General Overview On 13 June, grenade explosions at a prayer meeting where prominent “No” Campaign leaders were present, left six people dead and hundreds injured. Investigation is underway and it has raised many speculations about the motives and the security development around the referendum campaign. The Kenyan Government moved swiftly to arrest Members of Parliament accused of making hate speeches at a political rally on 13 June 2010. The arrests came two days after the MPs who are advocating for the No Vote in the August Constitutional Referendum addressed their supporters in central Kenya, and allegedly incited certain communities to attack unsupportive ethnic groups to their campaign.. The National Cohesion and Integration Commission (NCIC) is monitoring hate speeches as momentum picks towards the August referendum. Certain segments of politicians are accusing the NCIC of bias against the No Campaigners as they are the first to be arrested for hate speech. On 19 June 2010, President Mwai Kibaki and Prime Minister Raila Odinga held their first joint “Yes Campaign’ in a show of unity that transcends political divisions and ethnic lines.

Government Officers from the Ministry of State for Special Programmes (MoSSP), National Disaster Operations Centre (NDOC) and Department of Mines and Geology are on a 10-day awareness campaign to flood and landslide prone areas in the Rift Valley region. The districts being visited since 21 June include Kisumu, Nyando, Bungoma, Budalangi, Mt. Elgon, Baringo, Muranga, Nyeri, Nakuru

The Presidential Press Service Statement issued on 17 June 2010 announced that former MoSSP Permanent Secretary Ali.D. Mohammed has been moved to the Ministry of Environment. Mr. Andrew Mondoh from the Prime Minister’s Office is the designate MoSSP PS. The MoSSP is mandated with emergency response and serves as interlocutor in the Government of Kenya for humanitarian operations.

Key Humanitarian Developments Humanitarian Financing Humanitarian partners in Kenya revised the Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan (EHRP) noting that whilst emergency needs are gradually subsiding, recovery efforts remain undermined by effects of cumulative poor rains of 2008/2009, destruction from flash floods, insecurity and persistent high food prices. The revised EHRP acknowledges improved food security which has led to a reduction of food beneficiary figures from 3.8 million to 1.6 million between August 2009 and March 2010 following good rains and harvest. Other humanitarian concerns highlighted in the EHRP are continuing : Cholera outbreaks, influx of refugees, increasing urban poor needs and internal displacements from various

UNITED NATIONS KENYA HUMANITARIAN UPDATE vol. 60

8 May-22 June 2010

Office of the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator in Kenya

HIGHLIGHTS Six people die, hundreds injured in grenade explosion at a prayer meeting in Nairobi

Uhuru Park

GoK moves swiftly to arrest MPs for alleged hate speeches

Government and partners to assess urban food security in July 2010

Aflatoxin contamination affects 2.3 million bags of maize

Cholera affects 33 districts with 3086 cases and 60 deaths (CFR of 1.9%) since January 2010

Humanitarian actors revise Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan (EHRP)

The information contained in this report has been compiled by OCHA from information received from the field, from national and international humanitarian partners and from other official sources. It does not represent a position from the United Nations. This report is posted on: http://ochaonline.un.org/kenya

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Out come of exposure to

AFLATOXIN(Human)

•Kidney Failure

•Immune system

affection.

DEATH

Suppression of Immune

system

(Immunization failure,

rampant occurrence

of other diseases

Nerve

damage

Cancer.

-Liver cancer.

-Kidney cancer

-Cancer in the lungs

& other organs.

Liver damage.

-Jaundice

-Immune system

-Metabolism

failure

-Anemia

-Weight loss

OUTCOME OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO AFLATOXIN.

Infertility:

Feminization in males &

lack of conception in female

dynamics. Financial needs have been revised from US$512 million to US$ 586 million. The EHRP is currently funded at 59 % with US$304 million received at 22nd June 2010. Flood report

The Crisis Response Centre reports that 90 people died in flood-related incidents in the since the onset of the long rains season in March 2010. Thirty-five districts were affected in different ways (crops damage, animals killed, bridges damaged, houses and settlements destroyed and livelihoods lost). A total of 1945 housing units were destroyed and up to 20, 420 people were displaced. Urban Vulnerability The Civil Society Urban Development Programme (CSUDP) funded by SIDA, hosted an “open office day’ at their Secretariat in Nairobi. The session was aimed at sharing information on how CSUDP is synergizing the operations of actors in urban areas and the UN-Habitat/OCHA joint initiative on urban Vulnerability. SIDA representative stated that Kenya is one of the few countries SIDA is supporting work on urban vulnerability and it envisages that this will continue for years to come. Ministry of Local Government, Ministry of Housing, UN Habitat and NGOs participated. The Urban Vulnerability Assessment and Monitoring Technical Working Group, constituted at the Naivasha workshop is progressing with its main object of developing a multi-sectorial/multi-dimensional assessment tool. A detailed TOR with a workplan has been developed and translated into proposals, with a timeline that will see a framework developed by November 2010. Consultations with various government ministries are on-going. Agriculture and Livestock The Ministry of Agriculture says Aflatoxin contamination has affected 2.3 million 90kg bags of maize in Eastern Province. The MoA issued a national alert to all Provincial Directors of Agriculture and District Agricultural Officers to mitigate against possible Aflatoxin outbreak by up-scaling campaigns on proper post harvest management as early as January 2010. However, unseasonal rains in February 2010 and early onset of the Long Rains caught farmers unprepared and the poor storage facilities further exposed maize stocks to the contamination. Aflatoxins are poisonous chemical when consumed by humans can lead to serious short-term and long term illness, as well as death. Longer

