Ocean Floor Chapter 23. How much of the earth is covered by water?
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Transcript of Ocean Floor Chapter 23. How much of the earth is covered by water?
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Ocean Floor
Chapter 23
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Name the five oceans on earth?
The ____________ Ocean
The ____________ Ocean
The ___________ Ocean
The ___________ Ocean
The ____________ Ocean
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Earths’ oceans
PAAIS
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What’s under all that water???
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If you could drain all the water…
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es2301/es2301page03.cfm
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The earths crust of course!Composed of the igneous rock basalt
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What does the ocean crust look like?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxFazy_vDhE touring the ocean floor
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Oceanic Crust is the same as the continental crust: it has
mountains, canyons, hills, valleys ridges, plains …
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23.2 Passive and Active Continental Margins
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Profile of a PASSIVE continental margin:they are Not located at a plate boundary
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The shallow, continental shelf can extend for many miles
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Passive = peaceful, beaches
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U.S. East coast has a very wide PASSIVE continental shelf
On your map, find and shade passive continental margins turquois blue.
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Gulf of Mexico has passive margins consisting of MILES of continental shelf and shallow seas
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Continental shelf
East coast of S. America
Australia
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Where does the continent stop and the ocean floor begin??
The continental shelf and continental slope are attached to the continent,
Where as the sediments of the continental rise sits on the ocean floor.
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Often there is a steep, deep drop off at the edge of the continental shelf to the ocean floor.
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Abyssal plains
• Are extremely level.
• They are the flattest places on earth!
• cover about one-half of the deep-ocean floor.
• The flatness of these plains is the result of the accumulation of a blanket of sediments, up to 5 kilometers thick!
(which overlies the basaltic rocks of the oceanic crust.)
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Abyssal plains are large flat basin with little of no slope.The rugged ocean floor is filled-in and smoothed by
layers and layers of sediment.
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Just as a heavy snowfall covers all the features of the street,
Sediment covers all the rugged features on the ocean floor smoothing it flat
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Thousands of seamounts dot the
ocean floor.
Sea mounts = under the sea volcanic mountains
Smaller hills punctuate the abyssal plains are most common in the
Atlantic Ocean
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The Hawaiian Island arc are part of a long chain of seamounts
that stick out above the water in the Pacific Ocean
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Ocean ridges rise above the ocean floor and contains many faults and fractures.
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At mid-ocean ridges volcanic vents spew smoke and hot gases, and heat the surrounding water where a few types of marine life can survive
and flourish.
Hydro-thermal vents
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XotF9fzo4Vo
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Where are the sandy beaches and shallow water?
Instead, steep, rocky slopes
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Mountains and volcanoes are found along ACTIVE continental margins where the dense ocean
crust is forced under the continental crust.At CONVERGENT boundaries
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The U.S. Pacific coast is an ACTIVE continental margin that has steep rocky
mountains with little beaches.
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The Andes Mountains in South America are the worlds longest mountain range. It is an active continental margin.
The Peru-Chili TRENCH runs along the western edge of the continent
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Active continental margins have steep slopes and deep trenches
Steep continental slope
Deep trench
Coastal mountains
What feature is missing????
Abyssal plain
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Deep trenches are located around the Pacific ocean – Color those Dark Blue
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• It's the deepest spot in the world!• "Grand Canyon of the Pacific”• It’s 1,580 miles long and 43 miles wide.• It is 11,033 meters, 36,201 feet or 6.86 miles deep (below sea level)• The pressure at the deepest part of the Mariana Trench is over 8 tons per square
inch.
(compared to 14 pounds/sq. in. on the surface) .• If Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth, were placed in the trench it would
be covered by over one mile of water!
The Mariana Trench
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How deep is it?
Mariana Trench
Is the deepest
Place on the
Earth!
Mt. Everest could fit in the Mariana Trench and still not stick out above the water!
29,000 ft
36,200 ft (6.8 miles!)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2tm40uMhDI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5DG5Eup9sshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0mBG0LbAoqk
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Match that ocean feature!
1. Under sea volcanoes.
2. Flattest part of the ocean.
3. Deepest places in the ocean.
4. Shallow water at edge of a continent.
5. Margin where earthquakes and volcanoes occur.
6. Where the magma pushes up.
7. 43,000 miles long!
8. Where the continent ends.
a. Active margin
b. Passive margin
c. Ridge
d. Rift valley
e. Trench
f. Seamount
g. Abyssal plain
h. Continental rise
i. Continental shelf
j. Continental slope
5
7
6
3
1
2
4
8
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The west coast of the U.S. has steep, sloping canyons
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Monterey, CaliforniaA submarine canyon
Page 508-509
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Erosion of soil/sediment due to water forms canyons
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Monterey Bay, California
Monterey Canyon at over two miles is twice as deep as Arizona’s Grand Canyon.
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Name that feature!
________
________
ECDH
AFBG
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Bell work1. Where is new ocean floor being created?
2. Where is ocean floor being destroyed (recycled)?
3. Where is new land being added to continents?
a. Abyssal plainb. Trenchesc. Continental sloped. Mid-ocean ridges
d. ridges
b. trenches
c. Continental slope
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Video Quiz on ocean features
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Bell workWhat percent of salt does the ocean contain?
___________% salt
What body of water is the saltiest?
What percent? ___________%