polandcan be found in these habitats. The main threats to these riparian habitats are river-regulationand flood control projects, and the continued lowering of the ground water table as a resultof non-sustainable ground water extraction and drainage. In the Project area, the loweringof the ground water table leads to the replacement of riparian softwood stands byoak-hormbeam formations. Many floodplain forests in the Odra basin have already beenmodified, and shrubs and grassland associations now form the prevailing vegetation.
5.3.2 THE BIOGEOGRAPHICAL ROLE OF THE ODRA RIVER AS A BIO-CORRIDOR
The Odra and its floodplain provide important habitat for many species including migratoryfish that seasonally move upstream to spawning areas and nurturing grounds, whereas fish
47
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
spawn are transported downstream by the flow of the river. The Odra Valley is also
an important north-south migration route for many bird species, as well as for certain
mammals such as the otter and the beaver. This function of the river is of great importance
for the survival of fragmented and isolated animal communities along the Odra Valley, even
after the regulation and canalization works were completed, and the expansion of agriculture
that has taken place during the 20th Century. In spite of these alterations, the Odra River
and its valleys still constitute the last remnant of a major ecological structure in the largely
man-made landscape of the Central European Lowlands.
The Upper Odra Valley is located on the boundary between two geographical regions
in Europe: the continental region and the alpine (Carpathian) region. The border region
with Moravia has the warmest climate in Poland and functions as a "gate" for many
thermophilous and montane species that enter Poland through the Odra Valley. Examples
are some very rare and endangered plants as: Aldrovanda vesiculosa, Epipactis albensis,
Hacquetia epipactis, Salvinia natans, Scilla bifolia, Scrophularia scopoli, Symphytum
tuberosum, Trapa natans.
The entire stretch of the Upper and Middle Odra Valley is recognised as an important
international bio-corridor. The area can be divided into two parts: (i) the international
ecological corridor (code ECONET 1 9M) along the Upper Odra and (ii) international core
area (ECONET 1 7M) downstream of Opole.
The first corridor is strongly fragmented and deforested, and along this stretch only small
patches of forests, wet meadows, wetlands and oxbows remain. The active floodplain
has been strongly reduced and the natural river dynamics and processes have stopped in most
parts. Alluvial forest complexes are still found in the vicinity of Raciborz (Las Tworkowski
and Lezczok) and between Kedzierzyn-Kozle and Krapkowice (Leg Zdzieszowicki).
Meadows and wetlands were preserved only as small patches in the depressions of the former
meanders, often surrounded by arable land.
The second part of the corridor is covered by a more or less continuous forest belt starting
a few kilometres downstream of Opole up to Wroclaw. The active floodplain along this
stretch is also reduced, but is used as polders for flood protection, which has resulted
in a relatively higher diversity of habitats and biota. Floodplains and wet meadows, wetlands
and oxbows occur in rather large patches and in several places some large complexes of these
wet habitats can be found, i.e. in the area of the Nysa Klodzka confluence and between Olawa
and Wroclaw.
5.3.3 BIODIVERSITY
5.3.3.1 Ecosystems and habitats
The riverine habitats along the Odra Valley can be recognised according to their
physiognomic features as (i) aquatic habitats, (ii) open terrestrial habitats,and (iii) forest habitats. Basic characteristic are described below accordingto the classification of EU habitats. The habitats marked with (*) are priority habitats
according to the EUR 25 Manual.
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Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
1) Freshwater habitats
Standing water - oxbows and ponds:
3130 - Amphibious, short, annual pioneer vegetation of land interface zones of pondswith soils low in nutrients or which grow during periodic drying of these standing waters;3140 - Hard mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara ssp., which could occurin gravel pits;
3150 - Oxbows and ponds with more or less turbid waters, rich in dissolved bases(pH usually > 7) and nutrients, with free-floating surface communities of Hydrocharitionor in deeper parts of open waters, with associations of large pond weeds;
Sections of water courses with natural or semi-natural dynamics and no significantdeterioration of water quality:
3260 - Small and medium sized water courses with submerged or floating vegetationof Ranuncuilionfluitantis in some Odra tributaries;
3270 - Muddy river banks with annual pioneer nitrophilous vegetation along the wholestretch of Upper and Middle Odra River.
2) Terrestrial habitats
Natural and semi-natural grasslands:
6410 - Extensively used semi-natural tall-herb humid Molinia meadows with a fluctuatingwater table. In this rare habitat type many protected and threatened plant species occur.It is also an important breeding habitat for waterfowl birds, such as snipe, godwit,and corncrake;
6430 - Wet and nitrophilous, tall herb edge communities along water coursesand woodland borders;
6440 - Alluvial meadows with natural flooding regime;
6510 - Species rich lowland hay meadows on slightly to moderately fertilized soils.If management practices become intensive with heavy applications of fertilizer,the species diversity rapidly declines.
Reed beds and sedges phytocoenoses, not mentioned by habitat directive (92/43 EEC),forming an amphibious zone along the oxbows' or river banks or in the local depressions;
Mires andfens:
7140 - Transition mires with peat formations, which present a diverse range of plantcommunities. The most prominent communities are formed by medium-sized or smallsedges, accompanied by aquatic and amphibious communities. Nowadays this typeof habitat, which is an important breeding habitat for waterfowl, is very rare in the Upperand Middle Odra Valley;
7230 - Alkaline fens of small limestone loving sedge and brown moss communitiesdeveloped on permanently waterlogged soils. This habitat type has become extremely rare.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
3) Forests
9170 - Sub-continental, Central-European Lime-Hornbeam forests and mesophilous
Oak-Hombeam forests on hydromorphic soils and soils with high water table, but only
infrequently flooded;
91E0* - Alluvial forests occurring in three subtypes:- Regularly inundated shrub galleries of Willows Salix spp. as a early succession stage
of alluvial forests from Salicetea purpureae class (not included in Habitat Directive92/43 EEC);
- Regularly inundated galleries of tall Willows Salix alba, S. fragilis and Poplar
Populus nigra, along lowland or sub-montane rivers;- More swampy Ash-Alder woods in depressions around oxbows or along streams;
91F0 - Riverine mixed forests with Elm along the main river, liable to regular, but not
so often flooding as gallery forests (91E0*). After the levees have silted up above flood
levels this type of forest is transformed into a mesophilous Oak-Hornbeam forest;
Alder forests, not mentioned by Habitat Directive (92/43 EEC), forming an amphibious
zone in a more advanced succession stage, along the oxbows or river banks or in local
depressions.
5.3.3.2 Fauna and flora
Floodplain systems belong to the most diverse and species-rich ecosystems of the temperate
zone. In the past centuries the Odra River has been subject to regulation works in order
to control flooding and to improve navigation. Construction of embankments and canalisation
of the riverbed has strongly affected the lateral biodiversity gradient, whereas dams and weirs
cut off the longitudinal connection. The highest faunistic and floristic diversity could be found
on the remnants of semi-natural wet tall-herb meadows, flooded meadows, oxbows with
surrounding wetlands and mature riverine mixed forests.
The most precious complexes of wet Molinia meadows are found on the left bank of the Odra
River between Siechnice and Wroclaw. These areas, which are associated with river meanders
and oxbows, provide habitat to many protected and threatened species: plants such
as Ophioglossum vulgatum, Gentiana pneumonanthe, Iris sibirica, Gladiolus imbricatus;
butterflies with scarce- and dusky large blue Maculinea teleius and M nausithous;amphibians such as fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina or birds like the white stork Ciconia
ciconia, corn crake Crex crex, bluethroat Luscinia svecica, barred warbler Sylvia nisoria,
red-backed shrike Lanius collurio or ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana. Flooded meadows
from Cnidion dubii alliance are also scarce, but more widespread distributed along the Odra.
Oxbow lakes and accompanying wetlands are not common in the Odra Valley especially
in its upper part. Most of them have been cut off from the main stream and have become
terrestrial ecosystems. Oxbow lakes harbour threatened species like water chestnut Trapa
natans or Salvinia natans; amphibians and reptiles with great crested newt Tritlrus cristatus
and European pond turtle Emys orbicularis; numerous waterfowl birds such as ducks
(Anas ssp. and Aythya ssp.), mute swan Cygnus olor, little bittern Ixobrychus minutus, marsh
harrier Circus aeruginosus, crane Grus grus or warblers Acrocephalus spp. These habitats
are also used by bats Microchiroptera for feeding.
The elm-oak forests include bulbous spring plants such as snowdrop Galanthus nivalis,
Allium ursinum, Hacquetia epipactis and Scillia bifolia. The last two have their northernmost
distribution in the upper Odra Valley. Remnants of old growth stands are the most important
50
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
habitat for bird species, especially raptors like honey buzzard Pernis apivorus, black- and redkite Milvus migrans and M. milvus, white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, lesser spottedeagle Aquila pomarina. The black stork Ciconia nigra and insectivorous birds like nightjarCaprimulgus europaeus, woodlark Lullula arborea , collared- and red-breasted flycatcherFicedula albicollis and F. parva are found in these habitats. The most important factorfor the survival of these species is the preservation of old and hollow tree stands for nesting.
The gallery forests along the embankments of the river are an important reservoirfor sustaining biodiversity. Old (nearly dead) willows or oaks are the habitat for insects:Cerambyx longicorn, Cerambyx cerdo and hermit beetle Osmoderma eremita. Steep scourgedflanks of river banks are breeding sites for kingfisher Alcedo atthis and sand martin Ripariariparia. Plovers and common tern Sterna hirundo prefer the sandy islands within the riveras breeding habitats, but most of these have disappeared due to canalisation of the river.
In Figure 5.6 the area of the various forest habitats in the floodplain between Raciborzand Wroclaw is presented. This has been done on basis of the data collected for thepreparation of the WWF Auen Atlas (2000). The graphs show that the area of willow-poplarin the active floodplain almost has disappeared and the acreage of elder-ash forests is limitedto 150-200 ha only.
Figure 5.7 shows that oxbows have largely disappeared in the active floodplain. Humidmeadows are still present but most of them are found within the by dikes protected floodplain.
Annex A provides a list of plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammalsfound in the Project area, including their classification according to Polish, internationaland EU criteria.
5.3.3.3 River basin fish fauna
Natural conditions
Trout can be found in the river from the source of the Odra River in the Czech Republic,over a short distance until the confluence with the Jicinka River. From there until the mouthof the Ostravica River, graylings are common and from there up to Kedzierzyn, it is the areaof barbel. Between Kedzierzyn and Brzeg Dolny the Odra River system has been significantlymodified as a result of the construction of 41 barrages and weirs. Living conditions for fishrequiring strong currents are retained only in short sections below these structures.
The basin of the Upper and Middle Odra River is asymmetrical. The left-side tributaries flowout of the Sudety mountains and carry a lot of water. Gradients in these streams are steepand most have rocky riverbeds. In the lower areas these streams maintain rather steepgradients and the riverbed usually consists of gravels. In the upper reaches they havethe character of a trout Salmo trutta trutta habitat, and in the lower stretches of a barbelhabitat. The left-side tributaries are therefore suitable spawning sites for rock breeding fish,and all the long-distance migrating Odra River fishes belong to this group.
The right-side tributaries downstream of the Olza River are lowland rivers with low gradientsand sandy riverbeds. Gravel is only locally found. These streams are not suitable for troutand in the lower reaches they provide typical habitat for bream. There are also potentialspawning sites for zahrte Vimba vimba. For the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and trout,significant spawning sites are found only in the Olza and Ostravica rivers.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
3500
3000
2500 -
z 2000-
@ 1500-
1000
500
Softwood Hardwood Transitonal Mesophile Elder-ash Wilow- PlantabonsPoplar
a Forests in geomorphological floodplain
* Forests within dikes
Figure 5.6 - Composition of forests in flood plain between Raciborz and Wroclaw
10000 -
8000 -
60004,
2000-
Reeds-sedges Wetand Other humid Oxbows Lakes Gravel pits
swamps meadow meadowscomplexes
[Wetlands in geomorphological floodplain
EWetlands within dikes
Figure 5.7 - Wetlands, swamps and humid meadows between Raciborz and Wroclaw
52
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
0 10 20 km
r,,WROCLAW
OPOL
LEGEND:
/ ~RIVER ' RACIB6.RZ ,p BARRIERS
Figure 5.8 - Barriers in th Upper and Middle Odra River blocking migration of fish
The Odra River and its tributaries are to a large degree regulated and controlled by numerousbarrages, see Figure 5.8. On the Odra River alone there are 41 barrages, and 23 of thesepresent major obstacles for the migration of fish: 4 have no fish pass at all, and the remainderhas been provided with chamber fish passes. However, the latter are either obsolete or poorlymanaged.
The present state of thefish fauna
The full list of the Odra River fish fauna contains 54 native species and lampreys(see Annex A7) and 19 purposely or accidentally introduced species. Sturgeon Acipensersturio has become extinct. In the Middle and Upper Odra River basins there are 45 native fishspecies. The Ukrainian lamprey Eudontomyzon mariae, allis shad Alosa alosa, twaite shadAlosafallax, lake minnow Eupalasiella perenurus, smelt Osmerus eperlanus, vendaceCoregonus albula, whitefish Coregonus lavaretus and lake trout Salmo trutta lacustrisare absent in this area.
53
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Five species are critically endangered: sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, zahrte Vimba vimba,
ziege Pelecus cultratus, spirlin Alburnoides bipunctatus and golden loach Sabanejevia aurata.
Three species are endangered: river lamprey Lampetrafluviatilis, barbel Barbus barbus
and nase Chondrostoma nasus. Highly endangered species are the group of rheophilic fish,
which spawn on the rocks and perform long, anadromous or potamodromous migrations.
Exceptions are the ziege and the golden loach.
Apart from the numerous obstacles in the Odra River blocking migration, fishes in the Odra
system have also suffered from poor quality river water. In recent years water quality
has considerably improved because of the implementation of many sewage treatment plants
in the basin, but the obstacles remain a major constraint to the recovery of the fish fauna.
Barrages block the migration of anadromous fish to the Odra tributaries with the highest
number of potential spawning sites: the upper Nysa Klodzka and Biala Ladecka Rivers
for the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and trout Salmo trutta and the middle Nysa Klodzka
for the zahrte Vimba vimba.
The capacity of the existing fish passes at the barrages is insufficient. Fish migration
was studied in the chamber fish pass at the first barrage ending the freely flowing Odra River
in Brzeg Dolny (Waly Slaskie). The fish find the entrance to the fish pass and swim
into the chambers, but they are not able to pass through the last chamber on the upstream side.
Opportunities for fish passing through the barrages are higher during high water levels, when
the gates are opened. In July 2002 trout reached the mouth of the Nysa Klodzka River.
The list of fish fauna available in the project area is given in Annex A7.
Fish breeding and catches
There are many breeding ponds in the valley of the Upper and Middle Odra River. Some
of these are a major source for the introduction of exotic fish species, purposely
and accidentally.
Fish management along the Upper and Middle Odra and its tributaries is carried out
by the Opole and Wroclaw regional organizations of the Polish Angling Association (PAA).
Around 50 000 anglers are members of the PAA sections of these districts (22 000 in Opole
district and 28 000 in the Wroclaw district). Registered catches amount to 60 ton per year,
but is likely to be higher since registration is only obligatory since this year. The fish catches
include: bream Abramis brama, roach Rutilus rutilus, pikeperch Sander lucioperca and pike
Esox lucius. In the right hand tributaries catches are dominated by brown trout Salmo trutta
fario and chub Leuciscus cephalus, in the left hand tributaries they include mainly roach
and perch Percafluviatilis.
5.3.3.4 Plans for reintroduction of migrating fish species
The PAA has developed a programme for reintroduction and strengthening of the anadromous
and potamodromous fish species. Until 1994, the only potamodromous species introduced
to the Middle Odra River was the brown trout Salmo truttafario. Between 1995-2004
the number of species introduced to the Odra River increased to 11 (Table 5.8).
54
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
Table 5.8 - Anadromous and potamodromous fish stock in the Upper and Middle Odra19931 19941 19951 19961 1997 MI98 1999 20001 20011 20021 2003T 2004
Sal=o tnItta fano pstrW potokowy Brown troutChondrostoma nasus &Mnka NaseAspus aspius bole AspLeuciscus idus jai IdeLeuciscus cephalus IdelV ChubThymallus thymallus lipieO GraylingLota Iota miQtus Burbot________Sanmo tta tflta M tro wqdrowna TroutBarbus barbus brzana BarbelVilnt vidna cuts Zahrtb (Vinba)Sahno8aiar tosot Atlandc saimon =
Recovery programmes for the dual-habitat anadromous fish (Atlantic salmon, troutand zahrte) and the strengthening of the existing population of potamodromous fishis performed in three stages. The first stage is almost completed and consisted of increasingfish stock, first only until Brzeg Dolny, but later also in other tributaries upstream,e.g. the Widawa River. The next stage is currently being implemented, which will involveremoving obstacles in the Odra near Wroclaw and further upstream. After that furtherrestocking of the anadromous fish can take place using the storage reservoir in the NysaKlodzka River.
5.3.3.5 Legal regulations for angling and fishery in PolandThe Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MOA) is the responsible organizationfor breeding and catching of fish in inland waters. Angling and fisheries in Poland is regulatedby the Inland fisheries Act of 1985, while the Water Law of 2001 deals with the conditionsfor making public waters available for fisheries. Standards for water quality are definedin a decree of the Ministry of Environment of 2002, defining the habitat of fish livingin a natural environment.
5.3.4 CURRENT THREATS TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
The main existing threats for the natural environment (without project) in the Upperand Middle Odra floodplain are:
1) Changes in the natural river dynamics through canalisation of riverbeds, cutting-offof meanders, narrowing of the active floodplain by the constructing new embankments,which have stopped river morphological processes;
2) The stabilisation of groundwater (no fluctuation of groundwater levels during season)and reduction of flood water dynamics through the reduction of the active floodplainto a narrow strip of land along the riverbed;
3) Creation of ecological barriers for freshwater biota by building weirs, sluices and damsfor the purpose of navigation;
4) The lowering of groundwater tables and drying out of areas along the river throughincreased riverbed erosion along the downstream side of the numerous weirs and controlstructures built in the Odra;
5) Introduction of new invasive species from different catchments through connecting canalse.g. between the Elbe and Odra rivers;
55
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
6) Simplification of forest management through the promotion of monocultures of highlyproductive species, tree plantations of exotic species (mostly poplar hybrids) and felling
of large, uniform tree stands;
7) Long-term (historical) changes in land-use causing the reduction and conversion
of riverine ecosystems and habitats into agricultural land (by means of deforestation,
drainage, reversion of meadows into arable fields, promotion of large-scale farmingwith intensive use of agro-chemicals;
8) Urbanisation and industrialisation along the river (development of cities and villages,
building of new suburbs, factories and facilities in the floodplain e.g. in Raciborz, Opole
and Wroclaw);
9) Location of waste and spoil disposal areas that pollute groundwater and attractopportunistic and invasive species;
10) Fragmentation of the remnants of natural environment by the construction of motorways,
railways and electric power lines.
All these factors and processes have significantly modified the natural environment, reducing
or even excluding or extirpating some natural habitats and species.
5.3.5. NATURE CONSERVATION
5.3.5.1 Organisation
The legislative basis for Nature protection is based on the Nature Conservation Law (2004),
which distinguishes different categories of protected areas: National parks, nature reserves,
landscape parks, protected landscapes, protected species and "individual site protection".
National Parks enjoy the highest protection level and Protected Landscapes the lowest level
of protection. In Table 5.9 a comparison between the Polish protection categories with those
of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is made. Nature
conservation policy issues are dealt with and supervised by MOE, but policy implementation
and legal responsibility rests with the decentralised Polish government institutions,
which can be a constraint.
The overall responsibility for nature conservation rests with the Principal Conservator
of Nature, who is an executive of MOE. His/her competence includes the preparation
and implementation of conservation management plans for Natura 2000 sites and of specific
protected habitats or species, for which they originally were prepared. The voivod's
Conservator of Nature, who represents the decentralized administration, is charged
with the implementation conservation management plans for nature reserves, landscape parks
and protected landscapes. They are supported in this task by advisory boards for Nature
Protection both on national and voivodship level.
Gmina' s are charged with responsibilities for protection and conservation of smaller nature
and landscape elements needing special protection. They are also chargedwith responsibilities for landscaping and removal of landscape elements.
56
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
Table 5.9 - Comparison of Polish categories of protected areaswith IUCN classification system
IUCN Polish Nature Conservation Law (NCL) RemarksStrict Nature Reserve Nature Reserve Not relevant in Upperand Wilderness area (only strict accordingly to old NCL!) and Middle Odra Valley
National Parks National Parks (majority) Not relevant in Upperand Middle Odra Valley
National Monuments Nature Reserves (minority!)and Landmarks Natural Monuments (very few)
Managed Wildlife Sanctuaries Nature Reserves, Natura 2000and Nature Reserves
Protected Land Landscape Parks Only the most valuableand Seascapes National Parks (rest of them) parts
Resource Reserves Landscape Parks
Multiple-Use Management Areas of Protected landscape,Area /Managed Resource Nature-Landscape complexes,Area Ecological grounds, Natural
Monuments (majority!)
5.3.5.2 The nature conservation law
The Nature Conservation Law identifies the new category of Natura 2000 sites, whichis based on the EU Habitat Directive and the EU Bird Directive. The law stipulates that anEIA should be prepared according to the procedure described in the Environmental Law(2001), for all investments that could have an impact on habitats or species. Potential threatsfor species and/or habitats should be avoided, mitigated or compensated in land, habitatrestoration and eventually species reallocation. During recent months there has beena discussion in the Polish Parliament to remove some important competences forimplementing the new Nature Conservation Law (2004), which now rest with the voivodstowards the Marshal administration.
5.3.5.3 Natura 2000
GOP prepared new environmental legislation following the requirements of the AcquisCommunautaire before accession to the EU. This included adopting the requirementsof the Birds and Habitats Directives of EU. One of the most important tasks was to preparea List of potential Natura 2000 sites, which could be included in the EU Natura 2000 network.Criteria to be used for site selection and inclusion are provided in the Habitat and BirdDirectives.
