Oct. 11, 2010 TasksOct. 11, 2010 Tasks Obj: Know and understand the characteristics of living Obj: Know and understand the characteristics of living

things. things. 1. New Seating Chart1. New Seating Chart2. Review Test 2. Review Test A. Look at the questions you missed. A. Look at the questions you missed. B. Find what you didn’t understand.B. Find what you didn’t understand.

C. Write down one question or vocabulary C. Write down one question or vocabulary term you didn’t understand FOR EACH term you didn’t understand FOR EACH QUESTION YOU MISSED.QUESTION YOU MISSED. D. Ask for clarification.D. Ask for clarification. E. Should you retake this test? If your test grade E. Should you retake this test? If your test grade

was a D or an F you are required to retake the test during was a D or an F you are required to retake the test during tutor time or after school. tutor time or after school. 3. Biochemistry Clicker Quiz3. Biochemistry Clicker Quiz4. Atomic Structure 4. Atomic Structure

Oct. 12/13, 2010 TasksOct. 12/13, 2010 Tasks Obj: Understand the structure of atoms.Obj: Understand the structure of atoms.

Warm-Up: What’s the difference between atomic number Warm-Up: What’s the difference between atomic number and atomic mass? If you don’t know write, “I don’t know.”and atomic mass? If you don’t know write, “I don’t know.”

TasksTasks1. Talk about warm up. 1. Talk about warm up. 2. Atomic Mass and Number Notes.2. Atomic Mass and Number Notes.3. Marble atoms activity.3. Marble atoms activity.

HW: Unit 3 worksheet #1HW: Unit 3 worksheet #1

Atomic NumberAtomic Number

Atomic Number = # of protons in the nucleusAtomic Number = # of protons in the nucleus

OrOr

# of electrons outside the nucleus in a neutral # of electrons outside the nucleus in a neutral atomatom

Atomic Number is used to order all the elements in Atomic Number is used to order all the elements in the periodic tablethe periodic table

Mass #Mass #

Is the mass of an individual atomIs the mass of an individual atom= number of protons + number of neutrons= number of protons + number of neutronsAtomic Mass is DIFFERENT than Mass #.Atomic Mass is DIFFERENT than Mass #.

Atomic Mass = the AVERAGE mass of all Atomic Mass = the AVERAGE mass of all isotopes in an element.isotopes in an element.

Why is the mass of Carbon 12.01Why is the mass of Carbon 12.01

-The .01 shows the average mass for Carbon.-The .01 shows the average mass for Carbon.

-It shows how often there are isotopes.-It shows how often there are isotopes.

-Most of the time the mass # is 12 with 6 -Most of the time the mass # is 12 with 6 protons and 6 neutrons.protons and 6 neutrons.

-Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons.-Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons.

-its mass # is 13-its mass # is 13

-Carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons.-Carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons.

-its mass# is 14-its mass# is 14

Identifying Atoms ActivityIdentifying Atoms Activity

On the back of sheet of your periodic table On the back of sheet of your periodic table is a sheet. is a sheet.

Identify the 6 atoms that are already set up Identify the 6 atoms that are already set up by filling in all the information in the table.by filling in all the information in the table.

(See board for example)(See board for example)

Create and identify your own atomsCreate and identify your own atoms

In the remaining spaces of your table In the remaining spaces of your table create and identify your own atoms using create and identify your own atoms using the periodic table. the periodic table.

They must be different from the ones you They must be different from the ones you identified already.identified already.

October 14, 2010October 14, 2010

Obj: Review Atomic principles for Friday Quiz.Obj: Review Atomic principles for Friday Quiz.

Warm-Up: Get a book! Read p. 317! Define: Warm-Up: Get a book! Read p. 317! Define: Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force, Weak force, gravity in your notebookdWeak force, gravity in your notebookd

HW Due: Have your Unit 3 worksheet 1 HW out.HW Due: Have your Unit 3 worksheet 1 HW out.

HW: Study for quiz tomorrowHW: Study for quiz tomorrow

October 15, 2010October 15, 2010

Obj: -Atomic structure quizObj: -Atomic structure quiz12 questions – you may use your class notes and .12 questions – you may use your class notes and .