term chronic or cumulative effects on health include induction of cancers and Immune Deficiency. High risk commodities include maize, rice, nuts and pulses. Fungal development takes place before and after harvest and particularly when harvesting takes place under high humidity and warm weather conditions. This is exacerbated by improper drying, poor storage, exposure to moisture and insect damage/activity. The Ministry of Agriculture, has advised for mopping up of contaminated maize from farmers through National Cereal

Source: Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)

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Produce Board (NCPB). Prevention measures are already being put in place by the Ministry of agriculture and the FAO to reduce the risk of further contamination of the upcoming good harvests expected from the Long Rains Season.

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Food Security The Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) hosted a workshop in Mombasa on the upcoming food security assessments in urban settings and on the Long Rains assassments. The assessment in urban settings is the first of its kind and will take place over the month of July. The workshop analyzed the urban food security issues using the common conceptual framework – based on four pillars (Availability, Access, Stability and Utilization) . Sectoral assessment checklists for the assessment were developed. Participants also agreed to a sample frame, level of disagregation and unit of analysis. Urban areas in which the assessments will be conducted include Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Eldoret, Kisii, Garissa, Wajir, Mbeere, Kwale, Malindi, Kapenguria/West Pokot, Mairgat/Baringo. The workshop also prepared for the Long Rains Assessment expected to start end July 2010.

Food Security improvements strengthened across all livelihood areas because of good rains received since the onset of the Long Rains in March 2010. However parts of southeastern lowlands and areas that adversely suffered from severe flooding experience a stalled improvement. Whilst there is notable improvement in food security in pastoral areas, Fewsnet report that insecurity in Marsabit, and high tensions along the Somalia border (Wajir, Mandera and Garissa) disrupt markets and delivery of humanitarian assistance. In Wajir, there is a notable increase in commercial food prices attributed to the closure of Kenya-Somalia border. Prices of sugar, spaghetti and rice are increasing. In Marsabit, milk availability decreased by 60% compared to

previous month. The decrease was attributed to livestock migration from homesteads due to cessation of rains in early May 2010. As a result, children under 5 at risk of malnutrition increased to 23.5 % in May from 21.8 % recorded in April 2010. Current Estimated Food Security Conditions, June 2010, Fewsnet

Health & Nutrition The Health and Nutrition meeting in May raised concerns about the lack of proper storage facilities for agricultural products leading to health issues such as the recent Aflotoxin crisis and to food waste contributing to food insecurity. Cholera outbreaks continue to affect thousands of Kenyans. Since January 2010, Cholera has cumulatively affected 33 Districts nationwide with a total of 3086 cases and 60 deaths (CFR of 1.9%). The outbreak has been controlled in 24 Districts. A total of 139 cases and 13 deaths (CFR of 9.4%) have been reported in June 2010 alone. Cholera in Kenya is associated with structural problems – lack of water facilities, limited health facilities, poverty- and addressing symptoms of the disease alone is not yielding results. A Stakeholders workshop on Cholera response was organized by the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (MPHS) on 27 & 28 May in Naivasha, and mapped a cross-sectorial resources and challenges in addressing Cholera in Kenya.

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WASH At the Water Environmental and Sanitation Coordination (Wescoord) Group Meeting on 24 May FAO

briefed about a study on emergency water trucking (EWT) conducted in the arid and semi-arid lands. It

was noted that humanitarian organizations have increased the use of EWT in ASALS of Kenya for the

last five years especially during drought-related emergencies,and that EWT intervention is a very

expensive, highly administratively. EWT should only be employed as the last resort in providing water

when human life is at risk to provide water for livestock in remote areas with pastures but with no water.

