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Embriologa de la articulacin

!Se desarrolla a partir de la 7ma.semana de vida intrauterina

!blastema condilar

!blastema temporal



!

blastema condilar

!blastema temporal

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!blastema condilar

!blastema temporal

Anatoma de la ATM

! Cpsula

" Fibroelstica

" Altamente vascularizada

" Formada por tejido conectivo denso

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Anatoma de la ATM

! Cndilo

"

15 a 20 mm mediolateralmente

" 10 mm anteroposteriormente

" De forma cilndrica a elptica

" La cabeza condilar se une a la rama por el cuello

" El cuello orienta la superficie condlea anterior y superiormente

Anatoma de la ATM

! Fosa glenoidea

" Es la porcin cncava de la superficie del temporal de laarticulacin

" Se localiza anterior a la porcin escamosa del hueso

temporal

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Anatoma de la ATM

! Eminencia articular

" Se ubica en la porcin frontal de la fosa

" Es una proyeccin cilndrica de hueso

" Est cubierta con una delgada capa de fibrocartlago

Anatoma de la ATM

! Disco

" El disco articular es una estructura oblonga cartilaginosa

" Es ms delgada en el centro que en las orillas

" La funcin principal es amortiguar la superficie condilar

contra la fosa en los movimientos articulares

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! Ligamentos intrnsecos: dos ligamentos laterales (externo- ms

fuerte- e interno).

!

Cpsula articular: su superficie interna est tapizada por sinovial y

se inserta al menisco dividiendo la articulacin en 2

compartimentos: superior e inferior. Consta de un estrato fibroneural

externo (forma de manguito), estrato subsinovial, y sinovial.

Generalidades

!

Ligamentos auxiliares: estilomaxilar, esfenomaxilar,

tmpanomandibular, y ptrigomaxilar.

!

Msculos auxiliares: masetero, temporal, pterigoideo medial y

pterigoideo lateral.

Generalidades

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!

Vascularizacin: plexo arterial en la zona bilaminar, siendo laporcin central de disco la nica avascular. Ramas de la cartida

externa y vasos perforantes a travs del pterigoideo lateral. Drenaje

venoso por venas superiores y una anterior.

!

Inervacin: por el nervio aurculotemporal y el tronco

tmporomaseterino.

Generalidades

Componentes

! Disco articular

! Cpsula articular

! Ligamento lateral

! Ligamento medial! Ligamentos

accesorios

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Espacios Articulares

Contenido:

Compartimiento Superior

1.2 ml.

Compartimiento Inferior

0.9 ml.

Vista coronal

Liquido sinovial

Composicin celular:

TIPO A: macrfagos

TIPO B: fibroblastos, colgena,

proteoglicanos, cido hialurnicoy glucoprotenas

TIPO C: combinacin de A y B

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GENERALIDADES

! Durante la apertura de la cavidad oralse realiza un movimiento inicial derotacin condilar sobre su eje mayortransversal (eje bisagra), permitiendoeste una apertura de unos 25 mm, quese produce en el compartimentoinferior.

GENERALIDADES

! Despus se produce una traslacincondilar hacia adelante (movimiento deBonwill), acompaada por el meniscoarticular, y que es responsable de laapertura hasta los 45 mm, en elcompartimento superior.

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