-Chemistry Video-Chemistry VideoExit slip: write 5 facts you learned from the videoExit slip: write 5 facts you learned from the video

HW Due: NoneHW Due: None

HW: NoneHW: None

Warm-UpWarm-Up: : Ernest Rutherford directed helium ions Ernest Rutherford directed helium ions at gold foil. He expected all of the ions to bounce at gold foil. He expected all of the ions to bounce back, but only some of them did. How did he explain back, but only some of them did. How did he explain this result? (See picture on board)this result? (See picture on board)

What is an atom?What is an atom?

An atom is the smallest particle of an An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still has the chemical identity element that still has the chemical identity of that element. (write this)of that element. (write this)

How do we define the chemical identity of How do we define the chemical identity of something?something?

We look at what makes up an atom.We look at what makes up an atom.

What makes up an atom?What makes up an atom?

Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. (write this)electrons. (write this)

How do we know this?How do we know this?

JJ Thomson’s experiments with cathode JJ Thomson’s experiments with cathode ray tubes. ray tubes.

What is the structure of an What is the structure of an atom?atom?

Nucleus – made of protons and neutronsNucleus – made of protons and neutrons It’s the center of an atom.It’s the center of an atom.

Electrons orbit the nucleus in different Electrons orbit the nucleus in different energy levels.energy levels.The number of electrons in the outermost The number of electrons in the outermost

level or shell determines reactivity.level or shell determines reactivity.Ex) CarbonEx) Carbon

Chemical BondsChemical Bonds

Covalent Bond – when atoms share Covalent Bond – when atoms share electrons.electrons.Stronger than ionic bond – takes more energy Stronger than ionic bond – takes more energy

to break it.to break it.Ex) WaterEx) Water

Ionic Bond – when one atom takes an Ionic Bond – when one atom takes an electron and another one gives one up.electron and another one gives one up.Weaker than covalent bondWeaker than covalent bondEx) NaCl (see page 37)Ex) NaCl (see page 37)

What is an isotope?What is an isotope?

Isotope – atom of the same element with a Isotope – atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons. different number of neutrons. Some isotopes are radioactive and break Some isotopes are radioactive and break

down at a steady rate over time. down at a steady rate over time. Useful for carbon dating, detecting and Useful for carbon dating, detecting and

treating cancer and tracing the movements of treating cancer and tracing the movements of some substances in an organism. some substances in an organism.

Group WorkGroup Work

Everyone get a bookEveryone get a bookPick a macromolecule:Pick a macromolecule:

Carbohydrate (p. 46)Carbohydrate (p. 46) Lipid (p. 47)Lipid (p. 47) Nucleic Acid (p. 48)Nucleic Acid (p. 48) Amino Acid (p. 48)Amino Acid (p. 48)

Read about your macromolecule.Read about your macromolecule.Build your macromolecule using toothpicks Build your macromolecule using toothpicks

and marshmallows. and marshmallows. Share your macromolecule with your table.Share your macromolecule with your table.

Why is it called carbon-based Why is it called carbon-based life?life?

Carbon can form four covalent bonds Carbon can form four covalent bonds because it wants four electrons in its outer because it wants four electrons in its outer electron shell.electron shell.

Carbon acts as a backbone for most Carbon acts as a backbone for most macromolecules.macromolecules.

Carbon can bond to hydrogen, oxygen, Carbon can bond to hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur and nitrogen.phosphorous, sulfur and nitrogen.

What is a monomer and a polymerWhat is a monomer and a polymer

Mono = oneMono = oneMonomers are single units of moleculesMonomers are single units of molecules

Ex) glucose, a single amino acidEx) glucose, a single amino acidPoly = manyPoly = manyPolymers are many monomers bonded Polymers are many monomers bonded

togethertogetherEx) starch, protein Ex) starch, protein

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Are used as the main source of energy for Are used as the main source of energy for living organisms.living organisms.Ex) fructose, glucose, galactoseEx) fructose, glucose, galactose

Plants and some animals use Plants and some animals use carbohydrates for energy.carbohydrates for energy.Ex) celluloseEx) cellulose

LipidsLipids

Used to store energy.Used to store energy.Also important for creating biological Also important for creating biological

barriers called membranes.barriers called membranes.Help keep water out or inHelp keep water out or in

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

Three parts: nitrogenous base, 5-carbon Three parts: nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate group.sugar and a phosphate group.