GOP submitted a draft list of Natura 2000 sites in May 2004 to Brussels. The list was heavilycriticised by Nature Conservation organisations and researchers, who submitted a shadow listin December 2004, based on criteria given in the Habitat and Bird Directive. In May 2005a revised list of Natura sites' was published, which included most of the areas identifiedin the shadow list. So far no formal approval has been obtained from EU on the GOP
See web site Ministry of Environment
57
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
0 10 20 km
WROqtA ' 7
4.
R.v ' - ^I - I. \RACIE.6RZ -
SPAC
SAC & SPA PROPOSED
Figure 5.9 - Designated and potential Natura 2000 sites in the project area
Natura 2000 List. In this EA study the areas on the official MOE list from May 2005 have
been taken into consideration and indicated as Potential Natura Sites (PNS). A detailedsummary of the various protected areas according to the Polish system and the EU directivesis given in Annex B. The location of the PNS areas in the Upper and Middle Odra Valley are
shown in Figure 5.9.
5.4 CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
5.4.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF SILESIA
Both the Raciborz reservoir area and the area around Wroclaw are located in a zone thathas been densely inhabited since about 4 500 B.C. During more than six millennia many types
of settlements have been established in the Odra floodplain. These were often established nearto the river on the higher natural levees or on an island in the Odra. In a dynamic natural riverlandscape without dikes, the river frequently changed its course, forming new levees
58
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
+~~~~~~
j. * . -es wei *Je4 3
. .
FIgure -KnwnarhelgialsiesdonsramofWrcln. . ,, , 4
admadrblts an smtern ole core wit a layr of seiens Seteet ca
therefor be foun evrwhr in th Holcen Odr flopan bewe the highe
^. , ~~ *, .-. 2 ..- -^2 - ¾j
, ,*, --- -,
Plira. T h ge t u.. . w
A &-: K.-r: - ' >' C,b _: -. r i . -~ >~;r
Figure 5.10 -Known archeological sites downstream of Wroclaw (in 1941 )
and meander belts, and smothering older courses with a layer of sediments. Settlements cantherefore be found everywhere in the Holocene Odra floodplain, between the higherPleistocene terraces. These higher grounds were often used as burial grounds.
The settlements include sites from all periods dating from the Stone Age (mainly Neolithic),Bronze Age (which continued for about 1 000 years), Iron Age (mainly from the periodof Roman influence) and the early Middle Ages (including the tribal period up to the I0 thcentury and the early Middle Ages (Piast period) up to around 1250 AD. Figure 5.10 showsthe (in 1941) known sites in a small stretch (about 8 km) on the right bank of the Odra, nearWroclaw, between Osobowice and Redzin. Since then many more sites have been identified.
59
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
>~~~~~~;z2,57
C, __ ,ots
e H~ - z5 -__
, , X, '-S
.. S~ _'c --,v!#
/2.57 1 4S
Figure 5.12 - Location of Bronze age sites in the WWS project area
The latest changes in the WFS are connected with the construction of the navigation canal
through and around the city. In the years 1792-1794 the Piaskowa and Mieszczanska locks
were built. In 1895-1897 the Szczytnicka lock was constructed in the Old Odra, and the Psie
Pole weir and two locks in the Miej ski Canal were rebuilt for the purpose of navigation. Ships
up to 400 ton could pass on the Old Odra, and on the City Odra vessels up to 175 ton could
pass. The big flood in 1903 and the need to improve navigation boosted the construction
of the flood relief and the navigation canal.
5.4.6 MONUMENTAL WATER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES ON THE ODRA RIVERIN WROCLAW
A number of older water management structures in the WFS have developed into real
monuments, and are fine examples of the state of engineering and network managementof the 1 9 th and 2 0 th century. Among these are:
Piaskowa sluice: The technical and functional features of this sluice are characteristicfor locks built in the 18th and 1 gth century in Europe. At first they were made of wood
(1791-1794), but its present form took shape after re-building in 1820 and 1822. The sluice
can serve small ships only.
Mieszczanska sluice: The lock was built in 1791-1794. First it was made of wood,
but in 1874-1879 it was re-converted into a chamber lock with movable heads. It is a very
original concept, which increased the flow capacity.
62
Chapter 5 BASELINE DATA
City sluice: The construction and mode of operation of this sluice is typical for the endof the I9Oh century. The structure was built in 1892-1897 in order to serve the new waterway,which would avoid the Wroclaw city center where the Piaskowa and Mieszczanska sluicescould not cope with the increased shipments on the Odra. The original shape, the wayof operating of the chamber door and the building of the sluice master were retained.The structure protects the old city from high groundwater tables.
Psie Pole weir: Together with the Miejska lock the structure forms one barrage, which areoperated jointly. The construction is of the jack-spire type, which was common in Europeduring the 19t century. Weirs of this type were usually replaced by modem constructions.Flood gate: This structure - built in 1892-1897 - protects the industrial and housing areaswithout embankments on the left bank of the City Channel. The design was preparedby the famous constructor Eifel during the construction of the Panama Channel.The structure consists of a tray/drawer type protruded on carriages from a special chamberin the head. Characteristic is the very original design and the mode of operation, which worksby itself.
Redzin weir: The Redzin barrage, see Photo 5.4, is composed of two sluices built in 1918and 1934, and a three-span weir. The barrage is of unique construction, with an originaldesign to allow floating ice to pass.
Photo 5.4 - Redzin weir
On the voivodship list of historical structures there are a number of historical hydraulicand bridge structures, see Table 5.10. Any works related to those structures require previousformal approval of the Heritage Conservator.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Table 5.10 - List of historical hydraulic and bridge structures around Wroclaw
Item Location Structure Year of
Place Watercourse construction
1. Wroclaw Odra Popowice Harbour
2. Wroclaw Old Odra Rozanka Sluice 1901-16
3. Wroclaw Opatowicki Channel Opatowice Sluice
4. Wroclaw Widawa Krzywoustego Bridge
5. Wroclaw Old Odra Warszawskie Bridges 1916
6. Wroclaw Old Odra Trzebnickie Bridges
7. Wroclaw Old Odra Osobowickie Bridges 1897-98
8. Wroclaw Flood Channel Jagiellonow Bridge
9. Janowice, gm. Czernica Odra Hydropower Plant 1920-21
10. Janowice, gm. Czernica Odra Janowice Barrage 1911-17
11. Gajkow, gm. Czernica Janowicki Channel Road bridge 1913
12. Jeszkowice, gm. Czernica Janowicki Channel Road bridge over I sluice 1913
13. Jeszkowice, gm. Czernica Janowicki Channel Road bridge over 11 sluice 1917
5.4.7 LEGAL PROTECTION
There are several legal instruments to protect antiquities and archaeological and historic sites
and objects:
* Law on the protection of antiquities and archaeological objects (July 2003);
* Rules and procedures issued by the Ministry of Culture of June 2004, which concern
the conservation and restoration of archaeological sites and procedures concerning
the notification of implementation of construction works and earth moving activities.
These include a procedure for chance-finds;
* Act of June 1960 concerning the Administration Actions Code.
5.4.8 ORGANIZATION OF CONSERVATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE
The Law on Protection and conservation of cultural heritage is implemented and enforced
at two levels of government. At the national level, there is a General Antiquities Conservator,
who resorts under the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. At voivodship level there
is an Antiquities Protection office, led by the Voivod Conservator of Antiquities,
with the Archaeological Conservator reporting to him. All decisions concerning antiquities
in voivodship are made by the Voivod's Conservator.
64
Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS
CHAPTER 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
6.1 THE IMPACTS
Potential social and environmental impacts of the project were screened by takinginto account the effects caused by the projects' location, design, construction and projectoperation. Those impacts could be on the project areas itself, but also in a much larger areawhich is defined as the area of influence. This is the entire 240 km of floodplain betweenChalupki and Brzeg Dolny, where the effects of the ORFPP will be felt. Downstreamof Brzeg Dolny the effects of the project however are negligible as simulation studies show.Moreover a new weir in the Odra is constructed at Malczyce, which is near Brzeg Dolny.
In describing the detailed impacts a differentiation should be made between:I) The combined impacts of the ORFPP (Component A +B+C-rD) on the area of influence;2) The impacts of the construction of the Raciborz dry polder (Component A)
on the reservoir area itself and the area upstream and downstream;3) The impacts of the dike (re)constructions and modernization of structures of the Wroclaw
Floodway System (Component B) on the project area, which covers the floodplainof the Odra River between km 220 and km 269 and of the Widawa River between km 0and km 22 and along the Odra-Widawa transfer channel (3 km).
6.2 IMPACTS OF THE ORFPP (ALL COMPONENTS COMBINED)
6.2.1 SAFETY OF PEOPLE AND PROPERTY
The most important impact of the project will be the very significant positive effecton the protection level of major population centres, industrial areas and property in thefloodplain of the Odra River between Raciborz and Wroclaw. The project will considerablyimprove the safety of hundreds of thousands of people living in this part of the floodplain,reduce the huge economic and financial risks of large floods like the 1997 event, preventlarge-scale damage to cultural heritage and historical monuments, and improve the feelingof safety and well-being of people.
6.2.2 DAM FAILURE
Since the project involves the construction of a dam and a dry polder (to be used as a reservoirfor temporary storage of peak flood flows) upstream of a densely populated area, dam safetyissues are of concern. Any damage or break of the dam could immediately affect nearbyvillages, as well as Raciborz city. In the unlikely event of dam failure it has been estimatedthat a possible flood wave could reach Raciborz (pop. 61 000) within one hour. T he next mainpopulation centre of Kedzierzyn-Kozle would be reached after 12 hours, which is howeversufficient for emergency warning and evacuation. Thus the population of Raciborz, locateda few kilometres downstream, would be especially at risk.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Mitigating measures:
* Concerns regarding dam and dike safety are addressed in three stages, including:
(i) the design, (ii) construction and (iii) subsequent operations of dam and dikes.
Given the importance of dam safety, it has been agreed that that an independent Panel
of Experts (POE) will be constituted to oversee the preparation and implementation
of the dam safety aspect under the project.
(i) At the design stage, the POE will convene and review the design of the structures and
make recommendations that would be incorporated in the design before the bidding
process for construction could take place.
(ii) At the time of construction, the contractor is responsible for implementing the prepared
designs, and the project "Engineer" is ensuring that the contractor is complying
with the dam safety aspects and other aspects of the designs. At this stage, in addition
POE will be involved to provided further assistance to the contractor and the client
if needed to ensure proper implementation of the safety criteria of the object. In addition,
the contractor is to prepare an emergency response plan which would set out a chain
on notification and responsibility in the event of a break and emergency.
(iii) At the stage of operation, safe operation and maintenance of the dam and dikes would
be the responsibility of implementing agencies, such as RZGWGL and RZGWWL
and DZMiUW. Under component C of the project, funds are available to strengthen
the capacity of these institutions especially in operation and maintenance of the structures
being built. Also, an emergency preparedness plans will be prepared under the component
for improving flood management in the Odra valley. In addition, the Polish national body
for dam safety monitoring, Dam Monitoring Centre (OTKZ) will be assessing
and monitoring annually technical and safety conditions of all dams in the country
including those built under the project.
Given the above described measures during project design, construction and subsequent
operation and maintenance, the Dam Safety issues under the project is safely addressed,
so no issue is outstanding to be mitigated.
6.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER (COMPONENT A)
6.3.1 CHANGES IN LAND USE AND RESETTLEMENT
The decision to use the Raciborz dry polder as a reservoir for storing peak floods
will be conflicting with most existing land uses within the proposed polder area,
such as housing, agriculture, public utilities, water supply, industrial and commercial
establishments. Most of these uses will have to be phased out, although certain uses can
be permitted after reservoir construction, albeit under strict regulations (e.g. agriculture -
meadows and pastures only, gravel extraction, establishment of certain types of forests
and wetlands, day recreation and military use). RZGWGL is in the process of acquiring
the reservoir area and one of the most negative impacts will be the required resettlement
of about 240 families (about 700 people) living in the villages Nieboczowy and Ligota
Tworkowska. RZGWGL has prepared a detailed Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), dated July
2005 to address the issues related to the relocation of these two villages.
66
Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MIT1GATIONS
_, -- X '* "' - ~ -,**s : S f
-*~ ~~ * 1
if.
, , .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A
p~~~~~~~~~~~
Photo 6.1 - Aerial view of Nieboczowy village, planned for resettlement(photo P. Nieznanski, WWF Poland)
Photo 6.2 - Arable field dominating in the area of Raciborz reservoir
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Mitigatine measures:
* Socio-economic studies have been carried out and a detailed Resettlement Action Plan(RAP) is prepared, which includes compensation measures and follow-up. Land
acquisition is underway and preparations are made to resettle families in a suitable
location nearby. For more details concerning the major socio-economic impacts, reference
is made to the RAP report (July 2005).
6.3.2 RELOCATION OF PUBLIC UTILITIES
Another major impact will be the removal or relocation of some public utilities such
as electric power lines, transformers, telephone lines, drinking water wells, oil tanks,
sewerage systems and waste dumps etc. located within the proposed reservoir area.These will have to be either dismantled or relocated for safety reasons and not to contaminate
soil, surface water and groundwater resources in the area during operation of the reservoir.
Electric power lines for gravel extraction will have to be secured, so that they can withstand
floods in the reservoir. Existing waste dumps, containers, petrol stations and depots
of chemicals, oil and gas tanks, stores of fertilizer and other toxic substances could be major
sources of pollution of soil, surface water and groundwater. All these potential sources
of contamination will be removed and disposed off in a safe way.
The drinking water wells and related infrastructure in Tajchow, which is currently supplying
drinking water to several neighbouring villages (4 000 inhabitants) in the Gmina Lubomia
will be closed and RZGWGL and local authorities are jointly working on alternative
solutions. It is recommended to explore the option to connect the affected villages to the main
water supply system of the agglomeration of Wodzislaw, as other local water supply systems
tapping the floodplain aquifer might be contaminated by coal waste tailings from the Bukow
dump.
Mitigating measures:
* Remove all existing waste dumps, containers and depots of chemicals, oil tanks, fertilizer
and other toxic substances; action by RZGWGL, in cooperation with owners;
* Ban the construction or use of any new depots of chemicals, oil and oil productsand fertilizer in area;
* Enforce restrictions on mining companies allowing them to store only limited quantities
of oil products and chemicals used in mining operations at safe levels, whichis about 1.0 m above max. storage level (196.5 m asl);
* Waste should be disposed off at sites allocated for this purpose outside the reservoir area;
* Work out an alternative safe drinking water supply (wells and associated infrastructure)
in cooperation with the affected Gmina of Lubomia.
6.3.3 RISK OF DAMAGE TO CULTURAL PROPERTIES
The construction of the reservoir will involve construction of many kilometersof embankments and main dike. The amount of earthwork is estimated at 13.5 Mm3.
The identification of borrow areas for soils to be used for construction of embankmentsor any other earthwork will be based - amongst others - on a detailed inventory of known
archaeological sites. The inventory is recently completed by RZGWGL (May 2005)
and will be used by the engineering consultants to verify that no damage will occur
68
Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MIT7GATIONS
to any archaeological site or monument in the area. Proper procedures for dealingwith "chance finds" will be incorporated in the contract documents. Given this factsit is expected that risk of damage to cultural heritage is minimized and safely addressed,so no issue is outstanding to be mitigated.
Mitiration measures:
* An archaeological inventory of known sites including location and detailed descriptionof the existing sites has been undertaken (May 2005);
* Earth moving plans will be prepared using the results of this inventory avoiding potentialdamage to these sites;
* "Chance find" procedures, will be incorporated in contract documents.
6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ DRY POLDER(COMPONENT A)
6.4.1 RISK OF DAMAGE TO NATURAL HABITATS DURING CONSTRUCTION
There is a considerable risk that during reservoir construction valuable natural habitatswill be destroyed by earth-moving equipment and other construction activities or usedas borrow areas. The most vulnerable natural habitats in the reservoir are the following:
; .,.
Photo 6.3 - Oxbow lake Sudol
69
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Tworkowski forestThis is a protected PNS both under the Habitat and the Bird Directive. The forest
and its undergrowth vegetation and associated wet meadows can easily be damagedby earth-moving activities, construction equipment and vehicles. It cannot be regenerated
once disturbed. Therefore vehicles and other equipment will be banned from the area
and a buffer zone (width 100-200 m) around the Forest will be respected.
Sudol oxbow complex and associated wetlandsA large relatively undisturbed oxbow complexes with associated wet meadowsof about 150 ha near the city of Raciborz. The site has no special protection status,
but has an important function in the Upper Odra ecological corridor and is one of the last
large natural oxbow lakes with gallery forest and wet meadows. A small areaof the complex (about 1-2 ha) at the Western side will be lost due to the constructionof the embankment. The remaining area will be protected and no vehicles and equipment
will be allowed in the complex during construction.
Fringes of Wielikat pondsA few ha of characteristic trees and thickets along the road Lubomia-Bukow bordering
the embankment of the Wielikat ponds, together with the Tworkowski Forest a PNS, will
have to be removed due to construction of the polder embankment. Since these trees and
bushes perform an important function as bio-corridor between Tworkowski forest and
Wielikat ponds and they are situated within the PNS, some compensatory measures will
be taken to replace these trees and bushes by planting a comparable area with new ones.
Meadows East of NieboczowyA number of wet meadows East of Nieboczowy, situated in a typical mesotrophic seepage
zone below the steep hill on the eastern side of the valley runs the risk to be damagedduring embankment construction nearby. A number of protected plant species can
be found there (shown in the WWF Auen Atlas). The area to be protected will be indicated
in the field in order not to damage these unique ecosystems by construction activities.
Brzezie Ponds and meadowsThe Brzezie ponds are located a short distance (about 0.5-1 km) North of the planned main
dam. Although not situated inside the reservoir, the ponds and valuable fringes are close
to the dam site and might easily be damaged. The area will be clearly marked in the field
as a no-go area. There is also a risk that the water supply feeding the pond with a very
sensitive eco-system would be interrupted or altered. Measures will be taken to avoid
drying up of the water supply through constructing an alternative supply channel outside
the polder embankment. Contamination of this new channel with sewage waterfrom nearby residential areas will be avoided.
Natural drainage channels and tributaries of OdraClosure of natural drainage channels and Odra tributaries (Psina, Plinc and other small
streams) to the Odra and removal of thickets, hedges, forest elements, humid meadowsand haylands during construction will destroy or damage a number of valuable habitats.This will also increase isolation and fragmentation of remaining natural habitat complexes.On the left bank of the Odra there is currently a more or less continuous North-Southecological corridor connecting the Tworkowski forest through gallery forest along theOdra bank towards the Psina outlet and continuing along the Odra left bank to the Sudol
oxbow and wet meadows complex. This main structure will be protected and enhancedas an important bio-corridor.
70
Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANTIMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
~ A'"
-M ,, m L
Photo 6.4 - Brzezie ponds in the vicinity of the projected Raciborz reservoir.
Photo 6.5 - Fruits of the strictly protected water chestnut Trapa natans foundin the Brzezie pond is an indicator for 1-2 m deep, relativelywa6r , slightly eutrophic old oxbow lakes / ponds.
71
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Mitisatinu measures:
* Create buffer zones sufficiently wide to protect the natural habitats described.The areas will be clearly marked prior to the start of the construction;
* Re-planting of lost tree lines and bushes around the Wielikat ponds;
* Take measures to avoid drying up of the water supply of Brzezie ponds through
constructing an alternative supply channel outside the polder embankment. Maintain
existing water quality.
6.4.2 IMPACT OF LOWER FLOOD LEVELS ON NATURAL HABITATSDOWNSTREAM OF RACIBORZ
Impacts downstream on natural habitats will mainly depend of maximum river levels during
flood events and these will largely be determined by the operational rules of the reservoir.
Therefore, to minimize impacts on natural habitats located downstream, it is beneficial
not to manage recurrent flood waves, with no risk for the flood defence system, so that they
could pass the Raciborz structure uncontrolled. The capacity of the Raciborz outlet structure
is designed that a flood with a return period of 10 year could pass undisturbed. RZGWGL
intends not to regulate flows less than 10 year return period flows. Thus the following
discussions on potential impacts on downstream natural habitats are based on the assumption
that only peak flows in excess of 10 year return period flood levels, would be temporarily
stored in the polder.
Simulations on inundation carried out by design engineering consultants indicate
that in the floodplain downstream of Raciborz there would be an overall reduction in flood
levels (with an average of 0.50 - 1.00 m) during large floods with a return period of more
than 10 year. Although less frequent, these floods are important for the survival of a number
of habitats, some of them belonging to the most precious and threatened ecosystems
in Poland. The main impact on floodplain habitats will be a drying out effect, caused by less
frequent flooding and lower groundwater tables. Ecosystems specialized to survive
and flourish under influence of occasional floods such as softwood forests and elder-ash
complexes would be affected and might eventually be replaced by less valuable dry meadows
and forms of hardwood forests not requiring flooding. Table 6.1 gives a list of potential
Natura 2000 sites, which might be affected. However, in order to determine the extent'
and nature2 of these impacts more data are needed, which are not available at the present time.
It should be realized that modelling cannot predict these events and potential impacts, which
only can be assessed by detailed inventories and mapping of the affected areas. Also, since
these impacts could only develop over a long period of time an adequate hydrobiological
monitoring system would be more useful not only to monitor the impacts, but also to adjust
the reservoir operating rules and to provide feedback to the Ministry of Environment.
The downstream effects on specific habitat situated in the active floodplain have been
identified by comparing inundations maps with the data available in the ecological database,
the Odra Auen Atlas (OAA) and PNS data. The predicted impacts are qualitatively indicated
in Table 6.1.
IFor assessment of impacts detailed relief maps (not available) and expected flood levels should be compared.
2 Detailed biological inventories are lacking, only a general inventory of natural habitats along the Odra is available (Odra
Auen Atlas,WWF, 2001)
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Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS
Table 6.1 - Potential Natura 2000 sites downstream of Raciborzaffected by changes in flood regime
Name PNS Size Potential Natura 2000 Remarksin ha sites
SAC' SPA 2
1 Opolska Dolina Odry 3 740 X Impacts expected in some parts2 Grady Odrzanskie 20 461 X Minor impacts expected in some parts3 Grady w Dolinie Odry3 8 027 X Minor impacts expected in some parts4 Dolina Widawy 909 X Minor impacts expected5 Legi Odrzanskie 18 108 X X No impacts expected
Source: GOP, Ministry of Environment, published on web site, May 2005
Mitizatin, measures:
* The least negative impacts would be achieved when normal (average) floods and floodswith a probability up to once in 10 year would not be managed from the reservoirand could pass the Raciborz outlet gates uncontrolled. Limiting the retention of floodwaves to large floods only (e.g. floods with a lower probability then once in 10 year)would be possible provided this presents no additional risk for the flood defence system.
