Oct 2007 SDP-MSc Slide 1 Section 9 Graphic Programming.

Oct 2007 SDP-MSc Slide

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Section 9

Graphic Programming


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using System;using System.Windows.Forms;using System.Drawing;

class GFrame1:Form { protected int x=10, y=20; protected Label l1; protected Font f=new Font("Times New Roman",20,FontStyle.Bold); :


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:public GFrame1(){

l1=new Label(); l1.Font=f; l1.Text="Welcome"; l1.SetBounds(x,y,160,43); Controls.Add(l1);

}}

public class Test91{public static void Main(string[] args){

Application.Run(new GFrame1());}}


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class GFrame2 :GFrame1 { protected Label l2=new Label();

public GFrame2():base(){ l2.Text="Home";

l2.SetBounds(x,y+40,160,43); l2.Font = f; Controls.Add(l2);

}}


Application.Run(new GFrame2());}}}


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class GFrame2 :GFrame1 { protected Button b1=new Button();

public GFrame2():base(){ b1.Text= "Move"; b1.SetBounds(100,180,90,23);

Controls.Add(b1); }

}




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public GFrame2():base(){ b1.Text= "Move"; b1.SetBounds(100,180,90,23); b1.Click += new EventHandler(this.button1_Click);

Controls.Add(b1);}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ l1.Text="Goodbye";}}




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Using Paint Feature


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protected bool start = false; public GFrame2():base(){ b1.Text= "Move"; b1.SetBounds(100,180,90,23); b1.Click += new EventHandler(this.button1_Click);

Controls.Add(b1); }

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ start=true; this.Refresh(); }


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protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe){ base.OnPaint(pe); Graphics g = pe.Graphics; SolidBrush brush=new SolidBrush(Color.Black); if (start==true) g.DrawString("Everyone",f,brush,30,60); }

}




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First a new Version of the Base class

using System;using System.Windows.Forms;using System.Drawing;using System.Threading;

class GFrame1:Form { protected int x=10, y=20; protected Font f=

new Font("Times New Roman",20,FontStyle.Bold); public GFrame1(){ }

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe){ base.OnPaint(pe); Graphics g = pe.Graphics; SolidBrush brush=new SolidBrush(Color.Black); g.DrawString("Welcome",f,brush,x,y);}} :


protected bool start = false; public GFrame2():base(){ b1.Text= "Move"; b1.SetBounds(100,180,90,23); b1.Click += new EventHandler(this.button1_Click);

Controls.Add(b1); }


:

protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe){ base.OnPaint(pe); Graphics g = pe.Graphics; SolidBrush brush=new SolidBrush(Color.Black); if (start==true){ x+=15;

Thread.Sleep(1000);this.Refresh();}

}}




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I.e restarted from left of screen


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class GFrame2 :GFrame1 { : protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe){ base.OnPaint(pe); Graphics g = pe.Graphics; SolidBrush brush=new SolidBrush(Color.Black); if (start==true){ x+=15;

Thread.Sleep(1000);

if (x>280)x=10; // reset this.Refresh();}

}}

}


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I.e bounces back

class GFrame2 :GFrame1 { :

private int step=15; : protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe){ base.OnPaint(pe); Graphics g = pe.Graphics; SolidBrush brush=new SolidBrush(Color.Black); if (start==true){

x+=step;Thread.Sleep(1000);

if ((x>180)||x<10)step=step*-1;this.Refresh();}

}}


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Ex91.Rewrite ‘Test91’ so textmoves vertically up &down screen.

Note: Repositioning of Button


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class GFrame3:Form { protected int x=10, y=10; protected SolidBrush brush;

public GFrame3(){ brush =new SolidBrush(Color.Blue); }

:


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protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe){ base.OnPaint(pe); Graphics g = pe.Graphics;

g.FillEllipse(brush,x,y,50,50); }

}




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public GFrame4():base(){

b1.Text= "Change Colour"; b1.SetBounds(100,180,90,23); b1.Click += new EventHandler(this.button1_Click);

Controls.Add(b1); }

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ brush.Color=Color.Yellow; this.Refresh();}

} public class Test92{

public static void Main(string[] args){Application.Run(new GFrame4());}}

}


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class GFrame4 :GFrame3 { protected Button b1=new Button(); private bool start = false; private int step=8;

public GFrame4():base(){ b1.Text= "Change Colour"; b1.SetBounds(180,100,90,23); b1.Click += new EventHandler(this.button1_Click);

Controls.Add(b1); }


:


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: protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs pe){ base.OnPaint(pe); if (start==true){ y+=step;

Thread.Sleep(500); if ((y>219)||y<10)step=step*-1; this.Refresh();}

} }




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Ex92. Rewrite ‘Test99’ so the ball moves around the Frame


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Ex93. Rewrite ‘Test99’ so the ball moves vertically up & down the Frame but not go as high next time & eventually stops


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Ex94. Rewrite ‘Test99’ so the ball initially diagonally & bounces off each wall ….