Wescoord is concerned that EWT is being implemented without any harmonized approach and with

varying degrees of success, effectiveness and efficiency across ASAL districts in Kenya due to lack of

national or district standards and guidelines. The study reveal that factors driving the increase EWT

range from genuine needs of eligible groups to political and commercial interests. It also highlight that

the readily available funds from Government and donors fuel the dependency syndrome on

humanitarian assistance by communities. The alternatives to EWT recommended by the study include:

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Re-location of people to places near a more reliable water source, investment in more

permanent ground water sources e.g. boreholes or deep wells,

Improve water harvesting in ASALS,

Consideration of a combination of technologies, undertake a cost-benefit analysis for piping

water to settlements or centers

Consideration of using drought contingency boreholes and enforcing the law.

Protection The National Protection Working Group, chaired by the Ministry of Justice met on 17 June where a revised draft TOR for the Working Group on Internal Displacement was presented. Members were asked to take a critical look at the proposed text and revert to UNHCR by the 30th June 2010. Particular attention was drawn to the proposed expanded scope of work– gradually shifting from displacement to other protection related matters (such as SGBV and child protection). The agencies were also asked to comment on the future status of the Legal Aid Sub-group which supported the drafting of the national IDP Policy. The PWG also noted that there is a need to establish linkages with the other working groups such as SGBV and Child protection through participation of the focal points. Peace Net noted that there is a need for establishment of the similar field coordination (PWG) in the area of Upper Eastern that also witnesses high displacement numbers. The Nakuru PWG met on 22 May and raised concern about the humanitarian situation of evictees from the Mau Forest. The Kenya Red Cross Society reported that an assessment of Mau evictees was conducted in May where an estimated 30, 000 people were found to be living in sub-standard conditions in 11 camps. The third eviction from the Mau is expected to put more pressure on the nearby host communities. Refugees Kenya hosts 393,368 refugees of which 276,109 are in overcrowded Dadaab camps, 71,158 in Kakuma and 46,101 in Nairobi. The refugee influx has grown by almost 75% since 2007, with the majority of refugees coming from Somalia.

. Source: UNHCR Conflict in Pastoralist areas The National Steering Group reported a series of conflict in pastoral areas between April and June 2010. Conflict in often associated a jostle over water and pasture, the traditional practice of cattle raid, and more recently with disputes over newly demarcated administrative boundaries.

In Marsabit Central District, in Jirime location about 20 Rendile Moran raided Gabra cattle in field grazing near Manyata Daba and stole 110 head of cattle. The livestock were recovered but in the process, three home guards were ambushed and killed.

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In Wajir East district, Kutulo location on 8th May 2010, conflict erupted between members of the Fai sub-clan of Degodia clan and Gareh clan of Kutulo location. One man from the Fai sub-clan was seriously injured and brought to Wajir District hospital for treatment. It is alleged that the conflict was initiated by the Gareh clan members and is related to administrative boundary dispute. The Wajir East District Peace Committee, Wajir Peace and Development Agency (WPDA) & Wajir East District Intelligence Security Committee intervened to restore calm.

In Mandera, following a dispute between the Gureeh and Degodia clans differed on 7th April 2010 over administrative land boundaries, a seven-year old was raped and killed.

Disaster Management The Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) organised a National Disaster Risk Management Capacity Training on 7-18 June in Mombasa. Member states in the IGAD region face similar disasters which have driven IGAD to develop a regional disaster risk management strategy that promotes integrated and collaborative efforts to address disaster risks. Due to the commonality and cross border effects of hazards in the region, IGAD has come up with a regional disaster risk management strategy in an effort advance an integrated and collaborative efforts to address disaster risks. As part of the implementation of the regional strategy, necessary actions were taken to elaborate the strategic areas and develop a Regional Programme for Enhancing Disaster Risk Management Capacity. A Regional Disaster Risk Management Programme was developed and endorsed with seven main areas of focus. 1. Development of disaster preparedness strategies and the contingency planning process; 2. Elaboration of supporting policies, legislation and agreements for disaster risk management; 3. Improvement of regional collaboration for preparedness and response; 4. Strengthening of early warning and information systems and vulnerability analysis; 5. Development of education and training for disaster mitigation; 6. Improving preparedness for impact and needs assessment and resource mobilisation; and 7. Improving preparedness for targeting, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of relief and rehabilitation assistance. In all the seven strategic areas, gender equality and women’s empowerment was identified as a cross cutting issues.

For more information, please contact OCHA Kenya:

Jeanine Cooper, Head of Office, +254 (20)7625155, cooper1@un.org

Patrick Lavandhomme, Deputy Head of Office, +254 (20)7625148, lavandhomme@un.org

Thandie Mwape, Humanitarian Affairs Officer/ Reporting & Analysis, +254 (20)762 5316, mwapet@un.org

Alfred Nabeta, Desk Officer, Africa I Section, OCHA-New York, +1 917 367 2649, nabeta@un.org