6.4.3 RISK OF DAMAGE TO TWORKOWSKI FOREST DURING RESERVOIROPERATION
The Tworkowski Forest (170 ha) situated in the proposed dry polder, is one of the lastremaining larger complexes of riverine natural forests along the Upper Odra River. The areais proposed by GOP together with the Wielikat Ponds as a Special Protection Area, accordingto the Bird Directive: Wielikat Ponds & Tworkowski Forest and a Special Areaof Conservation: Tworkowski Forest, according to the Habitat Directive.
The impact of floods on a complicated ecological system like the Tworkowski Forestand its associated flora and fauna depends on many factors and is difficult to predict.The Tworkowski Forest consists of three layers: (i) tree stands (mainly 10-25 m), (ii) shrubswith under storey (2-5 m) and (iii) ground herbaceous vegetation with tree saplings (0-1 m).Usually the shrub and ground vegetation is most affected by the floods and could die withindays, depending of the season. Most trees can reasonably survive a flood depth of 4-5 m deepand even benefit from deposition of silt and sediment during extreme floods, but thereare quite big differences in susceptibility among different tree species. Very importantis the duration of floods. Floods for more than 10 days however, will substantially damageor even completely destroy the shrubs and ground vegetation. Mature tree stands of elmor oak could survive 2-3 weeks of inundation, whereas willow and poplar usually surviveeven up to 2-3 months of flood. An important factor is also the season when the floods occur.Summer flood is rather not favourable for long inundations through high rate of metabolicprocesses and high demand of root system for oxygen during summer. Low velocityof the water flow or even its stagnation inside the reservoir during flood storage could leadto considerable damage.
SAC: Special Area of Conservation according to Habitat DirectiveSPA: Special Protection Area according to Bird Directive
3> 90% overlap with Grady Odrzanskie
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
A few principles applied during the preparation of operational rules for the reservoir could
reduce ecological impacts considerably:
1) Small floods (annual and recurrent floods up to 10 year) should pass the structure
uncontrolled;
2) During operation: duration of storage should be as short as possible;
3) During operation: release of stored flood water should start as soon as possible(after peak flow);
4) Stagnation in the reservoir should be avoided.
The design capacity of the Raciborz outlet structure is such that a flow of 1 000 m3/s could
pass uncontrolled. This is equal to a flood with a return period of once in 10 year. Thus when
these floods would not be managed, there would be no impact on the Tworkowski Forest.
In order to assess potential impacts during operation of the reservoir the engineering design
consultants have carried out inundation simulations (peak flood flow storage periodsand corresponding water levels) for different flood return periods (respectively once in 10, 50
and 100 years) and different discharge rates (ranging from 3 00-1 200 m3 /s). The simulations
are prepared on the assumption that floods stored in the reservoir are stored as short
as possible and that floods are released as soon as possible. The results of these simulations
are given in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 - Period of inundation and max. reservoir levels with various flood return periodsand maximum release
Flood Return period Max. release Max. reservoir level Period during whichm3
/s m asl reservoir is in use days
Once in 10 year 300 194.2 24
500 191.8 7
800 187.2 2
Once in 50 year 600 194.8 10
800 192.7 8
1 000 190.3 7
Once in 100 year 800 194.4 8
1 000 192.3 7
1 200 187.4 6
Partial closure of the gates to reduce the outflow to 800 m3/s will store water in the reservoir
during 2 days. For a higher flow of 50 and 100 years and a release of 800 m3/s this
will be 8 days. For floods up to 10 year return period there would no impact on the
Tworkowski forest (average terrain level between 189-190 m asl). For larger floods, when
the reservoir is in operation the impacts, in terms of level and period of inundation period,
vary not very significant up to 100 year return period flood flow. For example, a 50 year flood
with an outflow of 800 m3/s (which is 20% less than the design outflow of 1 000 m3/s) would
inundate the forest for a maximum period of 8 days up to a depth of 3 m and a 100 year flood
for 8 days up to 5 m. For exceptional floods events - like the 1997 - flood the forest could
be inundated up to 6.0 m.
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Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
Photo 6.6 - Aerial view of Tworkowski Forest(photo P. Nieznanski, WWF Poland)
Photo 6.7 - Odra river and Tworkowski Forest near Ligota Tworkowska
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Since detailed data on the composition of the forest and its flora and fauna as well as detailed
information on soils, hydrology and relief are lacking, a baseline survey of hydrobiological
conditions of the forest will be carried out. A monitoring network will be installed to follow
and evaluate possible changes in hydrology and ecology of the forest. On basis of the findings
the operational rules of the reservoir will have to be reviewed from time to time to balance
the requirements for maximum safety and reduction of ecological impacts. Therefore
it is proposed to engage the services of an ecologist, with a good background in floodplain
ecology, as part of the team responsible for developing and implementing Component Cl
(Flood management plans, including reservoir management).
Miti2atinz measures:
* Operational rules for the reservoir should only be prepared after taking into consideration
the recommendations from the ecological and hydrological studies on the effects
of reservoir operations on the areas downstream and inside the reservoir;
* Permanent monitoring of groundwater observation wells, within the reservoir area
and the Tworkowski Forest should be carried out to determine fluctuations in ground
water levels and groundwater behaviour in dry periods and during floods;
* Permanent observation plots for inventory and monitoring of habitats and bio-indicators
should be established in relation with the groundwater observation network;
* The species composition of tree stands, vitality and degree of maturity of forest
are important factors for the survival of the forest under such extreme conditions.
Since not much experience exists of the behaviour of such alluvial forests, a detailed
ecological inventory of the tree stand should be made together with an assessment of tree
vitality and fluctuations in groundwater levels;
* There might be a possibility, which should be explored to train the forest to withstand
artificial floods through partially filling the reservoir for short periods, during periods
of low risk;
* Engage the services of an ecologist, with a good background in floodplain ecology, as part
of the team responsible for developing and implementing Component C1
(Flood management plans, including reservoir management).
6.4.4 RISK OF DAMAGE OF RIVER CONTINUUM AND ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR
Construction of the dry polder embankments and outlet structure might result in significant
site-specific impacts and blocking of the river continuum. Similarly this might occur due
to closure of the smaller Odra tributaries and natural drainage channels flowing through
the polder. Removal of associated thickets, hedges, forest elements, humid meadows
and haylands might further reduce the area of wildlife habitats and block ecological corridors
within the area connecting outside natural forest elements and lakes on both sides
of the valley. Interruption of the river continuum will be partly be mitigated by adequate
reservoir management (as discussed above) but the outlet structure and associated works
and embankments will form major obstacles for migration of flora and fauna. This will lead
to fragmentation of the important North-South international bio-corridor along the Odra River
and reduce migration. A mitigation measure will be to preserve and enhance natural
complexes on the left bank of the reservoir and to ban gravel exploitation West of the river,
which only leads to further destruction of landscape and natural environment.
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Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
Mitigatin' measures:
* Designate buffer zones along riverbed, Tworkowski Forest, Sudol oxbow and old Psinaoutlet as a protected zone;
* Establish a bio-corridor that connects the Tworkowski complex with natural elementsalong the Odra, the former Psina outlet and the Sudol complex, see Figure 2. 1;
* Integrate refuge hills (see Section 6.4.5) to maintain functional connectivity acrossthe Odra valley (E-W bio-corridor).
6.4.5 HIGH RISK OF DROWNING OF ANIMALS
During floods it is expected that a number of animals may drown in the reservoir, sincethe water level in the reservoir may rise rapidly. It is expected that most larger mammals,such as deer and boar hiding in the forest areas, will safely reach higher grounds beyondthe left and right embankments of the reservoir. However, for small mammals and reptilesthis could be difficult, in view of the speed of the rise in water level, which could be between0.20-0.30 m/h. In such circumstances a high percentage of small animals may perish.Therefore, it is proposed to use the soil deposits left during the gravel mining operationsto create refugee hills for animals and (lateral) bio-corridors.
Mitimatinif measures:
* Within the reservoir area there are many soil depots resulting from mining operations.During these operations the topsoil up to a depth of 3 to 4m depth is removed and placedinto special depots in order to reach the gravel layers below. These clay depots could beused to make a number of artificial refuge hills or ridges where small animals mightescape. The top part of these hills should be at least at an elevation of 196 m asl and havea minimum size of 0.3-0.5 ha. Preferably these hills should be covered with naturalvegetation and shrubs established mostly as result of natural succession processes. Theirsurface should be thoroughly shaped by machines, avoiding creation of new illegal wastedump places from gravel companies or others. The refuge hills could strengthen proposedlocal E-W bio-corridors. Integration of these hills with bio-corridors thereforeis recommended (see above Section 6.4.4).
6.5 SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF WFS (COMPONENT B)
6.5.1 REMOVAL OF HOMESTEAD GARDENS AND TREES
About 2 000 homestead gardens covering about 77 ha will have to be removed, includingsheds, trees and other property. The compensation procedures, including possible reallocationof these gardens and associated infrastructure are worked out in detail in a separate document:Resettlement Policy Framework for Widawa Transfer Channel and Popowice-Kozanow.
Mitizatinmt measures:
* The reallocation and compensation of these gardens will be properly plannedand implemented under separate resettlement plan.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
6.5.2 RISK OF DAMAGING ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS
Archaeological sites and objects might be accidentally damaged during WFS project works.
Here, a distinction should be made between (i) known sites, which are the legally protected
sites and (ii) unknown archaeological sites and objects, which might be discovered during
earthworks. A detailed inventory of known archaeological sites will be prepared as part
of sub-project specific EIA preparation, which will be used by the engineering consultant
to prepare a plan for siting borrow pits and implementation of earth works. For the category
of unknown archaeological sites proper procedures for dealing with "chance-find"will be incorporated in the contract documents. This includes a notification of the Conservator
of Antiquities before the start of the works and a procedure to be applied after an unexpected
find during construction activities (usually earthworks and dredging). Compliance
with and enforcement of this procedure according to archaeologists is usually sufficient
to provide adequate protection to cultural heritage.
Mitizatinm measures:
* The archaeological inventory of known sites which is recently prepared should be used
together with other information to determine the final alignment of embankments,the location of borrow areas and the areas where other earth works (including dredging)
will be carried out;
* The Conservator of Antiquities should be notified before the start of the works.
6.5.3 RISK OF DAMAGING HISTORIC WATER STRUCTURESAND RETAINING WALLS
Especially within the city of Wroclaw a large part of the old flood protection system,
including many embankments and a number of bridges and sluices, are objects of historical,
cultural and touristic value. Special attention will be given to supervision during
(re)construction works design and construction to ensure prevention of irreparable damage
of these objects. Designs of retention walls along boulevards of Wroclaw to be reconstructed
will be in compliance with designs and criteria prepared by the Office of the Conservator
of Monuments of Wroclaw.
MitiQatine measures:
* All detailed reconstruction plans and designs should be thoroughly discussedwith technical specialists of the city of Wroclaw and the Conservator of Antiquities.
During construction there is permanent supervision and inspection needed by qualified
restoration experts.
6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF WFS
6.6.1 LOCAL EIAS REQUIRED FOR DETAILED PLANNING
Compared to the Raciborz reservoir fewer negative impacts are to be expected
from the modernization of the Wroclaw Floodway System (WFS). This is mainly
due to the nature of this component, i.e. the reconstruction and improvement of an existing
flood protection system. However, the identified impacts are spread over a large area
and cannot be described in detail because detailed designs and specific locations
of the alignment, and details on earth-moving and dredging work, are not yet available.
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Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND THEIR MITIGATIONS
For this reason it is important that, in due time, at local level, detailed EIAs should be carriedout to determine potential impacts. According to Polish law, local EIAs are compulsory for allproject works, with the exception of the reconstruction of existing embankments,when located outside PNS or other protected areas. Public participation is essential to enhancethe "transparency" of the envisaged works and to improve public acceptance. It would resultin improved quality of the plans.
6.6.2 RISK OF DAMAGE TO NATURA 2000 SITES DURING CONSTRUCTION
Some of the embankment to be (re) constructed are situated within the PNS "GradyOdrzanskie", the PNS "Grady w dolinie Odry" and the PNS "Dolina Widawy" or justbordering these nature reserves. At several places the chosen alignment requires fellingof parts of forest, tree lanes and bushes. Also vulnerable vegetation and topsoil in wetlandsand humid meadows could be damaged by earth moving and levelling operationsand this should be prevented. At a number of places the embankment is widenedat the expense of the alluvial forest, meadows and wetlands in order to avoid damage on farmland. It should be stressed that in these conservation areas the priorities shouldbe with conserving natural and landscape elements and not in the first place with agriculturalinterests. Negative effects on agriculture should be avoided where possible,but not at the expense of nature.
The existing embankments at the Widawa confluence near the oxbow complex southof Swiniary and in Widawa Valley will be opened up (works 19, 27 and 46 respectively).Excavation and removal of soil for reuse at other locations could cause substantial damageto forests, meadows and ecosystems, and this should be avoided.
Mitizating measures:
* Specify detailed mitigation measures during preparation of local EIAs during procedureto obtain construction permits.
Considerations to be included in the detailed design studies:
Borrow areas:* In the selection of borrow areas not only consideration should be given on type of material
and distance: potential damage to landscape, natural habitats and cultural historic aspectsshould be avoided;
* Location of borrow areas near known archaeological sites should be avoided;* Location of borrow areas in nature valuable areas indicated in the baseline survey
JacobsGibb, 2003, Annex V part 7 should be avoided, especially in PNS or other protectedsites;
* Location of borrow areas near former dike breach scours (lochs) should be avoided,since these places form important cultural historic and landscape elements,see also Section 5.1.2.3. There are at least 15 of such lochs over a distance of 8 kmbetween Siedlce and Kotowice, they have not been mapped as yet. For all plannedreconstruction works a detailed landscape and ecological inventory is recommendedto identify these and other valuable elements;
* Borrow areas in unprotected areas outside the dikes should be avoided unless situatedon farmland;
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
* Other nature valuable areas like wetlands, wet meadows and river dune areas should
be avoided.
Levelling and earthmoving:* Levelling of land and all earth moving outside the dike and natural areas inside
the embankment should be prohibited, with the exception of a working strip along
the embankment;
* All access roads to the work should be located on the landside of the dike.
Removal of vegetation and bushes:* Trees, vegetation and bushes should only be removed if conflicting with the flood
protection function of the embankment;
* Monumental lanes and/or protected trees on existing embankments solution should
be considered case by case and where feasible and desired alternative solutions should
be worked out (selection of an alternative alignment or design).
Removal of old embankments:* In order to enlarge the retention capacity of the floodplain existing embankments
will be opened up at several places to provide access to floodwater. Removal of soil
material from these dikes in forests and other nature habitats should be avoided, in order
to minimize disturbance and destruction of forests and natural habitats. In agricultural
areas, old embankments might be removed, unless they are protected for landscape
or cultural historic reasons.
6.6.3 DAMAGE DUE TO DREDGING OPERATIONS
The alluvial forests and wet meadows along the Odra floodplain and close to the river channel
might be affected by the dredging works to deepen and widen the river bed. The construction
of access roads and the deposition of excavated soil and sediments in forest areas can also
be detrimental for some of these vulnerable habitats, and this is to be avoided.
While deepening and enlarging of the Widawa River bed will result in an increase
of its conveyance capacity, it would also cause less frequent inundations of the river valley.
Other potential impacts could include improved drainage, felling of small parts of forest
(a strip of 100-200 m wide and 0.5 km long, upstream of Redzin barrage) close to the channel,
lowering of groundwater tables, drying of some wet meadows, temporary withdrawal of most
fish species from the affected stretch of the river and disposal of dredged material.
In the absence of detailed baseline data and design information, it is not feasible to predict
these impacts and develop appropriate mitigation plans. However, these impacts
will be studied in detail as part of the proposed local EIA required for obtaining site
and construction permits.
Mitigation measures:
* Natural or semi-natural forests and wet meadows should as much as possible be spared
and remain untouched. Operations on the embankments should be avoided as much
as possible in order to decrease the negative impacts of earth moving and excavation
equipment, loaders and lorries on natural ecosystems and landscape, which is usually
lasting. Felling of any dense tree complex is out of the question;
* Dredging operations should be done with suitable dredging equipment on the river
and the extracted silt would be loaded on barges to transport the material to a safe depot
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Chapter 6 SIGNIFICANTIMPACTS OF THE PROJECTAND THEIR MITIGATIONS
-~~'<
p~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .
Photo 6.8 - Trees which grow on the dike endanger the safety of embank-ment. On the other side, many of them are of high naturaland landscape value.
Photo 6.9 - Reconstruction of this embankment between Siediceand Kotowice might destroy some valuable habitats: wetmeadows and hardwood nivenine forests.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
outside these areas. Long periods of high turbidity of the water which is very harmful
for the aquatic fauna should be avoided;
* Dredging should not be done during winter time;
* The work methodology for dredging should be properly described in the design
specifications and tender documents. This is also important in view of the fact
that the works will be implemented in a popular recreational area not far from Wroclaw
and any negative publicity or mistakes might damage the image of RZGWWL. It should
be both the responsibility of the Contractor and RZGWWL to ensure that these activities
do not cause environmental damage and minimize any nuisance.
Compensation:
* In order to compensate for the degradation of wet lands and forests along the Widawa
River and its confluence with the Odra it has been suggested to establish a renaturization
and nature education project in the Widawa Valley. Objective of such a project could
be to get practical experience in redeveloping natural habitats characterised by a large
biodiversity and situated in a protected area (e.g. PNS Dolina Widawy). Proposals along
the same line have also been forwarded by the NGO "Pro Natura" to create a number
of islands in the Odra River near the Widawa River outlet (see Annex D4). This combined
with the establishment of a nature education centre managed by one or more NGO's
specialized in nature conservation could attract school children, local residents and tourists
from neighbouring Wroclaw could help to make such a centre sustainable. These
suggestions could be worked out during the implementation of the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP), see Chapter 8.
6.6.4 IMPACTS ON SMALL LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS.
The (re)construction of embankments involving widening and heightening of dike profiles
might affect small landscape elements with natural value (small oxbows, river dunes,
monumental trees and characteristic lawns, small bushes, hedges and thickets) or with cultural
historic value (old dike breach scours, historic embankments, etc.). An inventory
of monumental trees inside the city of Wroclaw has been made, but landscape elements have
not been systematically surveyed. In order to prevent damage to these elements a review
would be made during preparation of local EIAs and existing procedures to protect
monumental trees and measures to protect landscape elements would be followed.
If protection is not possible some compensatory landscaping would be developed
(e.g. by planting trees) by involving a landscape architect in designing such measures.
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Chapter 7 OTHER RELE VANT NON-PROJECTRELATED ISSUES
CHAPTER 7 OTHER RELEVANT NON-PROJECT RELATED ISSUES
7.1 COORDINATION OF PLANS REQUIRED
A potential risk is that insufficient coordination between the various agencies involvedin spatial planning and planning of flood protection works would reduce the overall benefitsof the project. An example is the plan for the construction of new embankments in the sectionbetween Turze and Opole in the Odra valley prepared by the Amelioration Department inOpole (OZMiUW). This plan includes the construction of new embankments near the Odra,narrowing the active floodplain to a maximum width of 600 m, and dredging and widening ofsome sections of the Odra riverbed, mostly upstream of Kedzierzyn-Kozle. The plan and itsimpact on flood levels have not been taken into consideration during the feasibility studies forthe current project. Implementation of the plan would considerably affect the predictedinundations in the Odra stretch between km 65 and km 145 and create new hydraulicbottlenecks. This type of conflicts should be avoided by improving the coordination betweenthe various authorities.
For that purpose, as described in Chapter 6, Component C l aims to support developmentof improved flood management plans and coordination with local authorities and stakeholdersto ensure consistency between local and regional flood management plans coveringa balanced approach to structural and non-structural measures.
7.2 FLOOD CONTROL AND PHYSICAL PLANNING
At various locations there have been recent spatial developments, which are conflictingwith the potential designation of the Widawa floodplain as flood relief channel. DZMiUWcomplains that it is handicapped in carrying out necessary works because of legal constraints.Formal designation of Widawa valley as an area with flood risk as defined by Article 82of the Water Act has not taken place and this should be done. This is essential beforeany flood protection plan can be implemented.
Currently a number of gminas along the Widawa valley (mainly Wroclaw and Wisznia Mala,but also Dlugoleka and Oborniki Slaskie) are developing residential and service areasat locations which are conflicting with the flood relief function. Embankments at the villageof Psary are found to be projected through a new residential area with villas at both sideof the dike (see Photo 7.2). At another place a residential area has been developednear to the river bed. At other places illegal industrial buildings, houses and a waste dumpwere found next to the river bed. Insufficient coordination between project investors and localadministration could lead to cost increases and increased flood hazards to communities. Thisshould be avoided. One of the related problems is that RZGWWL is responsible for floodcontrol but has no mandate in the Widawa valley, where water management falls under theAmelioration Authority (DZMiUW).
Good coordination between the project investors and local administration could avoidincreases in cost of flood protection works and decrease further flood hazards to communities.This should be done by giving a higher priority and a legal basis to flood control in spatialplanning. This activity would be supported under component C3 of the project.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
7.3 IMPROVE INTEGRATION OF PLANNINGOF INFRASTRUCTURAL WORKS.
7.3.1 INTEGRATION OF ROAD DESIGNS IN AREA UPSTREAMS OF WROCLAW
At several places it was observed that designs for infrastructural works such as road
construction are insufficiently integrated with the plans for improved flood control.
The design of a Powiat road (Wroclaw) near to Blizanowice so far is insufficiently integrated
with the design for reconstruction of the embankments in the Polder Blizanowice-Trestno.
In the present design the Odra dike and the new road aligment (in fill) are projected parallel
to each other at short distance (100-150m) leaving a narrow arable strip of land between these
two dikes, which is for technical, economic and landscape reasons not a very attractive
solution.