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Ex95. Rewrite ‘Ex94’ so the ball initially diagonally & bounces off each wall accelerating as it reflects off wall


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class GFrame3 extends JFrame { protected Container content; protected int x=10, y=30; protected Color c=Color.blue;

public GFrame3(){ content=getContentPane(); content.setLayout(null); setSize(300,300); setVisible(true);}

public void paint(Graphics g){ super.paint(g); g.drawLine(x, y+40, x+30,y);}

}public class Test910{

public static void main(String[] args){ GFrame3 e = new GFrame3();}}

Ex96. This Application produces the following result


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Now complete the application (using inheritence) so it draws atriangle which moves up & down screen after button clicked


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Ex97. Now rewrite the application so the triangle moves around screen


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GUI Front End


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class Counter{ protected int value; private String name;

public Counter(int v, String n){ this.value = v; this.name = n;}

public void increment(){this.value++;}

public int read_value(){ return this.value;}}


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class MyCounter:Counter{

public MyCounter(int v, String n):base(v,n) { }

public void decrement() {this.value--;}

public void add(int amt){ this.value+=amt;}}


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class GFrame:Form {

private Label lmain=new Label();private Label l1=new Label();private Button b_incr=new Button();private Button b_decr=new Button();private Button b_add=new Button();private TextBox t1=new TextBox();

private TextBox t2=new TextBox(); private Font f=new Font("Times New Roman",15,FontStyle.Bold);

private MyCounter c =new MyCounter(1,"Score");


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: public GFrame():base(){

lmain.Text="Counter Application"; lmain.Font=f; l1.Text="Value"; l1.Font=f; b_incr.Text= "Incr"; b_decr.Text= "Decr"; b_add.Text= "Add Amt"; t1.Text= "1"; lmain.SetBounds(10,10,220,43);

l1.SetBounds(22,60,70,23); t1.SetBounds(102,60,90,23); t1.Text= " "+c.read_value(); b_incr.SetBounds(12,90,90,23);

b_decr.SetBounds(102,90,90,23); b_add.SetBounds(12,120,90,23); t2.SetBounds(102,120,90,23);

:


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: b_incr.Click += new EventHandler(this.button1_Click); b_add.Click += new EventHandler(this.button3_Click);

Controls.Add(lmain); Controls.Add(l1);

Controls.Add(t1); Controls.Add(b_incr); Controls.Add(b_decr); Controls.Add(b_add); Controls.Add(t2);

}


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private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ c.increment();

t1.Text=" "+c.read_value();}

private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ int amt=int.Parse(t2.Text);

c.add(amt); t1.Text=" "+c.read_value();}

}


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Application.Run(new GFrame());}}


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Ex98. Put a GUI Front End on the following Account class

class Account{ private int accNo; private int balance; public Account(int No, int bal){ this.balance=bal;

this.accNo=No;}public int getAccNo(){return accNo;}public int getBalance() {return balance;}public void credit(int amount){ balance+=amount;}public boolean debit(int amount){ if (amount > balance) return false;

else { balance = balance - amount; return true;}}

}


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Ex99. Put this GUI front -end with the following Time class


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class Time{ private int sec; private int min;

private int hour; public Time(int h,int m, int s){ this.hour = h;

this.min = m; this.sec = s;}

public void increment_sec(){this.sec++; if (sec==60){ sec=0; min++;}

if (min==60){min=0; hour++;} } public void decrement_sec(){ if (sec>0) sec--;

else { sec=59; if(min>0) min--; else {min=59; hour--;}}}

public String read_time(){ return ""+hour+":"+min+":"+sec;}


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Ex910. Change Q72 from DOS menu to GUI

class Item{private int lotno;private String bidder;private int bid;

public Item(int l,String bn, int b){...public void nextbid(String b_name, int amt){...public void print_details(){ }}

public class Q72{public static void main(...

Note: next bid only accepted if > current bid

Online Auction


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Generics


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class ArrayTest

{ private int[] values;

public ArrayTest(int[] v)

{

values = v;}

public int first()

{

if (values.Length == 0) throw new Exception();

return values[0];}

public void printAll()

{

Console.WriteLine(); Console.Write("[");

foreach (int el in values)

Console.Write(" " + el);

Console.WriteLine("]");

}}

Version 1


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class GenericsEx

{

public static void Main()

{

int[] a = { 2, 6, 3, 5 };

ArrayTest at=new ArrayTest(a);

int res = at.first();

Console.WriteLine(“First=" + res);

at.printAll();

}

}


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class ArrayTest

{ private double[] values;

public ArrayTest(double[] v)

{

values = v;}

public double first()

{


return values[0];}


{

Console.WriteLine(); Console.Write("[");

foreach (double el in values)



}}

Version 2


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class GenericsEx

{


{

double[] a = { 2.25, 6.5, 3.25, 5.5 };

ArrayTest at=new ArrayTest(a);

double res = at.first();

Console.WriteLine("Sum=" + res);

at.printAll();

}

}


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class ArrayTest<T>

{ private T [] values;

public ArrayTest(T[] v)

{

values = v;}

public T first()

