OCR F215 JAN 11 Control Genomes and Environment MS MARK SCHEME
Transcript of OCR F215 JAN 11 Control Genomes and Environment MS MARK SCHEME
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GCE
Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
Unit F215: Control, Genomes and Environment
Advanced GCE
Biology
Mark Scheme for January 2011
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OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range ofqualifications to meet the needs of pupils of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/ALevels, Diplomas, GCSEs, OCR Nationals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQsand vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administrationand secretarial skills.
It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs ofstudents and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into theestablishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support which keep pace with thechanging needs of todays society.
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of theexamination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by Examiners. It does not indicate thedetails of the discussions which took place at an Examiners meeting before marking commenced.
All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidatesscripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the Report on theExamination.
OCR will not enter into any discussion or correspondence in connection with this mark scheme.
OCR 2011
Any enquiries about publications should be addressed to:
OCR PublicationsPO Box 5050Annesley
NOTTINGHAMNG15 0DL
Telephone: 0870 770 6622Facsimile: 01223 552610E-mail: [email protected]
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F215 Mark Scheme
1
Question Expected Answer Mark A
1 (a) (i) Mark the first sugg
1
2
34
5
6
7
idea that(produces)large , yield / volume / amount, of milk ;
idea of long lactation period ;
idea of high milk quality ;large udders/
correct udder shape (for milking machine) ;
resistance to , (named) disease / mastitis / pathogensoreffective immune system ;
idea of calm temperament ;
AVP ;
3 max
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DO NOT CRED
DO NOT CRED
DO NOT CRED
CREDIT docile
eg
walk
idea
1 (a) (ii) normal shaped curve ;
shifted to the right of original ;
2
Position of curve mu
curvemustend
mustnotstart t
maystart at sam
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
1 (a) (iii) Mark the first sugg
123456
7
8
artificial insemination / AI ;in vitro fertilisation / IVF ;idea of progeny testing ;embryo transplantation / use of surrogate mother;cloning ;genetic screening / use of gene probes ;
AVP ;
AVP ;2 max
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
IGNORE perfo
CREDIT embry
ACCEPT gene
eg sex s
eg portm
1 (b) (i) idea of change to , DNA / base(s) / nucleotide(s) ;1
1 (b) (ii) natural / directional , selection ;
1
ACCEPT evolution
DO NOT CREDIT g
1 (c) (i) regulatoryidea that makes , repressor protein / transcription factororidea that product switches (structural / another) gene ,
on / off;
structuralidea that makes , enzyme / polypeptide / protein ;
relationship between the 2
idea that regulatory gene , controls / affects ,the expression of structural gene ;
2 max
ACCEPT makes re
ACCEPT switchingIGNORE explanatio
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
1 (c) (ii) lactose has been ,removed / digested / respired /broken down (by bacteria) ;
to , lactic acid / lactate / other sugars ;
yogurt still a good source of, calcium / vitamins ;2 max
DO NOT CREDIT i
eg glucose (and
1 (d) 123
4
5
lactose binds to repressor protein ;changes , shape / structure (of protein) ;removes it from / stops it binding to , operator;
RNA polymerase binds to promoter;
idea that (so that Z and Y) are ,transcribed / mRNA made ;
3 max
1
2
3
4
5
DO NOT CREDIGNORE ref. to
DO NOT CRED
CREDIT lactose
IGNORE gene
Total 16
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
2 (a)voluntary(skeletal)
involuntary(smooth)
cardiac
cellularstructure
*striated /bands of actin &
myosinor
cylindrical cells
ormultinucleate ;
*unstriated /*non striated
orspindle-
shaped cellsor
uninucleate ;
*striated
orbranched
cellsor
uninucleateor
interlocking /junctions /intercalated
discs ;
functionto move ,bones /
skeleton /joints /
(named) limbs ;
idea of**controllingdiameter of,
arteries /arterioles /bronchi /
bronchiolesor
peristalsisor
uterine
contractionor
control pupilsize ;
to pumpblood / AW ;
6
For each box, marmark being awardeis incorrect or contra
IGNORE informatiothat is identical to 1s
different (as Q asks