7.3.2 INTEGRATION OF DESIGN OF NEW ROADS IN WROCLAW AREA
Comparable problems could be found in the area of the city of Wroclaw. Here the design
of the northern ring road of Wroclaw and the project Obwodnica Autostradowa (highway),
crossing both the Odra and Widawa valley (left bank km 16.0-17.0) should be properly
integrated and coordinated with the present flood control designs. It is unclear to what extent
the implementation of these projects will interfere or conflict with the functioning of flood
protection and flood relief works.
7.3.3 HYDRAULIC BOTTLE-NECKS IN THE ACTIVE FLOODPLAIN
Within the active floodplain of Odra and Widawa river a number of hydraulic bottle-necks
can be identified. The question is raised whether these narrow cross-sections and bottle necks
have sufficiently been taken into consideration in the evaluation of the results in the various
simulation and terrain models. The bottle necks identified are the following:
* Odra km 226.4 - width active floodplain only 1.0 km;
* Railway bridge and embankments crossing Odra valley between Kotowice and Czernica
(Odra km 230.7);
* Odra between km 240.0 and km 242.0 width active floodplain only 0.5 km;
* Powiat road (projected) over Odra near km 241;
* Reduction of retention area on the left bank of Odra valley through embankments
reconstruction of vast area of arable land around villages Trestno and Blizanowice
(part of No 3) and Opatowice (circular ring No 4);
* Railway bridge and embankments crossing Odra valley between Kotowice and Czernica
(Odra km 230.7) Odra between km 264 and km 267 (outflow of Widawa River);
* Narrowing of the Widawa valley by the projected embankments of the stretches
km 4.0-km 5.0, km 11.0-km 12.0 and km 18.0-km 21.5;
* Road bridges in Widawa valley (km 4, km 10, km 17) and projected motorway
in ca. km 13.
If required the selected alignments for dikes at above-listed points should be reviewed,
in order to increase the floodplain area. Laying backwards of alignment Odra dikes would
seem possible at some points near Siedlce and possibly in Trestno by excluding the few
84
Chapter 7 OTHER RELEVANT NON-PROJECT RELA TED ISSUES
b~~i7t a _
Photo 7 1 - Bridge over the old Widawa on the Poznan road with illegalurban and industrial encroachments blocking the safe passageof flood water.
.,i* A t,
Photo 7.2 - Widawa river near Psary - new villa situated on active floodplainunprotected outside the projected WWS embankments.
85
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
derelict industrial buildings at that site. Furthermore could the retention capacity be increased
of the Polder Blizanowice-Trestno by protecting only the settlements and not the agricultural
areas at Trestno and Opatowice.
Also along the Widawa Valley it is physically possible to position the embankments further
backwards from the river (for instance on the right bank upstream of Zgorzelisko/Gorlice,
at Krzyzanowice, near Widawa). This would enlarge the active floodplain of the Widawa
river and partly remove other bottlenecks.
7.3.4 EXPERTISE IN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
RZGWWL, RZGWGL and DZMiUW are staffed with qualified and highly experienced
engineers in the field of engineering, water management, O&M, flood control and hydrology.
However, there is very little expertise in the field of river and floodplain ecology,
environmental legislation, (ground) water quality management, hydrobiology, fisheries
and environmental management in these organisations. This could negatively affect
the selected engineering solutions and the implementation of the project.
Charged with the planning, implementation and operation of a project of national importance
and taking into consideration the need for future compliance with the Water Framework
Directive (COM 2000/60/EC) and environmental legislation it is strongly recommended
to reinforce the RZGWs and the Amelioration Department in these fields and to enhance
the capabilities and expertise of the exisiting staff (i) through training, (ii) strengthening
of expertise in river and floodplain ecology and (iii) in hydrobiology, fisheries and water
quality management and (iv) environmental management, legislation and environmental
impact assessment. Under the project (component D), expertise of concerned agencies
would be strengthened in the fields mentioned above.
7.3.5 POLLUTION FROM COAL WASTE DUMP
Continued gravel mining in the Raciborz reservoir area could lead to the increased inflow
of polluted groundwater and surface water originating from a neighbouring coal waste dump
South of Bukow, 1.5-2.0 km from the Tworkowski forest. Tailings of this waste dump
have already spread over part of the surface waters in the reservoir area, and this process
will only accelerate by continued gravel excavation. This could cause further deterioration
of the quality of surface and groundwater in the entire reservoir. RZGWGL should request
environmental authorities to monitor the situation and take appropriate action before levels
become toxic for people and animals (fish).
7.3.6 BARRIERS FOR MIGRATING FISH
In the present situation the weir at the Wroclaw I Power Plant forms a major barrier
for migrating fish. The present structure has no fish passage, and also the new design
for reconstruction of the weir does not provide for a fish ladder or comparable structure,
since only reconstruction works are foreseen. Since most migrating fish prefer to use
the South City Odra River because of higher flow velocities in this branch, it would
be strongly advisable to provide a fish passage at this location. Also, the modernization plan
for the Redzin Barrage does not include a proposal for improvement of the existing,
but non-functioning fish ladder. Provision of such fish passes at these sites would certainly
be required in the years to come (within the EU Water Framework) and it is therefore
advisable to include these improvements (modernizations) at the present time.
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CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE EMP
This section presents an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that outlines a programmeof activities to minimize or attenuate potential environmental impacts.
The main objective of the EMP is to:
1) Ensure that negative impacts identified in this EA are effectively eliminated, controlled,mitigated or compensated;
2) Provide guidance to the implementing organisations RZGWWL, RZGWGL, DZMiUW,and their Consultants and Contractors working on the Project, on appropriate measuresto be implemented to ensure that impacts are effectively eliminated, controlled, mitigatedor compensated;
3) Build capacity within the implementing organisations in environmental management;4) Provide training in environmental management to staff involved in construction
and in the operation of the project.
The measures to be implemented in the EMP can be grouped into three categories:1) Measures which can be included in design and construction bid (contract) documents;2) Stand alone mitigation measures;
3) Proactive compensatory measures to preserve and enhance the ecological corridor.
8.2 MITIGATION MEASURES TO BE INCLUDED IN DESIGNAND CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
8.2.1 GENERAL
Most potentially negative impacts of the project identified in this Environmental Assessmentcan be prevented or minimized by including appropriate measures in the detailed design,design specifications and tender documents. During construction, the civil works contractorsshould strictly abide by the Government of Poland's environmental regulationsand by the World Bank environmental procedures. At the same time, it is important to raiseenvironmental sensitivity and awareness of the personnel of contractors and sub-contractorsworking on the project. Under a proper supervisory system, and with appropriatespecifications and conditions for the incorporation of such measures, this should not bedifficult. If these guidelines are properly followed, environmental impacts resultingfrom project implementation would be relatively small. It requires the engineering consultantto incorporate comprehensive environmental protection measures into the contract document.
Contractors must comply with the environmental mitigation measures specified in WorldBank and GOP guidelines. At the same time, it is important to point out that environmentalsensitivity and awareness of sub-contractors and their workers needs to be raised.Under a proper supervisory system, with appropriate specifications and conditionsfor the incorporation of such measures, this should not be difficult.
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8.2.2 EQUIPMENT SITES AND STORAGE AREAS
Mitigation. The contract documents should specifically address the following:
Spillage offuels:Plant and equipment sites, materials stores and temporary accommodation/office facilities
should not be located on land belonging to nature reserves, forests, protected habitats
or habitats with protected species or land that is or will be used for agricultural purposes
again. Floors of temporary workshops should be lined with concrete to avoid infiltration
of spilled oils and fuels into groundwater. Used oil should be collected for recycling
and must not be disposed of on-site, either in pits or otherwise.
Collection and the safe disposal of solid waste:Facilities for collection and safe disposal of solid waste should be provided at work sites
and workshops. All contractors' staff should be under strict instructions that both solid
and liquid wastes must be disposed of into designated facilities. Routine inspections aimed
at assessing the effectiveness of waste management systems should be undertaken
by the contractor's site engineer and the Resident Engineer, reporting to the environmental
units of the executing agency. Proper toilet facilities should be provided at workshops,
accommodations or and at quarries or borrow pits.
Sanitation and solid waste management:The contract documents should include measures requiring the provision of good sanitation
and solid waste management facilities and ensuring that good waste management practices
are enforced. This requires full scale control by the Contractor over his own workforce
and over the operations of his sub-contractors, and needs very clearly stated provisions
to be incorporated in the Contract Documents. Pertinent control measures need to be written
to specified standards, in accordance with World Bank and government regulations.
Monitoring. The contractor's site engineer, the Resident Engineer, the environmental
inspector of the executing agency will need to monitor that agreed standards of waste
management and sanitation are adhered to. This will require routine inspections, which may
be done every week, depending on the duration of the work.
8.2.3 QUARRIES AND BORROW PITS
Mitigation. The Contract Document should specifically address the following:
Removal of vegetation:The clearing of vegetation at these sites should be restricted to the area where actual
excavations will take place.
Restoration of landscape:Any quarries and borrow pits should be restored or rehabilitated to in as far as is possible
to their original conditions. This will require landscaping, covering with topsoil and re-
establishing a grass cover. Pits must be modified so that they are completely free draining,
except in riverbeds where they will be filled up naturally. The Contract Document should
explicitly describe that rehabilitation and restoration work of quarry sites and borrow areas
should be performed in accordance with the environmental mitigation measures of the World
Bank and GOP.
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Old disused embankments:Soil from former disused embankments in protected areas, or areas with valuable habitatsor culture historic objects, should not be excavated and used for construction of newembankments, but left untouched.
Additional sites:In case additional sites are required, the Contractors should obtain written approvalfrom the Resident Engineer (RE) before commencing activities at these sites. The RE mustbe satisfied that any such proposed site is acceptable on environmental grounds, as wellas on material quality grounds before giving approval.
Conflicts among owners and executing agency:Most sites will be in public ownership, and conflicts are therefore unlikely to happen. In casesites are identified on private land holdings, owners have to be adequately compensatedat prevailing market rates. Executing agency and contractors should deal with those whowill be adversely affected in a transparent and fair manner.
Monitoring. The environmental inspector of the executing agency and Resident Engineerwill have to monitor that property owners are compensated for material taken from theirlands, and that agreed rehabilitation processes for quarries and gravel pits have been followedby the contractors. The Contract Document should specify a mechanism whereby adequatefunds for these works are retained until the Engineer and, possibly, the executing agency'sEnvironmental Management Unit approves the restoration works executed by the Contractor.
8.2.4 EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION AND EARTHWORKS
Mitigation. The Contract Document should specifically address the following:Landscaping.Where earthworks have disturbed the landscape, this must be restored, as far as is possibleto its original state, particularly in scenic areas. This may include tree planting, coveringwith topsoil and sowing of grass or semi-natural mixtures. At places where bushes and treeshave been removed, shrubs such as blackthorn Prunus spinosa, hawthorn Crategus spp.or rose Rosa spp. could be planted, but only on the landward side of the embankment.
Old embankments:Soil from former disused embankments in protected areas or areas with valuable habitats,landscapes or culture historic objects should not be excavated and used for constructionof new embankments, but left untouched in situ.
Excavation, transportation of soil and construction material:Excavation, transportation of soil and construction will not take place in designatedNatura 2000 sites, protected areas or any other sites with protected habitats or ecosystemsor near archaeological and culture historic sites and monuments. In any other forestedor natural areas the contractor will try to avoid, minimize or restore damage to soil, vegetationand trees caused by transportation of soil and construction materials to places of construction.
Levelling.Levelling of topsoil in Natura 2000 sites, protected areas or any other areas with protectedhabitats or ecosystems or near archaeological and culture historic sites will not be permitted.
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Removal of vegetation, cutting of bushes andfelling of trees:Removal of vegetation, shrubs and trees is allowed only along the new or former alignment
of embankments. Trees on existing embankments which are endangering the function of flood
prevention of the embankment can be removed, except in the case of monumental
and protected trees. In this case individual solutions will be sought in consultation with the
owner, the conservator of nature and a landscape architect. For felling of trees in Natura 2000
sites or protected sites, permission must be obtained from the nature conservation authority.
Buffer zones:Buffer zones around protected areas and sites must be respected by the Contractor.
Within these areas no vehicles or equipment will be allowed, in order to minimise disturbance
in these sites
Monitoring. A landscape architect working under the responsibility of the environmental
inspector of the executing agency will need to monitor that agreed standards of landscaping
and restoration works are being abided with. The Resident Engineer can only enforce
the contract. In the Design Phase therefore the Consultant must formulate the Contract
Document in such a way that earthworks are carried out in an environmentally acceptable
manner. Monitoring should be carried out thereafter by the RE and Environmental Inspector
of the Executing Agency. This will require routine inspections, which may be done every
week, depending on the duration of works.
8.2.5 DREDGING
Mitigation. The Contract Document should specifically address the following:
Widening and deepening of river channelThe preferred method of widening and deepening of the river channels is by means
of dredging. The excavated silt and sediments, which in some cases may be toxic, especially
near weirs (Redzin) should be deposited on barges and transported and off-loaded in a safe
depot, without risk of polluting soil, surface or groundwater. Measures should be described
to minimize loss of sediment and suspended materials during dredging operations
into the rivers downstream sections. This should include the shutting down of operations
in the event of sudden pressure drops (indicating leakage and potential spillage), and the use
of sediment curtains, where appropriate.
Disposal of sedimentThe location and conditions of a sufficiently large and safe depot for the storage of sediments
resulting from dredging operations, which might be contaminated with heavy metals, organic
compounds and substances, should be described in the design specifications and contract
documents.
Monitoring. The Environmental Inspector of the implementing agency and the Resident
Engineer will have to monitor that the agreed working methods are abided with.
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8.2.6 CONSTRUCTION SITES
Mitigation. The Contract Document should specifically address the following:Disposal of spoil and construction waste.The Contract documents needs to identify sites for safe disposal of spoil and constructionwaste. In the Bill of Quantities a line item is needed for haulage of excess materialto designated spoil areas.
Monitoring. A detailed monitoring programme to be included in conditionsand specifications for each package.
8.2.7 CHANCE FIND PROCEDURES CULTURAL HERITAGE
Mitigation: The Contract Document should include or refer to the Polish procedureas described in the Act of 23rd of July 2003 concerning the relic protection and care for relicsand the regulations of June 2004 for chance finds of archaeological objects and sites.
Chance-find Procedure:1. In the case of a decision to start investment works, it is necessary to notify the appropriate
antiquities protection institution, attaching a detailed localization plan of the investment.2. The antiquities protection institution may - in exceptional cases (for example in the case
of this site being already examined by the institution) - name the archaeological worksperformer. However, it does not mean that the performer has to be acceptedby the investor. The investor has a right to appeal, in order to change the decision.If the archaeological works performer is not appointed or named by the investor,the investor or building works performer designated by the investor, asks the chosenarchaeological works performers for the price. If the cost of the works exceeds e 6 000,the performers are appointed in the course of Public Procurement. The above concernsonly state investors.
3. A chosen archaeological institute examines the area of the future earth works.The antiquities protection institution may oblige the investor to uncover the compactfoundation by removing (for example by bulldozers) the layer of humus, debris, etc.
4a. In the case when an examination of the area does not show the presence of objectsconnected with the archaeological site, the archaeological institution responsiblefor the supervision informs the appropriate conservation centre that the supervised areadoes not contain cultural relics. Following this, the conservation centre issues a permissionto start earth works.
4b. In case the examination of the area shows the presence of an archaeological site or tracesof cultural relics, the supervising institution informs the appropriate conservation centre.The conservation centre postpones any earth works connected with the investmentin the area of the archaeological site and orders to start digging works at the costof the investor. After finishing the works, the appropriate conservation centre issuesthe permission to continue works, based on the information (with proper documentation)from the supervising institution performing the archaeological works. However, theyalso express the need to be notified of any relics found in the course of deeper earth works(up to a few metres), in the deeper geological layers (for example Paleolithic objects).
The described procedure is a standard procedure.
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8.3 STAND ALONE MITIGATION MEASURES
8.3.1 OPTIMIZE RESERVOIR OPERATING RULES TO MITIGATE IMPACTSON NATURAL HABITATS
The negative effects on natural habitats will depend to a large extent upon the way
of operation of the reservoir. Mitigation or damage reduction can be done by taking
into consideration the principle to minimize the retention of relatively small flood waves
with high probability, without increasing eventual flood hazards. In order to minimize
the negative effects on natural habitats RZGWGL has the intention to operate the reservoir
in such a way that only the infrequent flood peaks are stored i.e. those with a relatively low
probability or severe floods. The reservoir capacity is very small (185 million cubic meters)
thus it would not be possible to store total flood volumes for long duration, only reduction
in high peaks would be possible. Natural complexes which depend upon recurrent floods
would not be affected substantially and would benefit if frequent floods (with return period
up to 10 year or possibly more) are passed uncontrolled. The construction of the reservoir
and outlet structure does not impose any constraint in passing such floods undisturbed,
if such flood management regime is adopted. As a result (and as discussed in Chapter 6)
potential impacts on natural habitats inside and down stream of the proposed polder are likely
to be rather small, since they are restricted to peak floods with a return period of more
than 10 years. The impacts caused by lower flood levels of floods with a return period
of more than 10 years are difficult to predict and the only way to assess long-term impacts
is to monitor the hydrology and ecological conditions in the floodplain at sensitive locations.
8.3.2 IMPLEMENT HYDROBIOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND INSTALL MONITORINGNETWORK
In the absence of detailed information on terrain conditions (relief, soils, groundwater,
hydrology) and any historical information on impacts from past floods, it is not possible
to make an accurate assessment of the impacts on natural habitats and to design plans
to mitigate potential risks. Therefore, RZWG will be commissioning two separate
hydrobiological studies to monitor and analyse potential impacts on key natural habitats.
One study is to monitor those habitats inside and in the near vicinity of the proposed Raciborz
dry polder and the other study will monitor those habitats in the floodplain downstream
Raciborz until Brzeg Dolny and particularly focussed on those parts of the PNS Opolska
Dolina Odry, Grady Odrzanskie and Grady w Dolinie Odry and Dolina Widawy
(see Table 6. 1), which might be most affected.
The outline for these two studies is given below:
1) Hydrobiological study on impacts of reservoir management inside the reservoir
and focussed specifically on Tworkowski Forest and other affected natural habitats
in the Raciborz area; (alteration of flooding patterns, alteration of sediment regime, effects
on river and floodplain habitats, i.e. aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and wildlife)
* Detailed baseline inventory of physical conditions: (i) Relief map with absolute elevation
figures, (ii) Geology of alluvial layer (thickness of alluvial layer, soil type, etc.),
(iii) Description of water level regime (minimum water levels - WL, mean WL
and different flood stages before and after reservoir/polder construction);
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* Detailed baseline inventory of natural habitats and biota: (i) Habitats includingrequirements of Habitat Directive, (ii) Aquatic and terrestrial biota (iii) Forest cadastreand management data;
* Installation of a hydrobiological monitoring network and assessment of bio-indicators;
* Monitoring during 6 years;
* Analysis of impacts by future management of polder on vegetation, wildlife and forestry;* Elaboration of improved polder management to avoid negative impacts, scope of negative
impacts which are inevitable, scope of necessary mitigation measures by area and typeof habitat;
* Elaboration of recommendations for improved reservoir operation rules to avoid negativeeffects.
2) Hydrobiological study on impacts of reservoir management downstreamof the reservoir and focussed specifically on affected natural habitats in the Odrafloodplain, including Natura 2000 sites between Raciborz and Brzeg Dolny; (alterationof flooding patterns, alteration of sediment regime, effects on river and floodplain habitats,i.e. aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and wildlife).
* Baseline inventory of physical conditions: (i) Relief map with absolute elevation figures,(ii) Geology of alluvial layer (thickness of alluvial layer, soil type, etc.), (iii) Descriptionof water level regime (minimum water levels - WL, mean WL and different flood stagesbefore and after reservoir/polder construction);
* Baseline inventory of natural habitats and biota: (i) Habitats including requirementsof Habitat Directive, (ii) Aquatic and terrestrial biota (iii) Forest cadastre and managementdata;
* Installation of a hydrobiological monitoring network and assessment of bio-indicators;* Monitoring during 6 years;
* Analysis of expected impacts of the operation of the Raciborz reservoir on vegetation,wildlife and forestry;
* Elaboration of recommendations for improved reservoir operation rules to avoid negativeeffects on areas downstream.
RZWG will be using these study results as one of the key determining factors to regulatedischarges from the polder with a view to maximise the ecological benefits withoutcompromising the safety of people. The cost of the hydrobiological studies includingmonitoring activities (spread over 6 years) is estimated at £ 480 000 and £ 600 000respectively.
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8.4 PROACTIVE COMPENSATORY MEASURES TO PRESERVEAND ENHANCE THE ODRA ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR
8.4.1 CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF COMPENSATION MEASURES
Measures to mitigate or compensate unavoidable impacts on natural habitats and species
affected (inside and downstream of the dry polder), will have to be prepared in comparable
proportions considering the size and the nature of the habitats and species affected. One must
also bear in mind that the objective of Natura 2000 is to form a coherent European ecological
network. This means that it is not enough to develop a site which is of good quality
on its own, but the flora and fauna for which the site is meant should also be able to reach
the new site. Therefore measures under ORFPP will not only be aimed at the protected sites,
but also at the smaller areas that can act as corridors, narrow areas, for example riparian areas
along rivers and streams, and separate patches, so-called "stepping stones" such as ponds
and small woods, which must be located close enough to each other, so that organisms
can use them to migrate from one place to the other. Two types of activities to enhance
the ecological conditions in the impact area and to compensate for possible negative impacts
on natural habitats will be included in the EMP:
8.4.2 MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORBETWEEN CHALUPKI AND RACIBORZ
This is as compensation for potential impacts to the Tworkowski forest and surrounding
natural habitats in accordance with the guidelines for compensation measures for Natura 2000
sites. This component will be implemented by RZGWGL in cooperation with WWF-Poland
and could include the following activities: (i) Strengthening of the Border Meander
Conservation and Re-naturalization project (WWF-Poland), by purchase of 50 ha to increase
the area of this original meander (PNS), (ii) Enhancement of the ecological belt between
Wielikat ponds and Tworkowski Forest, (iii) Preserving and strengthening of the corridor
at the left bank of the Odra between Tworkowski Forest, Psina outlet and Sudol complex,
(iv) alternative water supply for Brzezie ponds/wetland complexes. These measures would
be implemented under Component C5 of the project by RZGWGL in cooperation
with WWF-Poland. Implementation costs are estimated at e 800 000.