Are used to store and transmit hereditary Are used to store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.or genetic information.

ProteinsProteins

Control rate of reactions Control rate of reactions Ex) EnzymesEx) Enzymes

Perform cellular tasksPerform cellular tasksEx) allow nutrients into cell and wastes out of Ex) allow nutrients into cell and wastes out of

cellcellHelps transport nutrientsHelps transport nutrients

Ex) Red Blood Cells – hemoglobin is a protein Ex) Red Blood Cells – hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen through the body. that carries oxygen through the body.

October, 14, 2010October, 14, 2010

Obj: What’s so great about water?Obj: What’s so great about water?1.1. Stations activityStations activity

2.2. Water notesWater notes

October 15, 2010October 15, 2010

Obj: What do enzymes do? Obj: What do enzymes do?

Types of Inheritance PatternsTypes of Inheritance Patterns

Autosomal Dominant- Autosomal Dominant- when only one mutant gene is needed to when only one mutant gene is needed to

express a particular phenotype.express a particular phenotype.mutant gene found on one of the 22 human mutant gene found on one of the 22 human

non-sex determining chromosomes non-sex determining chromosomes (autosomes) (autosomes)

Autosomal Recessive Autosomal Recessive X-Linked Dominant:X-Linked Dominant:X-Linked Recessive:X-Linked Recessive:

Types of Inheritance PatternsTypes of Inheritance Patterns

Autosomal Recessive- Autosomal Recessive- when a copy of the mutant gene is needed when a copy of the mutant gene is needed

from both parents in order for the phenotype from both parents in order for the phenotype to be expressedto be expressed..

Mutant gene found on one of the 22 human Mutant gene found on one of the 22 human non sex-determining chromosomes called non sex-determining chromosomes called autosomes autosomes

X-Linked Dominant:X-Linked Dominant:X-Linked Recessive:X-Linked Recessive:

Types of Inheritance PatternsTypes of Inheritance Patterns

X-Linked Dominant: X-Linked Dominant: mutant gene is located on X chromosome. mutant gene is located on X chromosome. only one copy of the mutant gene is needed to express the only one copy of the mutant gene is needed to express the

phenotypephenotype If mom has it, son will get it since he has only one x If mom has it, son will get it since he has only one x

chromosome from his momchromosome from his mom

X-Linked Recessive: X-Linked Recessive: mutant gene is located on X chromosomemutant gene is located on X chromosome Two copies of the mutant gene are needed to express the Two copies of the mutant gene are needed to express the

phenotypephenotype Possible to have carriers without phenotypic expressionPossible to have carriers without phenotypic expression

DirectionsDirections Take out a blank sheet of paper. Write your header on it. Take out a blank sheet of paper. Write your header on it.

Write the title Write the title Puzzling Pedigrees. Puzzling Pedigrees. This is an in class This is an in class assignment you will turn in for a grade.assignment you will turn in for a grade.

Part IPart I Write the letters A-H.Write the letters A-H. Each letter corresponds to a pedigree (think family tree).Each letter corresponds to a pedigree (think family tree). For each pedigree, identify which of the four patterns of For each pedigree, identify which of the four patterns of

inheritance is demonstrated.inheritance is demonstrated. Part IIPart II

Study Pedigrees I and J) shown in Figure 2-3. Study Pedigrees I and J) shown in Figure 2-3. Both pedigrees Both pedigrees illustrate the same traitillustrate the same trait..

Try to identify the inheritance pattern illustrated by these two Try to identify the inheritance pattern illustrated by these two pedigrees. pedigrees.

Explain your responses, stating specific examples to support Explain your responses, stating specific examples to support your explanation.your explanation.

Part III – Read directions in the class setPart III – Read directions in the class set

Wrap UpWrap Up

Open your binder to the daily entries Open your binder to the daily entries section. Under today’s date write Wrap Up section. Under today’s date write Wrap Up & answer the following questions.& answer the following questions.

How is the inheritance of genes on the X How is the inheritance of genes on the X chromosome different than genes on the chromosome different than genes on the autosomes?autosomes?

HW:HW:Think about the digestive disease you want Think about the digestive disease you want

study for your presentation. study for your presentation.