eg striated()
multinucleate(
striated() multinucleate
CREDIT drawings if
striated / mu
* ACCEPT descript
** ACCEPT controlblooddiamdiam
** CREDIT vasoconfor co
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
2 (b) voluntaryintercostal / diaphragm ;
involuntarybronchi / bronchioles / arteries / arterioles / aorta /
oesophagus ;
cardiacheart ;
3
CREDIT trapezius /l
ACCEPT between
DO NOT CREDIT nIGNORE gut unqua
ACCEPT walls of,
2 (c) (cardiac) D ;(clapping) B ;(bicycle) C ;
3
2 (d)
1
23
4
5
6
monkeys rather than ratsidea that (humans & monkeys) closely related /
share more genes / share a common ancestor;(humans & monkeys) both primates ;idea that brain / body ,
structure / physiology / behaviour,similar (to humans) ;
monkey brain bigger (than rat) ;max 2
comment
argument in favour;
argument against ;max 2
3 max
1
2
3
4
5
6
MAXIMUM 2 m
DO NOT CRED
ACCEPT havin
eg to allevia
eg causes ,DO NOT CRED
right to
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
2 (e) ACCEPT phonetic sp
123
456
7
C8
C9
S10
S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
V16
V17
V18
19
appropriate parts of nervous / endocrine systemssympathetic (motor neurones) stimulated ;noradrenaline / norepinephrine ;neurotransmitter released at ,
neuromuscular junction / organs ;adrenaline (secreted / released into blood) ;from adrenal , glands / medulla ;idea of adrenaline / noradrenaline ,
binding to receptors (on target tissue) ;AVP ;
effect on structures containing 3 types of muscleidea of heart beats faster;idea of heart beats more forcefully ;
alter blood flow / increase blood pressure ;
less blood flow to , gut / skin ;reducing gut secretions / making skin pale ;smooth muscle in gut relaxes / peristalsis slows down ;smooth muscle in airways relaxes / airways wider;iris radial muscle contracts / pupil dilates ;
idea of breathing / intercostals contracting /diaphragm contracting , faster;
more blood flow to (skeletal) muscles ;idea of(named skeletal) muscles being primed for action ;
AVP ;8 max
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
C8
C9
S10
S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
V16
V17
V18
19
May be awarde
eg corr corr
C = cardiac
S = smootheg cont
ACCEPT involACCEPT invol
V = voluntary
ACCEPT leg CREDIT glyco
eg erec
QWC linking structure to response ; 1 Award if 2 diffecorre2 diffe
Total 24
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
3 (a)
123
4
5
6
7
8
climate - tropical versus temperatetropical has
highertemperature / hotter;more (sun)light / days longer;photosynthesis faster;
idea thatmore storage of, organic molecules / biomass / energyormore formation of, organic molecules / biomass ;
AVP ;
vegetation - woodlandorrainforest versus grassland(s)woodlandorforest has
idea of greatercomplexity / greaterbiodiversity /more niches ;
competition for space less limiting ;
AVP ;4 max
CREDIT reverse arg
temperaturelight intensityphotosynthes
biomass mad
eg less seas faster, m
CREDIT reverse arg
eg greater, h
complexitycompetition
3 (b) (bomb) calorimeter;
detail of technique ;
detail of, measurement / analysis ;
2 max
eg known / d
(material)
eg temperatu known vo calculatio
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
3 (c) (i) (perch) 22 ;(cow) 1 ;
2
3 (c) (ii) 1
234
567
higher in bobcat/lower in cow ;
for bobcatmore (energy) absorbed ; oraless (energy / waste) egested ; oracorrect comparative figs. quoted from table ;
meat more digestible ; oramainly protein and fat ;contains no cellulose ; ora
3 max
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DO NOT CREDIGNORE refs tALLOW ecf if
bobcat 83(%) aorbobcat 17(%) a
3 (c) (iii) If perch is suggeste
If bobcat or cow sug
12
3
4
5
grasshopper;idea of high conversion to biomass figure ;
idea of herbivore / primary consumer /low(er) trophic level than perch ;
idea of more food available ;
idea of one stage of energy loss in food chain not two /more energy passes through food chain (to humans) ;
3 max
1
2
3
4
5
ACCEPT ref toACCEPT mp2
Total 14
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
4 (a) (i) max 2 for descript
If bacteria mentione
If incorrect units useapply ecf for subseq
1
2
3
4
5
678
descriptionlactose decreases
and qualified ;
ammonia decreasesand qualified ;
ammonia , plateaus / constant ,at c. 2 (a.u.) (between 55 -140 h) ;
max 2
explanationidea that lactose / ammonia , used ,
for growth / to make biomass ;lactose / ammonia , used to make penicillin ;
lactose broken down to glucose (and galactose) ;lactose / glucose , used for, respiration / energy ;ammonia used to make named N-containing molecule ;
max 2
4 max