8.4.3 MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE ECOLOGICAL CORRIDORBETWEEN RACIBORZ AND BRZEG DOLNY
This component would include a number of measures to mitigate potential impacts on natural
habitats and species in the Odra section downstream of the Raciborz dry polder. Measures
have to be worked out on basis of the findings of the monitoring study and could include
some engineering works to improve hydrological conditions (e.g. by raising groundwater
tables, lowering terrain levels, opening up embankments, creating artificial islands and other
measures to mitigate negative impacts on affected habitats. Other measures could include
the purchase of land to restore natural habitats in order to compensate for losses elsewhere.
A number of measures are proposed for the Odra and Widawa Valley by the Polish Society
of Wildlife Friends "pro Natura" (NGO) and could be included in component C5.
(see Annex D4). Details have to be worked out during preparation of the local EIAs.
One of the other recommended measures is to establish a Nature Education Centre near
Wroclaw, for information and education on floodplain ecology and wetland restoration.
This in view of the limited awareness of the importance of protecting riverine forests
and habitats in Poland. Such a centre could be instrumental in creating environmental
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awareness in floodplain ecology and associated fields among schoolchildren, students,engineers, authorities and general public. Exploitation of such a centre couldbe commissioned to one or more local or national nature conservation NGOs or the Cityof Wroclaw. RZGWWL and DZMiUW supported by nature conservation organizationsand WWF would implement this component. Tentatively a budget has been reservedof E 2.2 million (works to be implemented in 4 Natura sites estimated at e 500 000 per areaand e 200 000 for establishing a Nature Education Centre).
8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
The monitoring programme has a dual purpose. It is designed (i) to monitor the contractor'swork during project implementation in order to check contractual compliance with specifiedmitigation measures, and subsequently (ii) to assess the actual environmental impactsof the project over the years following completion of dry polder and the modernizationprogramme of WFS.
The first type of monitoring will be done by the Engineering consultant and supervisedby the M&E consultants. What is required at this stage is a general outline of a monitoringprogramme, including the design of prompt feedback mechanisms and identificationof adequate lines of communication. Monitoring will be specified during the detailed designstage when the Consultant will produce the contract conditions and specifications for eachpackage. Specific items and issues will then be listed in the contract documents.
The second type of monitoring will be commissioned and carried out by localorganisations/consultants with sufficient experience in hydrological and ecologicalmonitoring (see also Section 8.3.2). Monitoring will be continued for a period of 6 years.Result of monitoring of impacts will have to be reviewed and evaluated from time to timeby the M&E consultants. Findings might be used to revise operation rules of the dry polderand the Widawa transfer channel.
8.6 COST OF EMP
The overall budget requirements, spread over the entire project period (from 2006 to 2011),for EMP implementation and monitoring is about 1% of the total project cost as can be seenbelow:
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Table 8.1 - Summary of cost Environmental Management Plan
Nr Item Funding Cost in t
1 Hydrobiological study upstream Raciborz, including 6 year monitoring Comp C5 480 000
2 Hydrobiological study downstream Raciborz, including 6 year Comp C5 600 000
monitoring
3 Enhancement project upstream Raciborz purchase of land/engineering Comp C5 800 000
works
4 Enhancement project downstream Raciborz, Comp C5 2 200 000
including Nature Education Centre
5 PCU environmental/social specialist (50% EMP) Comp Dl 100 000
6 RZGW teams (3 x 3 persons), allowances (50% EMP) Comp C5 240 000
7 Training RZGWs in environmental management, 6 years x 30 000/yr Comp D2 180 000
8 Individual Consultants to be recruited, 6 years 50 000/yr Comp Dl 300 000
9 Fish passages Wroclaw Power Plant I and Redzin barrage Comp B2 300 000
TOTAL COST 5 200 000
8.7 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATING MEASURES
An overview of impacts and mitigation measures including responsibilities and monitoring
requirements is given at the end of this chapter in Table 8.2.
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Table 8.2 - Overview of environmental impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring activitiesImpacts / issues 1 Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency ofSchedule (Cost in E) Implementation Indicators monitoring1. Odra River Basin Flood Control ProjectVery significant positive effect Desirable outcome 2006-2011 500 million RZGWGL PCU Reduction in During floodson safety level of major of the Project Component RZGWWL ONDR areapopulation centres. Strong A+B+C+D DZMiUW inundated,reduction in risk of damages inundationand losses of private
period andand public property due to flood waterflooding, especially in city levelsof Wroclaw
Raciborz dry polder Dam break analysis 2006-2010 4.5 million RZGWGL IPE EPP and EMP During designDam failure Emergency Preparedness Component RZGWWL Project prepared and & constructionPlan (allur E PP),gencly Prearedness C1 IMGW - OTKZ Engineer implemented stages andFlood wave could reach Warning System SMOK Training of key annual duringRaciborz town (pop. 61 000) WarningderSystemtionwithin 1 hour risking loss Flood Management Plan stakeholdersof life and high damage (FMP) implementedof property Design review by Reservoir
Independent Panel of Experts design(IPE) reviewed byIPE
2. Construction of Raciborz dry polder (Component A)Changes in land use inside Detailed Resettlement Action 2004 - onward 63.3 million RAP M&E Land acquired See RAPthe dry polder and Plan (RAP); for RAP RZGWGL Consultants Personsresettlement of population Component resettledof villages Ligota Tworkowska A2and Nieboczowy
Table 8.Z cont.
Impacts I issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency ofSchedule (Cost in C) Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring
Removal and relocation Create alternative water 2006 - onward Component RZGWGL M&E New water Annuallyof public utilities: supply for 4 000 people A2 Gmina Lubomia consultants supply
- Closure of Tajchow drinking residents in Lubomia; installed
water wells Dismantling, removal of RZGWGL Number of
- Risk of pollution from existing services Relevant sources ofexisting waste, fuel infrastructure and storage Gmina's pollutionand chemical depots facilities removedand storage tanks
Risk of damage to sensitive No traffic and activities in 2006 - onward Component Construction M&E Contractors Permanent
natural complexes due to sensitive areas (no-go area) Al + A3 Supervision consultant violating by supervising
construction activities: Create buffer zones of 100- consultant, procedure consultant
- Tworkowski forest 200 m wide around these Contractors andQuarterly
- Sudol oxbow complex complexes sub-contractors by M&E
- Fringes of Wielikat ponds No earth movement and consultant
- Meadows E of Nieboczowy borrow pits- Brzezie ponds & meadows- Tributaries of Odra
Risk of damage to physical Inventory of known Inventory and Component RAP M&E Status of Permanent
cultural properties archaeological and cultural Plan: 2005 A3 consultants known by supervisingsites/objects archeological consultant
Update plan for earth moving Engineering sites Quarterlyand borrow areas ~~~~~~~~consultantsQurel
and borrow areas Number by M&E
Removal/relocation of historic of objects consultantmonuments /places of RZGWGL removedworship 2006 - onward COA' secured
Chance-find procedures to be Engineering Complianceincluded in tender documents consultants with chance-
&Contractor procedures
COA: Conservator of Antiquities of voivod
Table 8.2, cont.
Impacts / issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency ofSchedule (Cost in fl Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring
Potential damage to Reduce damage to forest 2006 - onward Component RZGW / IMGW IPE Operational HydrologyTworkowski alluvial forest by optimizing reservoir C1 & stakeholders rules prepared monthly(PNS) due to operation operations & implemented or as requiredof the reservoir Hydrobiological inventory 2006-2007 Baseline Consultants M&E Surface &(baseline study in first year) study & recruited from consultants ground water Ecologyand installation observation Monitoring Universities, levels bi-annuallynetwork 480 000 NGOs Water qualityMonitoring during 6 years 2006 - onward Forest Dept Bio-indicatorsEvaluation during year 3 supported by CNS' Bcidctrand year 6 ecologists Forest Mngt
Plan approvedPrepare Forest ManagementPlan
Reduction of flood levels Optimization of reservoir 2006 - onward Component RZGW / IMGW IPE Operational Permanentand area inundated, decrease operations Ci & stakeholders rules preparedof gwt2 in flood prone areas Hydrobiological inventory 2006 - onward Study & Consultants M&E anddownstream of Raciborz (baseline study) in sensitive monitoring recruited from consultants, implemented Hydrologyand up to Brzeg Dolny may areas, installation 600 000 Universities, Surface & monthlylead to degeneration of flood- of observation network Component NGOs ground water or as requiredsensitive natural habitats and monitoring C5 levelsand wetlands, including areas and evaluation of results Water quality Ecologybelonging to 4 PNSWaeqult EcogUpdating operational rules 2011 Component RZGW / IMGW IPE, MOE Bio-indicators bi-annually
C1 & stakeholdersMitigation/compensatory Componentmeasures (see next point) C5
'CNS: Conservator of Nature in Slaskie2 gwt: groundwater tables
Table 8.2, cont.
Impacts / issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency ofSchedule (Cost in E) Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring
Interruption of the river Prepare and implement Planning: 2006 Component RZGW M&E Plan prepared Permanent
continuum and blocking main a plan for enhancement Implementation: C5 Forest Dept consultant and approvedinternational ecological of bio-corridor of the Upper 2007 - onward 2 200 000 supported by CNS Plancorridor along Odra floodplain Odra in order to compensate + 800 000 ecologists implementedCutting off minor ecological for negative impacts recruited fromcorridors along the Odra of changed flood regime Universitiestributaries by the polder on natural forests and NGOsand reducing the migration wetland habitatsof biota and biodiversity
Drowning of wildlife and small Construct a number 2006 - onward Component RZGWGL M&E number Annuallyanimals during operation of artificial refuge hills Al Design consultants of refuge hills
or ridges in reservoir consultants constructed
3. Construction of Wroclaw Floodway System (Component B)
Removal, compensation Apply principles of Involuntary 2007 - onward Component RAP M&E Number Bi-annually
or relocation of homestead Resettlement: OP/BP 4.12 B3 RZGWWL consultants of properties
gardens and recreation Implement local ElAs when DZMiUW compensatedcentre in Widawa Valley detailed design is completed or removed
Removal of homesteadgardens in Kozanow
Removal of illegal landfilland illegal commercialor residential structuresin Widawa valley
Table 8.2, cont
Impacts / issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency ofSchedule (Cost in e) Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoringRisk of damage to sites Inventory of known 2005 Components Archaeologist M&E Status of Permanentand objects of cultural archaeological sites B1, B2, B3 RZGWWL consultants known sites duringheritage due to earth-moving Update plan for borrow areas DZMiUW constructionand dredging operationsduring construction Supervision by qualified Engineering CwA Complianceexpert & Supervising with chance-
Chance-find procedures in 2006 - onward consultant findtender documents Contractor proceduresRisk of damage to historic Reconstruction plans to be 2005 - onward Component RZGWWL CMW Status of Permanenthydraulic structures (bridges prepared in compliance with 82 Engineering known sites duringand sluices) of the old designs and criteria of CMW' Consultants constructionprotection system and the of city of Wroclawretaining walls of boulevards Supervision and inspection Contractor M&Ein Wroclaw by restoration experts. Qualified expert consultantsPotential damage to SPA Include mitigation measures 2005 - onward Components RZGWWL M&E Contractors Permanent"Grady Odrzanskie", PNS in detailed design and B1, 83 DZMiUW consultant violating during"Grady w Dolinie Odry" & contract documents including: Engineering procedure construction"Dolina Widawy" and other - avoiding damage to SPA consultantvaluable habitats due to (re) & PNS through re-alignmentconstruction of embankments of dikes or applicationupstream of Wroclaw (Work of special constructionsNo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 20, - limiting tree removal40, 45) and around the - creating buffer zonesoutflow of Widawa river (Work around sensitive areasNo 12, 19, 27, 42, 44) - no removal of soil
and vegetation from olddisused dikes in PNSand other valuable areas
- implement local ElAs
CMW: Conservator of Monuments in City of Wroclaw
Table 8.2, cont
Impacts I issues Mitigation measures Implementation Budget Responsibility Monitoring Frequency ofSchedule (Cost in E) Implementation Supervision Indicators monitoring
Risk of damage to terrestrial Application of environmental 2005 - onward Component RZGWWL M&E Contractors Permanent
and aquatic habitats due friendly engineering solutions B3 DZMiUW consultants violating during
to dredging operations in in sensitive areas & Engineering procedure dredging
Odra & Widawa valley (PNS) Detailed measures consultant operations
will influence fish fauna and to be described in detailedbank vegetation. design & contract documents
A number of small landscape Existing inventory of 2005 - onward Components RZGWWL M&E Contractors Permanent
elements with natural monumental trees in Wroclaw B1, B2, B3 DZMiUW consultants violating during
or cultural historic value, to be expanded to small & Engineering procedure construction
such as dike breach scours, landscape elements in WFS consultanthistoric embankments, small Follow existing proceduresoxbows or wetlands, river to protect monumental treesdunes, riparian trees, rows Include measures to protectof monumental other small landscapeor characteristic lawns could elements in detailed designbe affected or lost in entire & contract documentsWFS area If protection is not feasible,
include compensatorylandscaping measures
4. Recommended additional measures (other non-project related issues) -
Suspected pollution Monitor the (ground) water soonest RZGWGL in MOE pH of surface Monthly
of groundwater with heavy quality in reservoir on heavy cooperation with & groundwater
metals from Bukow coal metals (pH) and take Environmental near coal
dump appropriate action Dept of Slaskie dump and inWielikat Ponds
Insufficient coordination in Improve the legal and spatial 2005 - onward RZGWWL MOEflood control, spatial planning and technical integration DZMiUW and& infrastructural works (WFS) of projects other agencies
Fish migration hindered at Construct new fish passage 2007 - onward Component RZGWWL M&E Fish passages
Wroclaw Hydroelectric Plant at power plant B2 Engineering consultants designed and
No 1 and at Redzin barrage Improve/renew existing fish E 300 000 consultant operational
ladder at Redzin
Chapter 9 * INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
CHAPTER 9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
9.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE EMP
The proposed institutional structure to implement the EMP is shown in Figure 9.1.The PCU will have the overall project coordination and management on a day to day basis.The PCU would consist of a project director, a deputy director, an environmental/socialspecialist and a technical specialist, in addition to a procurement specialist, a financialmanagement specialist, an accountant and support staff. The Technical specialistwill be responsible for the engineering aspects of the project and will be supportedby the design and supervising consultants and the M&E consultants. The Environmental& Social specialist will be responsible on a full-time basis for the implementation of RAPand the EMP.
I ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~PCUl
DeptDirector l
Environm nental 8 ............... eTechnilSocial Specialist RZGWGL Specilist
RAP-EMP 3 staff EMP-RAP Components A& ETechnical staff
RtZGWWL3 staff EMP-RAP
I F Technical staff I FM&E Consultant DZMiUW Design Consultant
l" 3 staff EMP-RAPExternal expertise Technical staff Supervising Consultant
Project
Figure 9.1 - Institutional structure for implementation EMP-RAP
9.2 PROFILE DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTAUSOCIAL SPECIALIST (PCU)
Responsibility
The environmental and social specialist of the PCU is responsible for the implementationof EMP and RAP. In this task he/she will be supported by the M&E Consultants,the Supervising engineering Consultant and external international and local experts.The environmental specialist will work closely together with the Technical specialist of PCU.Both specialists report directly to the Deputy Director of PCU.
103
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
Task description
* Manage and coordinate the implementation of EMP and RAP according to the agreed
standards required under Polish legislation and World Bank policies in order to minimize
social and environmental impacts of the project;
* Liaise and coordinate with the technical specialist of PCU responsible for implementation
of the engineering components of the project in order to get full compliance
with the planned mitigation and compensation measures of the investors (RZGWGL,
RZGWWL, DZMiUW), the supervising consultants and (sub)contractors, charged
with the implementation of the ORFPP;
* Select and train staff of RZGWGL, RZGWWL and DZMiUW in order to build capacity
in environmental and social affairs and promote a more integrated approach to water
management and flood control within these organisations.
Qualifications
* Education: M.Sc. in environmental, social sciences or land & water management;
* Experience: Preferably at least 5 years experience in management of integrated projects
involving a large social, institutional or environmental component;
* Experience or interest in change management and innovative approaches on floodplain
ecology, hydrology, environmental engineering, land use affairs or resettlement issues;
* Good communication and negotiation skills with proven experience in public participation
and social issues;
* Familiar with Polish environmental legislation;
* Age: preferably between 35 and 45 years
9.3 EMP/RAP TEAMS
Within RZGWGL, RZGWWL and DZMiUW the Environmental & Social specialist
will work together with a small team of 3 engineers within each of these organisations.
These engineers belong to the regular staff of these organisations, but next to their normal
duties they will be working on the implementation of RAP or EMP on a part-time basis.
They will receive special training under the project to perform these tasks. The teams
will be recruited from the regular staff of these organisations on basis of a special recruitment
procedure focussed on staff members shown interest in managing environmental
and resettlement issues. In consultation with the organisations adequate incentives
will be worked out in order to facilitate their career development. Selection criteria could
be as follows:
* Water management engineers interested in integrated approach of projects;
* Capable of working in small teams receiving special training;
* Motivated to initiate change processes;
* Social attitude (interested in public participation, active in public meetings etc);
* Good communication skills.
104
Chapter 9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS
9.4 PROFILE DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTALUSOCIAL ENGINEERSRZGW/DZMIUW
Responsibility
The environmental or social engineers within RZGWs or DZMiUW are responsiblefor the implementation of the social and environmental tasks described in the EMP or RAPwithin their respective organisations. They will assist and participate in activities aimedat building capacity in management of environmental and social affairs within the ORFPP.In this task they will be supported by the PCU, the M&E Consultants and externalinternational and local experts. They will report to their superiors in the own organisationas well as to the PCU environmental and social specialist.
Task description
* Supervise on behalf of the PCU the implementation of EMP or RAP activities,which are under the competence of their organization;
* Coordinate and assist in the input of external experts and M&E consultants in mattersconcerning the implementation of EMP or RAP;
* Assist in implementing all other activities to reduce or minimise of adverse socialor environmental impacts of the ORFPP;
* Assist in organizing and participate in training activities in environmental managementand resettlement affairs.
Qualifications
* Education: Preferably M.Sc. in environmental sciences, environmental engineering, watermanagement;
* Interested in working in environmental and social components of integrated projects;* Some experience in environmental management including some practice in social issues
(e.g. public consultations or negotiations);
* Age: preferably not older than 35;
* Professional skills: background in hydrology, water management and some knowledgeof EIA procedures, floodplain ecology, public consultations, or social affairs.
9.5 M&E CONSULTANTS
The M& E consultants will support the Environmental & Social Specialist in implementingthe EMP and will provide technical assistance and training to the various parties involvedin the implementation of the project: the water authorities (investors), the consultantsinvolved in supervision of the implementation, and the contractors and sub-contractorsinvolved in the implementation of the project. The M&E consultants will work underthe responsibility of the PCU and will be based in Wroclaw. The main task of the M&Econsultants in respect of the EMP and RAP are the following:
* To guide and supervise the EMP and RAP activities to ensure that socialand environmental impacts are effectively eliminated, controlled or mitigated;
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
* To guide and supervise local consultants and organisations recruited to implementbaseline inventories and monitoring work and the ecological enhancement project;
* To build capacity within the implementing organizations in environmental management
and managing resettlement issues;
* To provide training in environmental management to staff involved in construction
and in the operation of the project.
9.6 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING.
Capacity building will be aimed at strengthening the RZGWWL, RZGWGL and DZMiUW
organizations in the field of integrated floodplain management and environmentalmanagement. Training in environmental management will be focussed on the implementing
agencies, but should not be restricted to these organizations. Project staff involved
in construction and operation of the project should also be trained. Various types of training
should be given, for various target groups and always tailored to the specific needs. Training
will deal with - among other things - nature friendly design and construction methodologies,
which are widely applied and accepted in Germany, France, the U.K. and the Netherlands.
106
Chapter 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE
CHAPTER 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE
10.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS DURING PROJECT PREPARATION
Polish law requires an elaborate procedure for public consultation and disclosure of any worksand construction. This procedure was initiated in a systematic way at the Gmina level throughannouncements and public hearings during 2002 as part of the preparation of feasibilitystudies, even though the project had already been under consideration for a long timeand the local population was aware of such plans. The consultations were undertakenon all project issues such as design, environmental impacts and social impacts of variousproject components. However, since resettlement was the major impact inside the Raciborzreservoir, whereas all people benefiting from flood protection were locatedon the downstream side, separate discussion and consultations were held with the peopleto be resettled during preparation of RAP.
10.2 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE SCOPING STAGE OF THE EA
During the preparation of the EA study there were two stages of consultations: (i) duringthe scoping stage of the study and (ii) during presentation of the findings. During the scopingstage it was decided not to organize a separate public meeting on environmental issues,in view of earlier public meetings on resettlement. In stead of this the EA team had individualmeetings with the various stakeholders, including, the Lubomia Gmina, the ArchaeologicalConservator in Wodzislaw Slaski, the Archaeological Department University of Wroclaw,the Forestry Department in Rudy Raciborskie, WWF Poland, WWF Auen Institute of Rastatt,Germany and various individual experts in nature conservation, geology, soils, ecology,fisheries, and forestry. In December 2004 the EA team attended a resettlement workshopin Raciborz discussing findings of RAP. On January 25th, 2005 the team had a brain stormingmeeting with representatives of WWF on ecological impacts (see Annex DI). Preliminaryfindings and recommendations of the EA were discussed with representatives of RZGWGL,RZGWWL and DZMiUW on March 10 and April 28, 2005.
