Oceanography

Vocabulary 1Make a flapbook for the following words. They begin on p.471 in your text book.1. Global ocean2. Sea3. Oceanography4. Sonar5. Continental margin6. Deep-ocean basin7. Trench 8. Abyssal plain

The Water Planet

•Almost 3/4s of the Earth is covered beneath a body of salt water called the GLOBAL OCEAN• The GLOBAL OCEAN contains more than 97% of all the

water on Earth.•5 major oceans (in order from largest to smallest):

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic•A SEA is a body of water smaller than an ocean and

may be partially surrounded by land.

The Water Planet

• Insert map of oceans and seas

Features of the Ocean Floor

•Ocean floor can be divided into 2 major areas:•CONTINENTAL MARGINS and DEEP-OCEAN BASIN•Continental Margins are shallow parts of the ocean

floor on continental crust•Deep-Ocean Basins are deep parts made of oceanic

crust

Features of the Ocean Floor

• Insert picture of ocean floor

Continental Margins

•Continental Margins are the areas of ocean floor that surround land. • They are typically shallow (max 60m deep) and

sloping

Deep-Ocean Basins

• These are the deep and broadest parts of the ocean.•Deep Ocean Basins contain broad, flat plains,

submerged volcanoes, mountain ranges, and deep trenches.• Trenches are long, narrow depressions.• The Mariana Trench in the Pacific is more than 11,000

meters deep and is the deepest point on Earth• Trenches form when one plate subducts under another

Deep-Ocean Basins

•Abyssal Plains are the vast, flat areas of the Deep Ocean Basin.• Layers of sediment (often called ‘ocean snow’ cover

the abyssal plains.

Brain Pop! The Ocean Floor

Review

•Questions p. 478 • #1,2,4,6

•Directed Reading Review Packet• Choose 30 questions to answer

Vocabulary 2

Make a flapbook for the following terms. They begin on p.4931. Salinity2. Pack ice3. Thermocline4. Density

Ocean Water

•Pure water is tasteless, odorless, and colorless.•Ocean water is NOT pure, it contains many solids and gases that are dissolved (suspended) within it.

Dissolved Gases

•Gases (such as Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen) enter the oceans directly from the atmosphere, from rivers, from underwater volcanoes, and from marine organisms•Temperature of the water affects the amount of gas that dissolves in water…

Dissolved Gases Mini-Lab

•Question: Which water sample will lose more gas, hot or cold?•Hypothesis: I think that the _________ water will

lose more gas.•Materials/Procedure: Fill each cup with 100 mL of

club soda (one room temperature, one chilled). Observe both for 5 min and write down anything you see (bubbles signify gas is escaping).•Result: Which sample (hot or cold lost more gas?)

Mini-Lab Questions

1. What was the independent variable (what did you change)?

2. What was the dependent variable (what changed as a result)?

3. Describe what happened in each cup and why you think that?

Temperature and Dissolved Gases

•Gases dissolve easily in colder water and escape more quickly in warmer water•A lot of CO2 escapes from the warmer, equatorial oceans and back into the atmosphere.

Salinity

• Salinity is the measure of the amount of dissolved salts and other solids in a liquid.• Ocean water is about 3% salt.• Factors that change salinity:• Precipitation (rain and snow) adds to the amount of fresh

water, therefore making the water LESS salty or lower in salinity• Evaporation/Freezing reduces the amount of fresh water,

therefore making the water more salty, or higher in salinity

Salinity

• Insert Salinity Map/Diagram

Temperature

• Ocean temperatures vary depending on depth and location and solar energy and ocean movement• Surface Water is about the first 300 m of the ocean from the

top.• Surface water is relatively constant, decreasing slightly as is it

gets deeper• Surface water at the equator are about 30 degrees warmer

than the surface water at the poles due to more solar energy.

Thermocline

•The thermocline is a region of ocean water where the temperature drops with an increase in depth faster than it does in all other layers of the ocean.•The thermocline is a distinct layer that separates the warmer surface water from the cold deep water.

Thermocline

•Why do you think it gets colder as depth increases?

Deep Water

•In the deep zones of the ocean, temperature is usually about 2 degrees Celsius. •The colder the water, the denser the water.

Density of Ocean Water

•Density is the mass of a substance divided by its volume.•Density of pure water is 1 g/cm cubed.•Different liquids have different densities•Density video clip•2 factors that affect the density of ocean water are Salinity and Temperature…

Salinity Lab!

Temperature Lab!

Color—Why is the Ocean Blue??

Directed Reading Review Packet

Vocabulary 3

Create a flapbook for the following terms, they begin on p.519.1. Current2. Surface current3. Coriolis Effect4. Gyre5. Gulf Stream6. Deep Current

Ocean Currents

The water in the ocean moves in giant streams called CURRENTS.

Currents that move on or near the surface are called SURFACE CURRENTS. They are driven by winds, the Coriolis Effect, and the location of the continents.

Wind is created by the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun, which causes changes in density.

Surface Currents can be warm or cold.

Gyres

Global wind belts and the Coriolis Effect cause huge circles of moving water called GYRES.

In the Northern Hemisphere, gyres flow to the right, in the Southern Hemisphere, gyres flow to the left.

Major Surface Currents

Equatorial Currents—warm currents located near the equator

Antarctic Circumpolar Current or West Wind Drift—largest current in the world. Located in the Southern Hemisphere.

Gulf Stream—In the North Atlantic, warm water current.

Major Surface Currents

Map of major surface currents

Deep Currents

Deep Currents are cold, dense currents far below the surface.

Deep currents move more slowly than surface currents

Deep currents are driven by density of the ocean water

Bill Nye Ocean Currents!

Roaming Rubber Duckies

Maps in Action p.542, Answer 1-7.

Flotsam and Jetsam

Directed Reading Review Packet

Extra Credit Opportunity!

Watch either of the following movies and make a list of all of the items related to oceans, oceanography! Also include a paragraph summary of how the movie used the science of oceanography.Movie Choices:--Finding Nemo--Castaway10 test points for each movie! Due 2nd week of May.