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
eg single figeoo
eg single fig
eo
IGNORE ammeg amino
n
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
4 (a) (ii)
lactose and ammonia levels , stay high / oscillate ;
biomass , continues to rise / does not level off;
2
If bacteria mentioneIGNORE incorrect
DO NOT CREDIT
ACCEPT biomassrefer
4 (a) (iii)
idea that most penicillin produced after main growth phase ;after 24 h / when nutrients declining ;
not needed for growth ;
(however evidence not entirely clear as)production begins during biomass log phase ;
2 max
If bacteria mentioneIGNORE incorrect
4 (b) (i) If bacteria mentione
1
234
5
6
to avoid unwanted microbe , entry / presence ;
so no competition for nutrients ;so conditions remain unchanged ;so no decrease in yield ;
so no contamination of, batch / product / penicillin
orbatch is unusable ;
to prevent escape of,microbes / fungus / Penicillium/ spores ;
3 max
1
2
3
4
5
6
IGNORE patho
DO NOT CRED
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
4 (b) (ii)
temperature - as it affects enzymes ;pH - as it affects enzymes ;oxygen content ref. respiration ;
AVP ;
3 max
If bacteria mentione
DO NOT CREDIT a
eg salt conceaffec
removal oreduc
speed of sensu
Total 14
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark
5 (a)
A DNA polymerase/ Taq polymerase ;B restriction endonuclease ;
C (DNA) ligase ;D plasmid(s) ;E reverse transcriptase ;
5
Mark the first answanswer is given thaanswer, then = 0 m
B ACCEPT restrDO NOT ACC
5 (b)1
23
456
hospitalWBCs , easy to obtain / obtained from blood sample ;
WBCs good source of DNA ;mutant genes location unknown /
need to look in whole genome ;
biotechnology companyidea that insulin made in pancreas ;many mRNA copies there / mRNA easier to find ;AVP ;
4 max
1
2
3
4
5
6
ACCEPTidea
eg intro
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
5 (c) For A marks points mthe 2 processes and sin vivo is slow) orusemore, least, most, betscheme.
For the related E maone of the processes(Note that in some caadvantage or as an ex
contd
A1E1
A2E2
A3E3
A4
E4
A5
E5
advantages of PCRPCR quicker ;explanation ;
PCR uses less equipment ;explanation ;
PCR uses less space ;explanation ;
PCR less labour-intensive / easier/(some parts of process) less costly ;
explanation ;
PCR combines selection of gene and amplification butin vivo requires separate steps ;
explanation ;
A1
E1
A2
E2
A3
E3
A4
E4
A5
E5
eg few hou 30 cycle no bact
eg tube an
multiple
eg DNA an no grow in vivo r
eg PCR se in PCR in vivo r
in vivo r
eg primer s in vivo n
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
5 (c) contd A6E6
A7E7
A8E8
A9E9
A10E10
A11
E11
PCR safer;explanation ;
PCR can use lowerquality DNA ;explanation ;
advantages of in vivoin vivo less prone to mutation ;explanation ;
in vivo less expensive ;explanation ;
in vivo less technically complex ;explanation ;
in vivo useful , when gene less well known /as longer piece of DNA can be cloned ;
explanation ;
7 max
A6
E6
A7E7
A8
E8
A9
E9
A10
E10
A11
E11
eg PCR us PCR do
eg can use
eg Taq pol early m exact co
eg materia
PCR ch
eg conditio optimis
eg searchi obtains PCR ha
QWC clearly stated advantage linked to correct explanation ; 1 2 pairs of A & E marks
Total 17
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F215 Mark Scheme
15
Question Expected Answer Mark A
6 (a) Mark the first answof (a). If an additioncontradicts the corre
ACCEPT phonetic
6 (a) (i) tropism(s) ;1
IGNORE named tro
6 (a) (ii) (plant) hormone / growth substance / growth regulator / pgr;1
6 (a) (iii) deciduous ;1
6 (a) (iv) conservation ;1
DO NOT CREDIT p
6 (a) (v) decomposer(s) ;
1
ACCEPT saprotropIGNORE fungi / ba
DO NOT CREDIT d
6 (a) (vi) nitrogen fixation ;
1
ACCEPT nitrogen fiDO NOT CREDIT n
6 (b) (i) stimulus identified ;organism named and normal response described ;
response , stops / lessens ,after repeated stimulation / over time ;
3
eg toucheg sea anem
learning to ignore i
6 (b) (ii) organism named and voluntary behaviour described ;reinforcer / reward / punishment , identified ;
behaviour,increases (for reward) / decreases (for punishment) ,
in frequency ;3
eg dog beggeg food rewa
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F215 Mark Scheme
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Question Expected Answer Mark A
6 (b) (iii)
primate species identified ;
behaviour described ;
purpose / importance , stated ;
3
Marks can be awardinteraction instead odescribed.
CREDIT English naora
IGNORE humans
eg include do
allogroomi communica passing on idea of pro
CREDIT answers re
eg
eg
Total 15
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