10.3 CONSULTATIONS DURING THE PRESENTATION OF FINDINGSOF THE EA
After approval of the draft EA version PCU distributed about 40 printed copies of the EAto local authorities and relevant stakeholders in the project. The draft EA was also publishedon the websites of RZGWGL, RZGWWL, DZMiUW on June 15th for a period of 4 weeks.Advertisements in local newspapers in Wroclaw and Raciborz were published with invitationsto the public to participate in two public consultation meetings: (i) a Public Consultationmeeting organized by RZGWWL, DZMiUW in Wroclaw on 30 June 2005 discussingthe impacts of WFS; in this meeting which was held in the Agricultural University 52 personsattended, mainly representing nature conservation organizations and the scientific community.Local authorities and press were not represented. Discussion mainly focused on legal issues,absence of adequate spatial plans and ecological concerns regarding natural habitatsin the Odra and Widawa valley; (ii) a second Public consultation meeting organizedby RZGWGL on July 1, 2005 in the Art Hall in Raciborz, discussing the impactsof the Raciborz dry polder. This meeting was attended by 51 persons, including 7 journalists,a large group of farmers with land in the dry polder, some representatives of the DefenseCommittee and a few NGOs. The discussions in this meeting focused on the social impacts
107
Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
of the project, but also environmental concerns were raised. A summary of the Publicconsultation meetings is given in Annex D2 and D3 of this Report.
A number of letters were received from regional and local authorities, NGOs and a miningcompany. The issues raised and feedback received was very useful in the preparationof this Report. A number of valuable suggestions were included in the EA (see also Annex Dfor further details). Further elaboration of the suggestions and ideas will be needed, during
detailed design and preparation of local EIAs which will be prepared for several projectcomponents of ORFPP.
10.4 FINAL DISCLOSURE OF APPROVED EA
The final text of the EA Summary will be disclosed on the websites of RZGWGL, RZGWWLand DZMiUW. After approval by the Ministry of Environment the Main EA Reportwill be published on the website of this Ministry.
LIST OF REFERENCES
LIST OF REFERENCES
1) Badura, J. and B. Przybylski, Morphologic and age correlation of terraces of main riversin Lower Silesia, National Institute of Geology, Warsaw, 2000.
2) CIDA-WARR, Programme for the Oder 2006, Pre-feasibility Study, prepared by RocheConsultants, September 2001.
3) Czajka-Kaczka, A. The rate of sedimentation on regulated river floodplains: the UpperVistula and the Upper Odra River, Southern Poland, Ph.D. thesis, University of Silesia,2004.
4) Dolnoslaskie Voivoidship 2004, Subregions, Powiats and Gmina's, Statistical officeWroclaw, 2004.
5) Dworak, T. and W. Hansen, The European flood approach, International ConferenceTowards natural flood reduction strategies, Warsaw, September 2003.
6) FAO, Gateway to land and water information: Poland national report, Rome, 2001.
7) Gediga, B., Fortified settlements of the Lusatian peoples in Wroclaw-Osobowice,Wroclaw, 1976.
8) Gelderse Poort, Land der lebendigen Fliisse, Die Auenlandschaft de Gelderse Poort,Deutsch-Niederlandisches Landschaftsentwickelungsproject, 2002.
9) Glowacinski, Z. (ed.), Red list of threatened animals in Poland, Krakow, 2002.
10) Glowacinski, Z. and J. Nowacki (eds.), Red book of threatened animals in Poland -Invertebrates, Krakow, 2002.
11) Hilton-Taylor, C. (ed.), Red list of threatened species, IUCN, 2000.
12) Hoffmann W, Die vorgeschichtlichen Funde von Breslau-Oswitz und RansernKr. Breslau, Altschlesien, vol 10, p. 7-25, 1941.
13) IKSO, Common strategy for flood control, Wroclaw, 2002.
14) Kacki, Z. (ed.), Endangered vascular plants of Lower Silesia, Wroclaw, 2003.15) Kazmierczakowa, R. and K. Zarzycki (eds.), Red book of vascular plants in Poland,
Krakow, 2001.
16) Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa, A., Neolithic settlement in SW Poland, Wroclaw, 1993.17) Matuszkiewicz, W. The guide for the designation of plant communities in Poland,
Warszawa, 2001.
18) Mlynarska-Kaletynowa, M., Wroclaw in the 12 h-13th century. Social and economicalchanges, Wroclaw, 1986.
19) Nowak, A. and K. Spalek (eds.), Red book of vascular plants in Opolskie voivodship,Opole, 2003.
20) Official Journal of the European Union, page 894-897, 23 September 2003.21) Panstwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Geological Map of Poland, scale 1:200 000, Warschau,
1994.
22) Regional Water Management Authority Wroclaw, Feasibility Study for the RaciborzFlood Reservoir on the River Odra, Main Report and Technical Annexes, October 2003,Jacobs, in cooperation with Hydroproject, Hydroproject-Wroclaw and JacobsGibb.
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Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project - Environmental Assessment
23) Regional Water Management Authority Wroclaw, Feasibility Study for the RaciborzFlood Reservoir on the River Odra, Modernization of Wroclaw Water System, FinalReport and Technical Annexes, February 2004, Jacobs, in cooperation with Hydroproject,Hydroproject-Wroclaw and JacobsGibb.
24) Sarnowska, W., Unietic culture in Poland,v. II, Wroclaw, 1975.
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26) Witkowski,A. Blachuta, J., Kotusz, J. and J. Kusznierz, Lampreys and fishes of the Upperand Mid Odra Basin, Silesia, SW Poland, The present situation, Acta Hydrobiol, 42 (3/4)
p. 283-303, 2000.
27) Wojciechowski, W., Neolithic deposits from Gajkow, Wroclaw voivodship, SilesiaAntiqua, vol. 38: p. 7-19, 1996.
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30) Zaleski, J and J. Winter, Strategy of Modernization of Oder River Water System.Programme for the Oder 2006, Scientific Publisher PWN, Warsaw-Wroclaw 2000.
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Krakow, 1992.
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110
ANNEXES
ANNEX A
LISTS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA
Al. List of plants available in the project area
A2. List of invertebrates available in the project area
A3. List of amphibians available in the project area
A4. List of reptiles available in the project area
A5. List of birds available in the project area
A6. List of mammals available in the project area
A7. List of fish fauna available in the project area
ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA
A1-6. List of plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals available in project area
0 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0C_ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~C o0 0 0 wULp. Takson Name (english) m B 0 c E
(D 0 __ E..
Al. PLANTS
1 Ophioglossum vulgatum Adders-tongue S (a) VU/NT + _2 Salvinia natans floating watermoss I S V VU + + +3 Matteucia struthiopteris ostrich fern S VU ?4 Hacquetia epipactis hacquetia S EN +5 Angelica archangelica garden angelica S + + +6 Viola stagnina fen violet S (a) V VU ? +7 Centaurium erythraea common centaury S + +8 Gentiana pneumonanthe marsh gentian S (a) V VU +9 Dianthus superbus large pink S (a) V VU/EN ? ?10 Nymphea candida S NU ? +11 Trollius europaeus globeflower S (a) VU/CR ?12 Hepatica nobilis liverleaf S +13 Batrachium trichophyllum thread-leaved water-crowfoot S +14 Trapa natans water chestnut S (a!!!) V/CR ENNU + + +15 Elatine triandra three-stamened waterwort S NU VU ? +16 Utricularia vulgaris greater bladderwort S + +17 Rosa gallica red rose S (a) VNU VU + +18 Daphne mezereum mezereon S + ? +19 Digitalis grandiflora yellow foxglove S + +20 Lindemia procumbens IV S (!!!) /CR VU/CR ? ?21 Galanthus nivalis snowdrop V S NT + + +22 Leucoium vemum spring snowflake S NT + +?23 Iris sibirica siberian iris S (a) V VU/RE + +24 Gladiolus imbricatus gladiolus S (a) VU +25 Scilla bifolia alpine squill S CR +
ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
> C (A 0 (o L.o e c 0 ' 0
Lp. Takson Name (english) o n wm m E I m Y Yj Y. 6.0D 0 (U ..J
26 Lilium martagon martagon lily S LC +
27 Muscari comosum tassel hyacinth S (a) R/CR CR/RE +
28 Omithogalum umbellatum garden star-of-bethlehem S LC +? +?
29 Colchicum autumnale meadow saffron S (a) LC + +
30 Cephalanthera damasonium white helleborine S R VU +
31 Neottia nidus-avis bird's-nest orchid S VU +
32 Epipactis helleborine broad-leaved helleborine S + + +
33 Epipactis albensis S NU DD/EN + +
34 Epipactis purpurata violet helleborine S R VU + + +
35 Dactylorhiza majalis broad-leaved marsh orchid S (a) NT + +
36 Dactylorhiza maculata western marsh-orchid S (a) V VU +? +?
37 Listera ovata common twayblade S +
38 Platanthera bifolia lesser butterfly-orchid S LC +
39 Hedera helix (common) ivy P + + +
40 Menyanthes trifoliata bogbean P vu +
41 Nuphar lutea yellow water-lily P + + +
42 Nymphea alba white water-lily P LC + +
43 Asarum europaeum asarabacca P +
44 Galium odoratum woodruff P +
45 Primula elatior oxlip P +46 Vibumum opulus guelder-rose P + + +
47 Ribes nigrum black currant P + +
48 Frangula alnus alder buckthorn P + +
49 Vinca minor lesser periwinkle P + + +
50 Helichrysum arenarium helichrysum P + +
51 Allium ursinum ramsons P + +
52 Convallaria majalis lily-of-the-valley P + +
ANNEXA LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECTAREA, cont.
Lp. Takson Name (english) m a L. E Dz
A2. INVERTEBRATES
1 Cerambyx cerdo cerambyx longicorn _ 11 IV S (a) VU VU + +2 Osmodemrna eremita hermit beetle 11 II* IV S (a !!!) VU VU + +3 Eriogaster catax 1111 IV S EN +4 Maculinea teleius scarce large blue 11 11 IV S (a) (LR)NT LC +5 Maculinea nausithous dusky large blue 11 11 IV S (a) (LR)NT LC + +6 Argiope bruennichi S + + +7 Helix pomatia III V +
A3. AMPHIBIANS
1 Triturus vulgaris smooth newt _ S (a) + + +2 Tnturus cristatus great crested newt 11 11 IV S (a) + +3 Pelobates fuscus common spadefoot 11 IV S (a) + +4 Bombina bombina fire-bellied toad 11 11 IV S (a) DD (E) + + +5 Bufo bufo common toad IlIl S (a) + + +6 Bufo calamita matterjack toad 11 IV S (a) ? +7 Bufo viridis green toad 11 IV S (a) (R) + + +8 Hyla arborea common tree frog 11 IV S (a) NT + + +9 Rana lessonae pool frog Il IV S (a) + + +10 Rana esculenta edible frog IlIl V S (a) + + +11 Rana ridibubda marsh frog IlIl V S (a) (R) + + +12 Rana temporaria common frog IlIl V S (a) + + +13 Rana arvalis moor frog _ _ IV S (a) (R) + + +
ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
0 0 4 ***SD
Lp. Takson Name (english) u) c '
0) 0 !- (U_
A4. REPTILES
1 Lacerta agilis sand lizard _1 IV S + + +
2 Lacerta vivipara common lizard IlIl S + + +
3 Anguis fragilis slow worm IlIl S (R) + + +
4 Natrix natrix grass snake IlIl S (R) + + +
5 Vipera berus adder IlIl S + ? ?
6 Emys orbicularis european pond turtle _ 11 IV S (a !!!) (LR)NT EN + ?
A5. BIRDS
1 Podiceps cristatus great crested grebe S + + +
2 Podiceps grisegena red-necked grebe IlIl S ? + +
3 Podiceps nigricollis black-necked grebe IlIl S ? + +
4 Tachybaptus ruficolus little grebe IlIl S + + +
5 Phalacrocorax carbo cormorant Ill P ? +? +
6 Botaurus stellaris bittern III 2 I S LC ? + +
7 Ixobrychus minutus little bittern 11 2 I S (a) VU + + +
8 Nycticorax nycticorax night heron 11 I S (a !!!) Z LC ? ? ?
9 Ardea cinerea grey heron IlIl P, H ? + +
10 Egretta alba great white egret IlIl I S ? ?
11 Ciconia nigra black stork 11 I S (a T!!) Z ? +? +
12 Ciconia ciconia white stork 1I S (a) + + +
13 Cygnus olor mute swan Il 11/2 S + + +
14 Anser anser greylag goose Il 11/1 111/2 H ? ? +
15 Anasacuta pintail III 11/1 111/2 S(a) EN ? +? +?
16 Anas clypeata shoveler III 11/1 111/2 S (a) ? + +
17 Anas querquedula garganey IlIl Il/1 S (a) + + +
18 Anas strepera gadwall IlIl Il/1 S + + +
19 Anas crecca teal III 11/1 111/2 H ? + +
20 Anas platyrhynchos mallard III 11/1 111/1 H + + +
21 Aythya ferina pochard III 11/1 111/2 H NT + + +
22 Aythya nyroca ferruginous duck III 2 . S (VU) EN I_ I_?_I + +
ANNEXA * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECTAREA, cont.
0 0~~~~~~~
Lp. Takson Name (english) o c D
I m m a .I_
23 Aythya fuligula tufted duck iII Il/ 111/2 H + + +24 Bucephala clangula goldeneye III 11/2 S (a) +? +25 Mergus merganser goosander III 11/2 S (a) + +26 Netta rufina red-crested pochard III 2 S LC ? + +27 Pemis apivorus honney buzzard 11 I S + +28 Milvus migrans black kite 11 2 2 I S (!!!) Z NT + +29 Milvus milvus red kite 11 2 2 I S (!!!) Z NT + +30 Haliaeetus albicilla white-tailed eagle 11 1 I S (!!!) Z NT LC + + +31 Circus aeruginosus marsh harrier 11 I S (a) + + +32 Circus pygargus Montagu's harrier 11 S (a) ? ?33 Accipter gentilis goshawk 11 S ? + +34 Accipter nisus sparrowhawk 11 S + +35 Buteo buteo buzzard 11 S + + +36 Aquila pomafina lesser spotted eagle 11 2 I S (!!!) Z LC +37 Falco subbuteo hobby 11 S (a) ? + +38 Falco tinnunculus kestrel 11 S (a) + + +39 Perdix perdix partridge III 1I/1 11I/1 H + + +40 Coturnix cotumix quail III 2 11/2 S DD + + +41 Phasianus colchicus phaesant Il 11/1 Ill/1 H + + +42 Grus grus crane 1I S (a) + +43 Fulica atra coot IlIl I/1 111/2 H + + +44 Gallinula chloropus moorhen III 11/2 S + +? +?45 Porzana porzana spotted crake 11 2 I S (a) DD ? + +46 Porzana parva little crake 11 2 I S NT ? ? +47 Crex crex corn crake 11 I S (a) NT DD + + +48 Rallus aquaticus water rail III 11/2 S + + +49 Charadfius dubius little ringed plover 11 S + ? +50 Charadrius hiaticula ringed plover 11 2 S (a) VU ? ?51 Vanellus vanellus lapwing III 11/2 S (a) + + +52 Actitis hypoleucos common sandpiper IlIl S ? ? +?53 Scolopax rusticola woodcock III 2 11/1 111/2 H DD +? +
ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont.
_> >O (0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~C 0 0 (
Lp. Takson Name (english) o u
0 0o CU .- n w a. I E
54 Gallinago gallinago snipe Ill Il/ 111/2 S (a) ? + +55 Limosa limosa black-tailed godwit III 11/2 S (a) ? + +56 Tringa totanus redshank ll S ? + +57 Tringa ochropus green sandpiper 11 S (a) ? +58 Larus canus common gull Il 11/2 S + ? +59 Larus ndibundus black-headed gull III 11/2 S + + +60 Stema hirundo common tern 11 I S (a) + ?61 Columba oenas stock dove Il 11/2 S ? + +62 Columba palumbus wood pigeon Il/1 Ill/1 H + + +63 Streptopelia decaocto collared dove III 11/2 S + + +
64 Streptopelia turtur turtle dove Il 11/2 S DD (R) + + +65 Cuculus canorus cuckoo ll S + + +
66 Athene noctua little owl 11 S (a) ? ? ?67 Glaucidium passennum pygmy owl 11 2 i S (a) NT ? ? ?68 Strix aluco tawny owl 11 S + + +
69 Tyto alba barn owl 11 S (a) ? ? ?70 Asio otus long-eared owl 11 S + + +
71 Aegolius funereus Tengmalm's owl 11 2 1 S (a) LC ?72 Capnmulgus europaeus nightjar 1 S ? +73 Apus apus swift ll S + + +?74 Alcedo atthis kingfisher 11 S (a) + + +
75 Upupa epops hoopoe 1 S (a) DD ? +? +76 Dendrocopos leucotos white-backed woodpecker 11 I S (a) NT ?77 Dendrocopos major great spotted woodpecker 11 S + + +78 Dendrocopos medius middle spotted woodpecker 11 I S (a) + + +79 Dendrocopos minor lesser spotted woodpecker 11 S + + +80 Dendrocopos syriacus syrian woodpecker 11 S ? ?81 Dryocopus martius black woodpecker 11 S (a) ? + +82 Jynx torquilla wryneck il S + + +
83 Picus canus grey-headed woodpecker 11 S (a) + + +
84 Picus viridis green woodpecker 1 S (a) ? + +
85 Alauda arvensis skylark II 11/2 S + + +
ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont.
,. 0
0) (Lp. Takson Name (english) 0 a 2 i
c o o B a Z.
86 Galerida cristata crested lark IS DD ? + +87 Lullula arborea woodlark liI S ? +? +88 Delichon urbica house martin 11 S + + +89 Hinundo rustica swallow 11 S + + +90 Riparia riparia sand martin 11 S + + +91 Anthus campestris tawny pipit 11 S + + +92 Anthus pratensis meadow pipit 11 S ? + +93 Anthus trivialis tree pipit 11 S + + +94 Motacilla alba white wagtail 11 S + + +95 Motacilla cinerea grey wagtail 11 S ?96 Motacilla flava yellow wagtail 11 S + + +97 Troglodytes troglodytes wren 11 S + + +98 Prunella modularis dunnock S + ? +?99 Erithacus rubecula robin 11 S + + +
100 Luscinia luscinia thrush nightingale 11 S + +101 Luscinia megarhynchos nightingale 11 S + + +102 Luscinia svecica bluethroat 11 S NT ? + +103 Oenanthe oenanthe wheatear 11 S ? + +104 Phoenicurus ochruros black redstart 11 S + + +105 Phoenicurus phoenicurus redstart 11 S ? + +106 Saxicola rubetra whinchat 11 S (R) + + +107 Saxicola torquata stonechat il S + + +108 Turdus iliacus redwing III 11/2 S 7 7109 Turdus merula blackbird III 11/2 S + + +110 Turdus philomelos song thrush III 11/2 S + + +111 Turdus pilaris fieldfare IlIl S + + +112 Turdus viscivorus mistle thrush III 11/2 S ? ? ?113 Acrocephalus anundinaceus great reed warbler 11 S + + +114 Acrocephalus palustris marsh warbler 11 S + + +115 Acrocephalus schoenobaenus sedge warbler 11 S + + +116 Acrocephalus scirpaceus reed warbler li S + + +
ANNEX A LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
> U) U)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) (0 0
Lp. Takson Name (english) 0 o =00 E El
117 Hippolais icterina icterine warbler S + + +
118 Locustella fluviatilis river warbler 11 S + + +
119 Locustella Iuscinioides Savi's warbler 11 S + + +
120 Locustella naevia grasshoper warbler 11 S + + +
121 Muscicapa striata spotted flycatcher 11 S ? + +
122 Phylloscopus collybita chiffchaff 11 S + + +
123 Phylloscopus sibilatrix wood warbler 11 S + + +
124 Phylloscopus trochilus willow warbler 11 S + + +
125 Regulus ignicapillus firecrest 11 S + + +
126 Regulus regulus goldcreast 11 S + + +
127 Sylvia atricapilla blackcap 11 S + + +
128 Sylvia borin garden warbler 11 S + + +
129 Sylvia communis whitethroat 11 S + + +
130 Sylvia curnuca lesser whitethroat 11 S + + +
131 Sylvia nisona barred warbler 1 S ? + +
132 Filcedula albicollis collared flycatcher 1 S + + +
133 Filcedula hypoleuca pied flycatcher 11 S ? + +
134 Filcedula parva red-breasted flycatcher 1 S +? +
135 Panurus biarmicus bearded tit 11 S LC ? ? ?
136 Aegithalos caudatus long-tailed tit ll S + + +
137 Parus ater coal tit 11 S ? +
138 Parus caeruleus blue tit 11 S + + +
139 Parus cristatus crested tit 11 S ? + +
140 Parus major great tit 11 S + + +
141 Parus montanus willow tit 11 S ? + +
142 Parus palustris marsh tit 11 S + + +
143 Sitta europaea nuthatch 11 S + + +
144 Certhia brachydactyla short-toed treecreeper 11 S + + +
145 Certhia familiaris treecreeper 11 S + + +
146 Remiz pendulinus penduline tit ll S + + +
147 Oriolus oriolus golden oriole 11 S + + +
148 Lanius collurio red-backed shrike 11 _ I S + + +
ANNEXA -LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECTAREA, cont
Lp. Takson Name (english) o'
. m m a. I IE
149 Lanius excubitor great grey shrike 11 S + + +150 Corvus corax raven 1 P + + +151 Corvus comix hooded crow 11/2 P + + +152 Corvus frugilegus rook 11/2 P ? + +153 Corvus monedula jackdaw 11/2 S ? + +154 Garrulus glandarius jay 11/2 S + + +155 Pica pica magpie 11/2 P + + +156 Stumus vulgaris starling 11/2 S + + +157 Passer domesticus house sparrow S + + +158 Passer montanus tree sparrow 111 S + + +159 Carduelis cannabina linnet II S + + +160 Carduelis carduelis goldfinch 11 S + + +161 Carduelis chloris greenfinch 11 S + + +162 Carpodacus erythrinus scarlet rosefinch 11 S + + +163 Coccothraustes coccothraustes hawfinch 11 S + + +164 Fringilla coelebs chaffinch 111 S + + +165 Pyrrhula pyrrhula bullfinch 111 S ? + +166 Serinus serinus serin 11 S + + +167 Emberizia calandra corn bunting 111 S (R) + + +168 Emberizia citrinella yellowhammer 11 S + + +169 Emberizia hortulana ortolan bunting 1 I S (R) + + +170 Embezia schoeniculus reed bunting _ S + + +
ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
> W (U)o o 0 @ Lp. Takson Name (english) t0 c m n
c o F Ew0 _jEm m I m) I 0. Q 0.