{


return values[0];}


{ Console.WriteLine(); Console.Write("[");

foreach (T el in values)



}}

Version 3


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class GenericsEx

{


{

double[] a = { 2.25, 6.5, 3.25, 5.5 };

ArrayTest<double> at=new ArrayTest<double>(a);

double res = at.first();

Console.WriteLine("First=" + res);

at.printAll();

}

}


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interface First

{

int Add();

}

class Second<T> where T : First

{

T val1,val2;

public Second(T v1, T v2)

{

val1 = v1; val2 = v2;

}

public int sum()

{

return val1.Add()+val2.Add();

}}


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class MyT : First

{ private int v1,v2;

public MyT(int a, int b){v1=a; v2=b;}

public int Add()

{

return v1 + v2;

}

}

public class Test

{public static void Main()

{ MyT mt1 = new MyT(1, 2);

MyT mt2 = new MyT(3, 4);

Second<MyT> sec = new Second<MyT>(mt1, mt2);

Console.WriteLine("Sum=" + sec.sum());

}}


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//Error

public class Test

{public static void Main()

{ MyT mt1 = new MyT(1, 2);

MyT mt2 = new MyT(3, 4);

Second<int> sec = new Second<int>(mt1, mt2);

Console.WriteLine("Sum=" + sec.sum());

}}


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class ArrayTest<T> where T:IComparable

{

private T[] values;

public ArrayTest(T[] v)

{

values = v;}

public T largest()

{


T res = values[0];

foreach (T el in values)

if (res.CompareTo(el)<0) res=el;

return res;

}

:


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class GenericsEx

{


{

double[] a = { 2.25, 6.5, 3.25, 5.5 };

ArrayTest<double> at = new ArrayTest<double>(a);

double res = at.largest();

Console.WriteLine("Largest=" + res);

at.printAll();

}

}


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IEnumerator Interface

• has following members: • Property: Current • Method: MoveNext • Method: Reset

• "Supports a simple iteration over a collection.", as well as: :


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IEnumerable Interface

• 1 method called

• GetEnumerator.

• "Exposes the enumerator

• support the ForEach semantics


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foreach loop Iterates through a composition

i.e IEnumerator type

public class Array3{

static int add(int []b)

{ int total=0;

foreach (int element in b)

total = total+ element;

return total;}

:

b-Must be an IEnumerable typeImplied call to b.GetEnumator()


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Yield

Only used in an Iterator Block

// yield-example.cs

using System;

using System.Collections;

public class List {

;


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public static IEnumerable Power(int number, int exponent)

{ int counter = 0;

int result = 1;

while (counter++ < exponent)

{ result = result * number;

yield return result; } }


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static void Main()

{ // Display powers of 2 up to the exponent 8:

foreach (int i in Power(2, 8))

{ Console.Write("{0} ", i); } } }

2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256


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IEnumerator Interface

If you want to Iterate through a collection in C#, the collection must Implement this interface

Supports functions like:

- Void Reset() , - bool MoveNext() ,- object Current


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class MyClass : IEnumerable<string>{ IEnumerator<string> Letter { get { yield return "A"; yield return "B"; yield return "C"; } }

public IEnumerator<string> GetEnumerator() { return Letter; }

}


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class MainClass{ static void Main() { MyClass mc1 = new MyClass(); foreach (string s in mc1) Console.Write("{0} ", s); }}

Mc – IEnumerable typeImplied call to getEnumerator- Foreach works on IEnumerator type


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Generics:

public class ArrayList<T>{

private T[] itemArray; public void Add(T newItem) {...} public T this[int i] {...}

}


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ArrayList<string> strArrList = new ArrayList<string>();

strArrList.Add(“fred”);

string str = strArrList[0];


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public class ObjectList<ItemType> : CollectionBase { private ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

public int Add(ItemType value) { return list.Add(value); }

public void Remove(ItemType value) { list.Remove(value); }

public ItemType this[int index] { get { return (ItemType)list[index]; } set { list[index] = value; } } }


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ObjectList<string> list = new ObjectList<string>();

// Add two strings.

list.Add("blue");

list.Add("green");

:


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public class GenericList<T>{private class Node { public Node(T t) { next = null; data = t; } private Node next; public Node Next { get { return next; } set { next = value; }} private T data; public T Data { get { return data; } set { data = value; } } }

Inner Class Node


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private Node head;

// constructor public GenericList() { head = null; }

// T as method parameter type: public void AddHead(T t) { Node n = new Node(t); n.Next = head; head = n; }


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public T RemoveFirst() { if (head == null) throw new Exception(); else { T res = head.Data; head = head.Next; return res; } } public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() { Node current = head; while (current != null) { yield return current.Data; current = current.Next; } }}


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class TestGenericList{ static void Main() { GenericList<char> list = new GenericList<char>();

for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) { list.AddHead((char)(x+65)); } foreach (char i in list) { System.Console.Write(i + " "); } }}

Oct 2007 SDP-MSc Slide 1 Section 9 Graphic Programming.

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Transcript of Oct 2007 SDP-MSc Slide 1 Section 9 Graphic Programming.