A6. MAMMALS
1 Erinaceus europaeus western european hedgehog III S (a) + + +2 Erinaceus concolor eastern european hedgehog S (a) + +?3 Sorex araneus eurasian shrew Il S + + +
4 Sorex minutus eurasian pigmy shrew III S (R) + + +
5 Neomys fodiens eurasian water shrew IlIl S + + +
6 Crocidura suaveolens lesser shrew ll S + + +
7 Talpa europaea european mole P + + +
8 Myotis daubentonii Daubenton's bat 11 IV S + +9 Myotis dasycneme pond bat 11 2 11 IV S (a !!!) VU EN +10 Myotis nattereri Natterer's bat 11 IV S + +11 Myotis mystacinus/brandtii whiskered / Brandt's bat 11 IV S + +12 Myotis myotis mouse-eared bat 11 11 IV S (LR)NT +13 Pipistrellus pipstrellus common pipistrella IlIl IV S + +14 Pipistrellus pygmaeus soprano pipistrella 11 IV S +15 Pipistrellus nathusii Nathusius's pipistrella 11 IV S + +16 Nyctalus noctula noctule 11 IV S + +17 Nyctalus leisleri Leisler's noctule 11 2 IV S (LR)NT VU +18 Eptesicus serotinus serotina 11 IV S + +19 Plecotus auritus brown big-eared bat 11 IV S + +20 Plecotus austriacus gray big-eared bat 11 IV S +
21 Barbastella barbastellus western barbastelle 11 2 11 IV S VU DD +22 Sciurus vulgaris red squirrel IlIl S NT (V) +23 Glis glis fat dormouse IlIl S (a) (LR)NT NT + +?24 Muscardinus avenallarius hazel dormouse IlIl IV S (a) (LR)NT (R) +25 Mustela erminea ermine IlIl S +26 Mustela nivalis least weasel IlIl S + +27 Lutra lutra common otter 11 11 IV P NT + +
28 Castor fiber eurasian beaver IlIl i V P NT + +
29 Micromys minutus harvest mouse P (LR)NT (R) +30 Arvicola terrestris european water vole P +31 Apodemus sylvaticus long-tailed field mouse P +
ANNEXA -LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECTAREA, cont.
0 0 L Lp. Takson Name (english) L) L)LU to _(U .J E
32 Cervus elaphus elk 111 H +33 Capreolus capreolus western roe deer 111 H +34 Sus scrofa wild boar H +35 Vulpes vulpes red fox H +36 Meles meles eurasian badger 111 H + + +37 Mustela putorius european polecat 111 V H +38 Martes martes european pine marten III V H +39 Martes foina beech marten 111 H + + +40 Ondatra zibethica muskrat H +41 Lepus europaeus european hare 111 H +
Explanations(signes in columns):
i. Bern Convention: I - Annex I (strictly protected flora species)11 - Annex 11 (strictly protected fauna species)III -Annex Ill (protected fauna species)
ii. Bonn Convention: I - Annex I11-Annex 11
iii. CITES: I - Annex I11-Annex 11
iv. Bird directive 7914091EEC: I - Annex I (bird species of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special protection areas - SPA)I1/1 - Annex I1/111/2 - Annex 11/2111/1 -Annex 111/1111/2 - Annex 111/2
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ANNEX A * LIST OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE PROJECT AREA, cont
v. Habitat directive 92143/EEC: II - Annex II (animal and plant species of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areasof conservation - SAC)
IV - Annex IV (animal and plant species of community interest in need of strict protection)V - Annex V (animal and plant species of community interest whose taking in the wild and exploitation may be subject
to management measures)*- priority species
vi. Polish status of protection: S - strictly protected taxa and: (a) - active protection methods required;(!!!) - priority of protection over any other form of management
P - partly protected taxaH - species protected by hunting/game law (intermittent protection)Z - protected buffer zone arround species localities
vii. classification based on IUCN Red List categories (mainly on ver. 3.1. from 2000) where particular symbols depicting differences in extiction risk:sources (in accordance):IRL (international red list) - on line IUCN red list database: www.redlist.orgPRL (Polish red lists) - List of threatened plants in Poland 1992; Polish red data book of plants 2001; Red list of threatened animals in Poland 2002RRL (regional red lists) - Endangered vascular plants of Lower Silesia 2003; Opolskie voivodship's red data book of plants 2002;
Red list of vascular plants of upper Silesia 1996categories (in brackets "old" one):RE - regionally extinctCR - critically endangeredEN (E) - endangeredVU (V) - vulnerableNT - near threatened (also used LR - lower risk)LC - least concern (also used LR - lower risk)DD - data deficientLR - lower risk NT + LC (wider category from ver. 3.0.)(R) - rare
viii. localities of listed taxa in three sections: Racib Res - Raciborz reservoir; WWS - Wroclaw Water System; Imp. Area - the impact area between Raciborz and Olawa+ - occurence? - probably occurence
A7. List of fish fauna available in project area
Latin name Polish name English name RL I RG I HG MGNATIVE SPECIES
1 Petromyzon marinus minog morski Sea lamprey CE LITH RH LAC2 Eudontomyzon mariae minog ukrainski Ukrainian lamprey EN LITH RH POT3 Lampetra fluviatilis minog rzeczny River lamprey EN LITH RH LAC4 Lampetra planeri minog strumieniowy Brook lamprey NT LITH RH POT5 Acipenser sturio jesiotr zachodni Sturgeon EX LITH RH LAC6 Anguilla anguilla wegorz Eel CD EUR LAC7 Alosa alosa aloza Allis shad EN RH LAC8 Alosa fallax parposz Twaite shad CE RH LAC9 Barbus barbus brzana Barbel EN LITH RH POT10 Carassius carassius karas Crucian carp LC PHYT LI11 Gobio gobio kielb Gudgeon LC PSAM RH12 Romanogobio albipinnatus kielb bialopletwy Whitefin gudgeon NT LITH RH13 Tinca tinca lin Tench LC PHYT LI14 Rhodeus amarus rozanka Bitterling NT OSTR LI15 Abramis brama leszcz Bream LC PHLI EUR POT16 Abramis bjoerkna krap White bream LC PHLI EUR17 Abramis ballerus rozpior Blue bream LC LITH RH18 Vimba vimba certa Zahrte (Vimba) CE LITH RH POT19 Rutilus rutilus ploc Roach LC PHLI EUR20 Scardinius erythrophthalmus wzdrega Rudd LC PHYT LI21 Chondrostoma nasus swinka Nase EN LITH RH POT22 Aspius aspius bolen Asp LC LITH EUR POT23 Leucaspius delineatus slonecznica Sunbleak LC PHYT LI24 Eupallasiella perenurus strzebla blotna Lake minnow CE PHYT LI25 Phoxinus phoxinus strzebla potokowa Minnow LC LITH RH26 Leuciscus leuciscus jelec Dace LC LITH RH27 Leuciscus cephalus klen Chub LC LITH RH POT28 Leuciscus idus jaz Ide LC PHLI RH POT29 Pelecus cultratus ciosa Ziege CE EUR POT30 Albumus albumus ukleja Bleak LC PHLI EUR31 Albumoides bipunctatus piekielnica Spirlin, Schneider CE LITH RH32 Cobitis taenia koza Spined loach LC PHYT EUR33 Cobitis elongatoides koza dunajska DD34 Sabanejevia aurata koza ziotawa Golden loach CE35 Misgumus fossilis piskorz Weatherfish NT PHYT LI36 Barbatula barbatulus sliz Stone loach LC LITH RH37 Silurus glanis sum Wels NT PHYT EUR38 Esox lucius szczupak Pike LC PHYT EUR39 Osmerus eperlanus stynka Smelt VU EUR40 Coregonus albula sielawa Vendace VU LITH LI41 Coregonus lavaretus sieja Whitefish EN LITH EUR POT
Latin name Polish name English name RL RG HG MG
42 Thymallus thymallus lipien Grayling VU LITH RH POT
43 Salmo salar losos Atlantic salmon CD LITH RH LAC
44 Salmo trutta trutta troc wedrowna Trout CD LITH RH LAC
45 Salmo trutta lacustris troc jeziorowa Lake trout CE LITH
46 Salmo trutta fario pstrag potokowy Brown trout LC LITH RH
47 Lota Iota mietus Burbot VU LITH EUR POT
48 Pungitius pungitius cierniczek Ninespined stickleback LC PHYT LI
49 Gasterosteus aculeatus ciernik stickleback LC PHYT EUR
50 Cottus gobio glowacz bialopletwy Bullhead VU LITH RH
51 Cottus poecilopus glowacz pregopletwy Alpine bullhead VU LITH RH
52 Perca fluviatilis okon Perch LC PHLI EUR
53 Gymnocephalus cemuus jazgarz Ruffe LC PHLI EUR
54 Sander lucioperca sandacz Pikeperch LC PHYT EUR
EXOTIC SPECIES
1 Cyprinus carpio karp Carp Y
2 Carassius auratus karas srebrzysty Goldfish Y PHYT LI
3 Ctenopharyngodon idella amur Grass carp Y EUR
4 Pseudorasbora parva czebaczek amurski Stone moroco Y LI
5 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix tolpyga biala Silver carp Y LI
6 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis tolpyga pstra Bighead carp Y LI
7 Ictalurus nebulosus sumik karlowaty Y
8 Clarias geriepinus sum afrykanski Y
9 Umbra krameri mulawka dunajska European mudminnow Y PHYT LI
10 Umbra pygmea mulawka wschodnio- Eastern mudminnow Y LIamerykanska
11 Coregonus peled peluga Northern whitefish Y LITH LI POT
12 Coregonus muksun muksun Y
13 Thmallus baicalensis lipien bajkalski Baical black grayling Y LITH
14 Hucho hucho glowacica Danube salmon Y LITH RH POT
15 Salvelinus fontinalis pstrag zrodlany Brook char Y LITH RH
16 Oncorhynchus mykiss pstrag teczowy Rainbow trout Y LITH RH POT
17 Microptenus salmoides bass wielkogeby Large-mouth bass Y PHYT
18 Lepomis gibbosus bass sloneczny Pumpkinseed Y LI
19 Oreochromis niloticus tilapia nilowa Nile tilapia Y
Explanation:RL - Polish Red list:
EX - extinct; CE - Critically endangered; EN - endangered; VU - vulnerable;CD - conservation dependent; NT - near threatened; LC - least concern; DD - data deficient; Y - alien.
RG - Reproductive guild:LITH - lythophils; OSTR - ostracophils; PHLI - phytolithophils; PHYT - phytophils; PSAM - psammophils.
HG - Habitat guild:EUR - euryokous; LI - lithophilous; RH - rheophilious.
MG - type of migration:LAC - long-distance migrators, anadromous; POT - potadromous
ANNEX B
IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINEECOSYSTEMS IN THE UPPER AND MIDDLE ODRA RIVER
I
ii
i
I
ANNEX B* IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS
Details of potentially affected sites by the construction and operation of the Raciborz reservoir
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals RemarksI bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir
1. Meander Odry / ca. 25 / L+r ca. 170 ha S-P; o OChK; not sufficient No impact InternationalBoundary (habitats level of protection ecological corridorMeander of Odra code: 3150, Potential Natura of upper Odra -river 3270) site (SAC) 19m ECONET PL
"GranicznyMeander Odry"(PLH 240013)165.6 ha
2. Wielikat / ca. 35 I R ca. 700 ha W ZPK Wielikat No direct impact, Monitoring of water InternationalWielikat Ponds (636.96 ha); but during quality (verifying ecological corridor
not sufficient level construction phase of the possible of upper Odra -of protection possibility of minor influence of coal 19m ECONET PLPotential Natura damages waste deposit sitesite (SPA) "Stawy (the vicinity in Bukow);Wielikat i Ligota of the lateral Water outflowTworkowska" embankment) system from(PLB 240004) Possibilities Wielikat pondsca. 972.5 ha of reverting/damage should be studiedIBA PL121 of water outflow and thoroughly(Important Bird system of Wielikat designedArea) ponds by creation
of the barrier (lateralembankment)
ANNEX B -IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals RemarksI bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir
3. Las Tworkowski c ca. 35 L ca. 170 ha F-U; G-C, W Not protected! Risk of damage Creation of buffer InternationalTworkowski (habitats Potential Natura during construction zone during ecological corridorForest code: 91 FO) site (SAC) "Las kolo During Operation construction; of upper Odra -
Tworkowa" of Raciborz Ecological and 19m ECONET PL125.9 ha reservoir: hydrological Largest surviving
Flooding by floods monitoring; remnants of partlywith return period Improvement active alluvial forestmore than 8-10 ovemem between Ostravayears foofrwatersystem and Kedzierzyn-yearsfor priods within forestKoeof 8-14 days, complexKziedependingof reservoirmanagement
4. Starorzecza w ca. 40-45 I L ca. 150 ha S-P; c; o, W. Not protected! Risk of damage Creation of buffer InternationalSudole / Oxbows 0 during construction zone during ecological corridorin Sudol Flooding by floods construction of upper Odra -
with return period Conversion I 9m ECONET PLmore than 8-10 of arable fields into Largest oxbow lakeyears for periods meadows, complex in Upperof 8-14 days, especially along Odra valleydepending the Odra channelof reservoir and present Psinamanagement outlet;
Improvement andstrengtheningof ecologicalconnection with LasTworkowski
Ecological____ ____ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ ___ ____ ___ m o n ito ring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ANNEX B * IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont.
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks/ bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir5. Laki na E od ca. 40 km / R ca. 20-30 ha m Not protected! Partly within Protection of the International
Nieboczowa Raciborz reservoir remnants of the wet ecological corridor(Nieboczowych) / and beneath meadows along of Upper Odra -Meadows E of the lateral dike the ailway road 19m ECONET PLNieboczowa Risk of damage (below and over it) The total area(Nieboczowych) during construction Avoiding possible of meadows
damages (ground diminished in lastexcavation for years, but there aredikes; building still some remnantsof the main dam in small valleysand left lateral dike) along the railway
road6. Stawy w Brzeziu ca. 45/ R ca. 50 ha F-A; m; W; 0 Not protected! Inundation Creation of buffer InternationalI Brzezie Ponds Trapa natans probability reduced; zone around ponds ecological corridorand Meadows Situated just behind against of Upper Odra -around them th andmencroachment 1 9m ECONET PL
of Raciborz of reservoirreservoir.:investments
possibility (building of theof damage during main dam);the construction Ecologicalof the main dam. and hydrological
Supply by natural monitoringstreams will be of ground waterblocked by the level and qualityreservoir
ANNEX B * IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks/ bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir
7. Lezczok / ca. 55-60 I R ca. 600 ha G-C; F-A, m, Nature reserve No direct impact International
Lezczok Ponds W, O LP "Cysterskie ecological corridor
Trapa natans Kompozycje of Upper Odra -Krajobrazowe Rud ~~~~19m ECONET PL
(habitats Wielkich" Outside the active
code: 3130; Wekc"flood plainMisgurnus Potential Naturafossilis) site (SAC) "Stawy
Lt,zczok"(PLH 240010)583.1 ha
8. Leg w Starym ca. 85-90 I R ca. 50 ha F-A Not protected! Impact is that Detailed study International
Kozlu / Riverine LP "Cysterskie probability of local water ecological corridor
Forest in Stare Kompozycje of flooding resources and their of Upper Odra -
Kozle Krajobrazowe Rud is reduced almost management 19m ECONET PL
Wielkich" to zero Ecological Small but importantand hydrological remnant ofmonitoring deciduous swampyof ground water forest betweenlevel Kedzierzyn-Kozle
and KuzniaRaciborska
ANNEX B * IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks/ bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir9. Leg ca. 100-110 I ca. 800 ha S-P; F-U; G- OChK; not sufficient Impact is that Detailed study InternationalZdzeszowicki / L C; m; o; W; 0 level of protection probability of local water ecological corridorZdzieszowicki Upstream part of of flooding resources and their of Upper Odra -Riverine Forest the potential Natura is strongly reduced management 19m ECONET PL
sites (SAC) Improvement of Largest remnant"Opolska Dolina water system within of riverine forestOdry" forest complex complexes in the(PLH 240013) (ditches etc.) Upper Odra Valley3 739.7 ha Ecological and between Opole
hydrological and Polish-Czechmonitoring of borderground water level
Verification of theStradunia polderconceptdownstream of LegZdzieszowickiforests (accordinglyto OAA floodedarea reduced abouthalf)
10. Dolina Odry ca. 100-110 / ca. 1 000- S-P; F-U; G- Not protected! Minor changes in Ecological Internationalpomiqdzy Zuzela L+R 1 500 ha C; o; W; 0 Downstream part of flood regime and hydrological ecological corridora Rogowem Potential Natura predicted monitoring of upper Odra -Opolskim I Odra site (SAC) "Opolska of ground water 19m ECONET PLvalley between Dolina Odry" (PLH levelZuzela and 240013) 3 739.7 haRogow Opolski
ANNEX B - IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks/ bank area habitat types protectioniproposal Raciborz reservoir
11. Dolina Odry ca. 162-182 / ca. 2 500 ha S-P; F-U; G- Upper part of Minor changes in Ecological International core
pomie,dzy L+R C; o; W; 0 Natura sites (SPA) flood regime and hydrological area of middle Odra
Zelazna a "Grady Odrzanskie" predicted monitoring - 19M ECONET PL
ujsciem Nysy (PLB 020003) (drying of small of ground water
Klodzkiej / Odra 20 461.3 ha forest area) level
valley between IBA PL090 Improvement of
Zelazna and (Important Bird water system within
Nysa Klodzka Area) forest complex
confluence (ditches etc.)
12. Dolina Odry ca. 182-197 / ca. 2 500 ha S-P; F-U; G- Upper part of Minor changes in Ecological International core
pomiedzy L+R C; c; o; W; 0; Natura site (SPA) flood regime and hydrological area of middle Odra
ujsciem Nysy Trapa natans "Grady Odrzanskie" predicted monitoring - 19M ECONET PL
Klodzkiej a (PLB 020003) (drying of some of ground waterBrzegiem (habitats 20 461.3 ha small meadows and level
Opolskim / Odra code: 3150, IBA PLO90 wetlands area Improvement
valley between 3270, (Important Bird around Stobrawa of water system
Nysa Klodzka 6440,91 FO; Area) confluence) within forestconfluence and Gobio (ditches etc.)
Brzeg Opoiski I ~~~~~~~Uppermost part of (ice t.alCerambyxa potential Natura site
Ceramby (SAC) "Grady w
ceauidoe, dolinie Odry"nausithous, M . tele ius) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ANNEX B IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont.
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks/ bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir13. Dolina Odry ca. 200-222 I ca. 5000 ha S-P; F-U; G- Not sufficient level Inundated area will Ecological International corepomie,dzy I+R C; m; c; o; W; of protection be reduced and hydrological area of Middle OdraBrzegiem 0 especially monitoring - 19M ECONET PLOpolskim a (habitats Middle section of in the Olawa-Lipki of ground water
Olawa / Odra code: 3150 Natura Site (SPA) polder levelvalley between 3270, "Grady Odrzanskie" ImprovementBrzeg Opolski 6440,91 F, (PLB 020003) of water systemand Olawa 20 461.3 ha within forest
Gobiointu, IBA PLO90 complex -Cerambyx (Important Bird restoration of waterCeramby Area) system (ditchesMaculinea Nature Reserves etc.)nausithous, "GrodziskoM. teleius) Ryczynskie"
1.75 ha;"Kanigora" 4.36 ha;"Zwierzyniec"8.96 ha;
UE "LakaZimowitowa"
Uppermost part ofPotential Naturasites (SAC) "Gradyw dolinie Odry"8 026,9 ha
ProposedLP "Dolina Odry II"
ANNEX B - IMPACTS OF THE RACIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont.
No Name Location (km) Estimated Dominant Legal status of Impact of the Mitigation proposals Remarks/ bank area habitat types protection/proposal Raciborz reservoir
14 Dolina Odry ca. 222-250 c ca. 8 000 ha S-P; F-U; Downstream Minor changes Ecological International core
pomie,dzy Olawa L+R G-C; m; c; o; section of Natura in flood regime and hydrological area of Middle Odra
a Wroclawiem/ W; 0 site (SPA) "Grady predicted monitoring - 19M ECONET PL
Odra valley (habitats Odrzanskie" of ground water
between Olawa code: 3150 (PLB 020003) level
and Wroclaw 3270, 20 461.3 ha Improvement
6440,91 F0; IBA PLO90 of water system
Gobio (Important Bird within forestalbipinnatus, Area) complex -Cerambyx Uppermost part restoration of water
cerdo, of potential Natura system (ditchesMaculinea site (SAC) "Grady etc.)nausithous, w dolinie Odry"M. teleius) 8 026.9 ha
Proposed LP____________ "Dolina Odry II?"
15 Widawa valley L+R 909 Habitats Potential Natura Minor changes in Ecological International core
near outlet to code: site (SAC) "Dolina flood regime and hydrological area of Middle Odra
Odra Valley 3150, 6440, Widawy" predicted monitoring - 19M ECONET PL
9170, 91F0 of ground water Large complex offorests and wet
Improvement of meadows in thewater system within Widawa and Odraforest complex - valleysrestoration of watersystem (ditches
_____________________________________________________________ ~~~~etc.)
ANNEX B -IMPA CTS OF THE RA CIBORZ RESERVOIR ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEMS, cont.
Symbols in columns:Location (km) I bank:
L, I = left; R, r = right; CAPITAL letter for dominant side;Dominant habitat types:
- Forest: S-P = Salici-Populetum; F-U = Ficario-Ulmetum (Ulmenion minoris); G-C = Galio-Carpinetum; F-A = Fraxino-Alnetum & Ribeso-Alnetum- Meadows: m = Molinion; c = Cnidion; o =other flood meadows- Wetlands with reeds and sedges vegetation: W- Oxbows / ponds with hydrophytes: 0The most important habitats are underlined
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ANNEX C
PROJECT WORKS IN MODERNIZATION OF WFS
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ANNEX C -LIST OF WORKS IN MODERNIZATION OF WFS
Project works in modernization of WFS
Nr Work1 Improvement of Kotowice-Siedlce embankment2 Heightening of left side Olawka polder embankment3 Improvement of Blizanowice-Trestno embankment4 Improvement of Opatowice embankment5 Heightening of Now Dom embankment6 Heightening and improvements to the Janowice embankment7 Construction of new Jeszkowice embankment8 Improvement of Kamieniec Wroclawski-Wojnow embankment9 Improvement of the Zacisze-Zalesie embankment
10 Improvement of the Rozanka embankment11 Reconstruction of the Redzin embankment12 Reconstruction of the Lesica embankment13 Improvement of the Szczepin embankment14 Construction of the new Kozanow embankment1 5 Improvement of the Kozanow embankment16 Improvement of the Maslice embankment1 7 Heightening of the Pracze Odrzanskie embankment18 Construction of new embankment and improvement to existing one at Janowek WWTP19 Removal of the Paniowice polder embankment20 Completion of the Siechnice-Groblice embankment21 Construction of a new boulevard along City Channel22 Repairs to boulevards within Downtown Water System23 Protection of Popowice harbour24 Increasing of City Channel capacity25 Increasing of Flood Channel capacity26 Increasing of Old Odra capacity along City Channel27 Increasing of Odra river bed capacity downstream of old Odra to Widawa river confluence28 Increasing of Flood Channel capacity under Swojczycki bridge (Chrobrego)29 Increasing of Flood Channel capacity under Jagiellonski bridge capacity including sill
construction30 Increasing of capacity under Warszawski road bridge31 Increasing of capacity under Warszawski railway bridge32 Increasing of capacity under Trzebnicki bridge33 Increasing of capacity under Osobowicki bridge34 Increasing of capacity under Poznanskie railway bridges35 Modernization of the existing Flood Gate36 Modernization of the City Navigation lock, incl. reconstr. of gates for high water discharge37 Development of Rozanka barrage38 Reconstruction of permanent sill at Wroclaw I Power Plant39 Improvement of hydraulic conditions at Redzin barrage40 Flap gated weir 3 x 20m opening41 New spans of road and railway bridge over Odra-Widawa Channel42 New spans of road bridge over Widawa valley43 Increasing of capacity under the bridge over Old Widawy in Psary44 Construction of new embankments in Widawa valley45 Heightening and widening of the embankments in Widawa valley46 Removal of the embankments in Widawa valley
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ANNEX D
PUBLIC CONSUTLATION
Dl. Summary of meeting WWF and EA team on January 26TH, 2005
D2. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meetingin Wroclaw on June 3 0 TH, 2005
D3. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meetingin Raciborz on July 1 ST, 2005
D4. Letter received from PTPP "pro Natura"
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ANNEXD* PUBLIC CONSULTATION
Dl. Meeting WWF and EA team on January 26th 2005, Wroclaw
Present:
Mr Georg Rast - Hydrologist WWF GermanyMr Piotr Nieznanski - WWF Poland Odra ProjectDr Marek Krukowski - EA teamMr Reitse Koopmans - EA team
Objective: Scoping session, what are problems and possible suggestions to be includedin EA-ORFPP?
General recommendations WWF:
* Key issue: - Let small floods happen!* Influence on Upper Odra (Meander) - reduction of retention not taking into account
in hydro model for Racib6rz;* New embankments in Opole woi. not taken into consideration;* Dry reservoir is recommended - but strengthening of ecological corridor needed;* Operational rules in the reservoir have to be changed to reduce impact on forest habitats
inside and downstream of reservoir;* Detailed study recommended - depth of flooding in riparian forest;* Detailed inventory (soils, relief, hydrology, ecology) needed.
Las Tworkowski
* Study on potential impacts of flow velocity inside reservoir needed;* Possible training of the forest (manage artificial flooding);* Potential compensation measures.
Lezczok lakes and ponds
* Flood protection plans (1998) not taken into account;* What is the influence of Racib6rz dry Polder on the tributary river Plinc river
and Legon river?
Others
* Recommended dike opening south from Kozle (km 87) close to Brzezce;* Flood protection system should be discussed in IKSO.
Leg Zdzieszowicki
* Potential ecological impacts - due to lowering of flood level and frequency;* Calculation for 5 years water needed.
Concrete proposals for mitigation/compensation of impacts ORFPP, short-term:* Study on effects of Raciborz reservoir management on hydrological effects downstream
of the reservoir (alteration of flooding patterns, alteration of sediment regime, effectson river and floodplain habitats, i.e. aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and wildlife);
* Elaboration of recommendations for improved reservoir operation rules to avoid negativeeffects;
ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
* Study on effects of reservoir management on hydrological effects in the reservoir(alteration of flooding patterns, alteration of sediment regime, effects on river
and floodplain habitats, i.e. aquatic and terrestrial biotopes and wildlife);
* Elaboration of recommendations for improved reservoir operation rules to avoid negative
effects;* Special interest is to be put on N2000-site "Las Tworkowski"
(see note of EU on consideration of shadow list for N2000 sites);
* Integration of requirements and description of improved reservoir operation rules
for minimizing negative effects for both sections (downstream of and withinthe reservoir), e.g. minimizing flood wave alteration for minor floodswhich are elementary for functioning floodplain ecosystems downstream, i.e. no retention
for floods less than 10 % probability or, even better, minimizing retention of flood waves
with no risk for flood defence system downstream based on advanced flood forecasting
and warning;* Description of negative effects which are not avoidable.
As these studies require active involvement of governmental water administration a review
by independent experts is strongly recommended.
According to Water Framework Directive - WFD (COM 2000/60/EC), the reservoir must
provide passage facilities to secure river continuum processes, i.e. fish passage and flowing
conditions in Odra riverbed upstream the barrage.
ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
D2. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting on June 30 th, 2005, 11.00 hrs,at the Agricultural University of Wroclaw
Issue/Question Raised by whom Answer/Covered by EA
On EIA procedure:There is inconformity between overall EA (World Bank) P. Nieznanski This EA is prepared on basis of designs in feasibility studyand EIA procedures described in Polish law. - WWF Poland and some updates; local ElAs of sub-components will be needed
WWF Poland' upon completion of final designs.Public consultation process is divided in discussion J. Engel The selected solution is a compromise between wishes of 3 investorsabout two separate components (A & B), - WWF Poland and various requests of different parties and local communities.which functionally cannot be separated.Misleading information on participants of consultations K. Smolnicki Will be corrected in final version EA.during feasibility study in Annex EA. - Lower Silesian
Ecological FoundationA Strategic Impact Assessment for the whole ORFPP J. Engel Out of scope for this meeting.project would be needed. - WWF Poland
Comment received in letter
ANNEXD- PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
On Project concepts (WFS):
Other methods and solutions for the flood protection P. Nieznanski Have been investigated during feasibility studies, but out of scopeof Odra valley. - WWF Poland in this meeting.
Was the final choice of option IV based on EIA J. Engel No, but environmental and social considerations played an important role.
procedures of the initial four options considered - WWF Polandin feasibility study.
What are the selection criteria used in selecting the final J. Engel Technical, social and environmental considerations mentionedoption of ORFPP. - WWF Poland in feasibility study. Details are out of scope for this meeting.
Relation between ORFPP and previous project to install R. Gawlik Out of EA scope. Will be updated in SMOK (Component C2).full digital flood forecasting system, predicting and - Eko-Unia Associationmodelling of floods on the Odra and Wisla River basins.
The need for the evaluation of flood protection effects R. Gawlik Out of scope for this meeting.of SMOK and other projects promoted by World Bank. - Eko-Unia Association
Could modernisation of WFS prevent the flood losses J. Engel Yes, provided Raziborz dry polder could be completed soonest,comparable to this from 1997. - WWF Poland since flood risks for Wroclaw have increased after modernization
WWF Poland' of embankments in Kedzierzyn-Kozle and Opole.
What is the influence of the weirs and barrages W. Jankowski Out of scope for this meeting. The issue has been studied in detailand other hydraulic structures on the flood water passage - Pro Natura during feasibility study.through WFS.
Why was impact of projected Kamieniec Zabkowicki A. Dubicki EA is restricted to options studied in feasibility studies.reservoir on the reduction of flood peak in WFS - IMGW Warsawnot included in EA.
' Comment received in letter
ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont
On design:Possibility to obtain additional benefits for natural A. Adamski Interesting and valuable comment, which has to be worked outenvironment by optimizing designs widening - Pro Natura during preparation of local ElAs.Odra Channel between Redzin and Widawa outlet Pro Natura1 See attached letter Pro Natura(task no 27) and modernization Olawka polder(task no 8).
The absence of co-ordination of embankments' A. Adamski The road infrastructure is not coordinated with design preparedmodernisation with the plans of new bypass road - Pro Natura for ORFPP (component B - WFS).Bielany-Lany-Dlugoleka. Pro Natural See attached letter Pro NaturaOn agricultural land use:Purchase of land as compensation measure W. Jankowski Land to be purchased should have potential for development of naturaland promoting of pastures and haylands - Pro Natura habitats; EA recommends no arable cropping in unprotected partsas a replacement of arable fields on flood plain areas. of the floodplain.On impacts on natural habitats and biota:The basis of the EA should be detailed field inventories J. Engel There were several field visits on the area of WFS and Raciborzof species. - WWF Poland reservoir. The detailed list of protected biota is included into Main Report.There is a need for inventories of natural habitats P. Nieznanski The need for detailed inventories was described in EA. Detailed ElAsin the area covered by the ORFPP (WFS component). - WWF Poland are prepared on basis of detailed field surveys for two works (No 1 & 3)
VvWF Poland' of which final designs recently have been completed.The impact of enlargement (deepening and widening) W. Jankowski Could only be covered by EA in general terms, since designsof Odra riverbed on protected species. - Pro Natura were not ready. Assessment of detailed impacts during local EIA.
Comments received by letter
ANNEXD PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont
On Natura 2000 sItes:
EA does not include the comparative analysis J. Engel EA was prepared for the option IV which was selected during feasibility
for all considered variants of ORFPP - WWF Poland study on basis of technical, social and environmental criteria
(accordingly to article 6 of Habitat Directive). by engineering consultant (2004).
No detailed description and quantification of impacts J. Engel Impossible because of lack of data.
on Natura 2000 sites (area, habitats, species) in order - WWF Poland This will be subject of detailed hydro-biological surveys and installation
to maintain adequate protection level as required of monitoring networks in those parts of Natura 2000 sites influencedby Nature Conservation Law. by the ORFPP (from Raciborz down to Brzeg Dolny).
Detailed mitigation and compensation measures P. Nieznanski Local ElAs will be prepared upon completion of final designs of WFS.
could be based only after the preparation of the detailed - WWF Poland The need for detailed inventories is described in EA. Some proposals
EIA for Natura 2000 sites. presented in EA are based on the knowledge and experienceof consultants.
Impacts of modernization of WFS on Natura 2000 site P. Nieznanski Local ElAs will be prepared upon completion of final designs of WFS.
"Dolina Widawy". - WWF Poland The need for detailed inventories is described in EA.
Impacts of modernization of WFS on Natura 2000 site WWF Poland The impact area of ORFPP extends from Raciborz reservoir
"Grady Odrzanskie". to Brzeg Dolny. The need for detailed survey was described in EA.
The absence of EIA on Natura 2000 sites K. Swierkosz The EA indicates the need for local ElAs for all investments
("Grady Odrzanskie", "Dolina Widawy"). - Polish Ecological Club having potential impacts on Natura 2000 sites. Some general remarksare included into EA.
The plans for reconstruction of Widawa valley K. Swierkosz Detailed designs are under preparation and not yet completed.
and enlargement of capacity of flood channel - Polish Ecological Club In opinion of Hydroprojekt representative no enlargement of Widawa
and dredging of Widawa riverbed are vague and unclear. riverbed is foreseen. Only some general mitigation measures
In the past (2004) renaturization of Widawa River are mentioned in EA. Potential impacts/mitigation and possible
has been promissed. renaturization of Widawa River should be covered by local EIA.
Localization of planned borrow pit Oborniki Slaskie Gminal Not covered by EA but it needs local EIA.
in the area of Paniowice polder Conflicting situation with Natura 2000 site "Dolina Widawy".
New bridge proposal on the Widawa river Oborniki Slaskie Gminal Not covered by EA but it needs local EIA.
(road Wroclaw-Oborniki Slaskie) Conflict with Natura 2000 site "Dolina Widawy".
' Comments received by letter
ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
D3. Summary of comments on draft EA during public consultation meeting on July 1st, 2005,10.00 hrs,at the Strzecha Community Centre in Raciborz
Issue/Question Raised by whom Answer/Covered by EA
On EIA procedure:Insufficient information has been provided to local D. Serwacinska Invitations have been sent to 31 government organisations and 9 ngo's.and regional NGOs about public consultation procedure. - Center of Natural Others were invited by advertisement in local weekly magazines
Heritage of Upper Silesia and publication on website RZGW.Has a DTM (Digital Terrain Model) for the modelling P. Nieznanski No, it is questionable whether DTM is sufficiently accurate to assessof inundated area in the Odra valley been used? - WWF Poland detailed impacts on Natura sites.What can be done about the loan in case of very adverse P. Nieznanski Not very likely development in view of major benefits of ORFPPimpacts on Natura sites caused by the project requiring - WWF Poland of which the Raciborz polder is essential component. However the loandrastic changes or even complete or partly cancellation could be only be partly used if certain components would be cancelled.of the Raciborz reservoir.
On project concepts:Questions the economic justification of ORFPP for flood R. Madej Project is justified by detailed hydraulic studies and economic analysesprotection of Raciborz and Wroclaw; justification - Defence Committee during feasibility study Further discussion is out of scope of this meeting.for the Raciborz reservoir project could not be based Village Nieboczowyon the results of 1997 flood.Questions the justification of reconstruction of old R. Madej Out of scope for this meeting.embankments after 1997 flood. Insufficient modernization - Defence Committeeworks of Ulga (bypass) channel in Raciborz have been Village Nieboczowycarried out. L. Wandelberger
- village administratorof Nieboczowy
The impact of Raciborz reservoir on inhabitants R. Madej Defence Committee alternative was rejected during feasibility study. Socialof Nieboczowy village - the residents proposal - Defence Committee impacts are covered by RAP, which will be discussed in other meeting.for the alternative embankment of the polder Village Nieboczowy Out of scope for this meeting.and protection of Nieboczowy village, reservations L. Wandelbergeron RAP, relocation of Nieboczowy, excluding Lapacz. - village administrator
Nieboczowy
ANNEXD - PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
On Reservoir operation:
Why is reservoir designed to pass only once in 10 year P. Nieznanski Technically it is possible that floods up to 10 year flood could pass
flood and not less frequent floods. - WWF Poland uncontrolled. Operational rules will be prepared by balancing minimalecological impacts and maximum safety for people and property.Discussion on this subject is included in EA.
How to minimize the adverse impacts downstream A. Adamski The need for optimization of operational rules for Raciborz reservoir
of Raciborz reservoir on Natura 2000 sites - Pro Natura is described in EA. The EA should be supported by quantitative data
(especially on riverine habitats). P. Nieznanski on reduced flood frequencies and reduction of inundated area of riverine
- WWF Poland habitats during flood events, to be determined by hydro-biologicalinventories and monitoring studies of downstream Natura 2000 sites.
D. Serwacinska- Center of NaturalHeritage of Upper Silesia
On wet option:
What are the prospects for the wet option (stage l1l) A. Adamski The polder will be dry reservoir, at least in the next few decades.
of Raciborz reservoir, which will be disastrous - Pro Natura What will be done in future is for next generations to decide.
development for the Tworkowski Forest.
Why is the dry reservoir designed as a wet reservoir? J. Engel The structure is designed to operate a dry reservoir, but eventually could- WWF Poland be converted into a permanent structure, which is navigable for ships.
The damage of Tworkowski Forest in the wet option D. Serwacinska The decision has been taken that reservoir will be a dry one. Not relevant..
(after 50 years). - Center of NaturalHeritage of Upper Silesia
A wet reservoir will create possibilities for recreation P. Klima There will be a dry reservoir; recreation potential of wet reservoir is low,
and tourist development (sailing etc.). - Raciborz city councillor because permanent damming reduces safety and there will be problemswith maintaining water quality (eutrophication and pollution of surfacewater).
In case of wet reservoir there is no compensation D. Serwacinska Not relevant.for the problems of downstream erosion and its influence - Center of Naturalon the floodplain. Heritage of Upper Silesia
Need of compensation measures and enhancement of D. Serwacinska Not relevant.Odra valley biocorridor in the case of wet reservoir (300 m - Center of Naturalwide new bio-corridor). Heritage of Upper Silesia
ANNEXD * PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont
The higher benefits for flood protection of the dry polder D. Serwacinska Confirmed by feasibility study.than wet option. - Center of Natural_ Heritage of Upper Silesia
On groundwater pollution:
No solution is given for impact of coal dump disposal near Defence Committee Predicted impacts are described in EA but problem needs detailed study.Bukow on environment. for Protection against Responsibility is with Voivod, not RZGW. This issue was first recognizedResettlement Village by the EA consultants team.Nieboczowy
The impact of Raciborz reservoir on ground water. J. Engel Partly covered by EA - some predictions of the impact of coal dump- WWF Poland on water quality near Bukow.
On socio-economic development:
What is contribution of Czech Republic into ORFPP. P. Klima Czech side is informed on project details, but no involvement- Raciborz city councillor in implementation.
The inadequate consultation process with Nieboczowy P. Klima Out of EA scope. Covered by RAP.inhabitants. - Raciborz city councillorWill there be any impact of the Odra-Danube channel. P. Klima This project is shelved (not feasible) and outside scope of discussion.
- Raciborz city councillorHow many jobs will be created during construction P. Klima Temporary employment will be created during construction of dry polderof the Raciborz polder. - Raciborz city councillor (during 6 years). For details reference is made to RZGWGL.
Gmina Krzyzanowice'The cooperation between EA team and municipal P. Klima During field visits as far as possible.and powiat authorities. - Raciborz city councillorOn agricultural land use
Farming should continue as before by farmers, Gmina Krzyzanowicel EA recommends only allowing use as meadows and pastureswho have land in the polder. and no cultivation of arable crops, in order to reduce risk of crop lossesduring operation of the reservoir.
Comments received by letter
ANNEXD PUBLIC CONSULTATION, cont.
On gravel exploitation: _______*
Gravel exploitation at the left bank of Odra river A. Hajduk Expanded gravel exploitation at left bank is in conflict with conservation
should not be banned in view of economic development - Powiat office in Raciborz of Natura 2000 site Las Tworkowski and preserving and enhancing
of region. Gmina Krzyzanowice' the biocorridor along the Upper Odra Valley.
UTEX-Terra Sp.(Mining Cie)'
On natural habitats and biota: .
The impact of the dry polder on the ecological corridor A. Adamski Some compensation measures described in EA.
connecting natural habitats in the Upper Odra valley. - Pro Natura
Insufficient compensation measures for the interruption D. Serwacinska Some mitigation and compensation measures for Raciborz dry polder
of ecological corridor by Raciborz reservoir - Center of Natural are described in EA, others have to be worked out in future.
(especially on forest habitats). Heritage of Upper Silesia
The impact of construction of Raciborz reservoir K. Polak This is largely covered by EA.on natural habitats and biota. - Municipality of Raciborz
The impact of long term inundations on natural habitats K. Kardyka Partly covered by EA. Little experience from similar situations. In view
inside Raciborz reservoir - Municipality of Raciborz of high level of uncertainty this should be studied with long term monitoringnetwork.
On Natura 2000 sites:
The impact analysis of Raciborz reservoir on riverine J. Engel EA recommends in view high level of uncertainty to study impacts
habitats and biota - WWF Poland by installing long-term monitoring network. Consultants prepare ToRfor survey and monitoring of all Natura 2000 sites influencedby the ORFPP (from Raciborz reservoir down to Brzeg Dolny)as a part of Main Report
Need for mitigation and compensation measures Krzyzanowice Gmina Proposals for mitigation and compensation measures for impact on Forest
for the Tworkowski Forest authority are described in EA.
On Environmental Management:
Under what legal authority will the environmental P. Nieznanski PCU will be responsible for implementation of EMP and be assisted
management plan be implemented - WWF Poland in this task by M&E Consultants. PCU reports to Ministry of Internal Affairsand Administration and Ministry of Environment
Comment received in letter
ANNEXD PUBLIC CONSULTATION
D4. Letter from Polish Society of Wildlife Friends "pro Natura" (Wroclaw)
POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO PRZYJACIOL PRZYRODY "pO NATURA"POLISH SOCIETY OF WILDLIFE FRIENDS p
Podwale 75, 50-449 Wroclaw, Poland tel/fax: (+48) (71) 343 41 22 ext. 326 email: [email protected]
Comments on the Environmental Assessment
for the "Odra River Basin Flood Protection Project"
Component B - Modernization of the Wroclaw Floodway System
1) In the Project, the possibility to take advantage of planned actions in order to obtain additionalbenefits for the natural environment is not utilized.
a) When widening the Odra river channel between the Redzin barrage and the Widawa river outlet(task no. 27), it is possible to create a number of islands in the course of the river (by leavingseveral fragments of the river's present bank (5-15 m wide) in the widened channel);
b) Two additional islands may be created by connecting with the river upstream sections of twoartificial oxbow lakes of the Odra river (one on the right bank, and one on the left bank) locatedalong a stretch of about 2 km downstream the Bystrzyca river outlet.
c) The raising of the left-bank embankment of the Olawka polder (task no. 2) makes it possibleto consider the project of renaturization of the downstream section of the Szalona river (a left-bank tributary of the Olawa river) along a stretch of about 2-3 km at the level of Radwanie.The renaturization would involve an adequate change in the course of the river channeland a change in the shaping of banks (details to be determined).
2) An essential drawback of the Project is an insufficient integration of planned actions with otherprojects planned in the same area, in particular projects relating to the construction of roads.The duplication of the alignment of flood embankments planned to be modernized and the courseof roads planned to be constructed (the road Bielany-Lany-Dlugoleka) causes unnecessary lossesin nature (including Natura 2000 sites, e.g., under the modemization of the embankment of theTrestno-Blizanowice polder - task no. 3) and unnecessarily increases investment costs. A methodwhich would allow these losses to be avoided may be to plan road embankments to be used asnew flood embankments.
Prepared by:ArturAdamski, MA.Polish Society of Wildlife Friends "pro Natura"75 Podwale St., 50-449 Wroclawe-mail: [email protected]
PRESIDENTPTPP "pro Natura"
Roman Guziak, MEng