Occupational Health Work and Health : IS there any relation between work and health?

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Transcript of Occupational Health Work and Health : IS there any relation between work and health?

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Occupational Health

Work and Health:

IS there any relation between work and health?

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Occupational hazards

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Definitions (WHO,ILO)

Occupational H. is the promotion & maintenance of highest degree of physical, mental & social wellbeing of workers in all occupations. It includes:

1-Promotion & maintenance of H.2-Prevent departures from H. caused by

working conditions3-Protection from risks due to working

conditions4-Placement of workers in appropriate

physiological & psychological Env. 5-Rehabilitation & compensation of disabled

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Ergonomics (human engineering) (ergon =work, nomos=law)

*Definition: fitting job to worker. *It involves:-Design of machine, tools, equipment &

manufacturing processes-Lay-out of place of work, methods of

work & Env. *Objectives:-Best mutual adjustment between man &

his work-Improvement of human efficiency & well-

being-Decrease work accidents

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Occupational Env.

*Def.: Sum of external conditions & influences that prevail in work place & can affect H. of workers.

It complements domestic Env.*3 types of interaction:-Man & physical, chemical & biological

agents-Man & machine (accident)-Man & man (psychosocial factors)

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Occupational (industrial) Medicine:

*Is a primarily a branch of preventive medicine with therapeutic functions

*It deals with:-H. problems of peoples working in

industry-Study work Env. & its impact on H. of

workers-H. promotion for workers through

prevention & control of H. hazards

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Occupat. MedicineGeneral Medicine

Deals with workerDeals with general population

Deals with healthyDeals with diseased

Field work is at plantField work at hospital/clinic

Many medical exam. (pre-employment, periodic, post-sickness)

Single ordinary clinical examination

Occupational dis. must be compensated

General dis. not compensated

Deals with Env. HNot deals with Env. H.

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CauseHazardsWorkPhysical: Heat

Heat & humidity

Cold

Noise

Poor light

Intense light

Intense

heat/light

Vibration

Radiation

Heat stroke

Heat exhaustion

Frostbite

Impaired hearing

Nystagmus

Eye strain

Cataract

Raynaud

Radiation effects

Steel foundry

Textile

Cold storage

Drilling operations

Mines

Precision work

Welding

Pneumatic drill

Radioactive mines

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CauseHazardsWork

Chemical: Dyes

Acid/alkali

Gases/fumes

Dust

Dermatosis

Burns

Asphyxia, death

Pneumoconiosis

Paints, dyes

Chemical

Chemical

Construction

Mechanical:

Friction

Flying objects

Callosities

Injury

Coal, oil workers

Moving machine

Biological: Brucella

Cl. Tetani,

Rabies virus

Brucellosis

Tetanus

Rabies

Agriculture

Hunters, vetern.

Psychological:

Disharmony

Depression

Accidents

Injury

Any work

Any work

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Occupational Hazards (community level)

1-Increase social diseases : STD, TB

2-Poor env. Sanitation: slums, industrial wastes

3-Poor mental H. increase crimes & accidents

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General methods of prevention of occupational diseases

- The main aim is to eliminate the HAZARD. - If this is not possible, we try to eliminate

the RISK i.e. eliminate the possibility that the HAZARD can induce Health effects.

- The preventive program includes: Environmental (engineering) measures

Medical measures.

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Environmental (engineering) measures:- Substitution .- Isolation .- Segregation .- Ventilation .- Environmental monitoring .- Assurance of Ergonomics in the

work place .- Uses of personal protective

equipments.

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Medical Measures:

. Pre-employment medical examination.

. Periodic medical examination.

. Personal protective devices.

. Health education.

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Occupational H. team

1-Occupational physician2-Occupational hygienist3-Occupational nurse

4- Epidemiologist5- Ergonomist6- Safety engineer7- Lawyer

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Duties of Occupational physician:1-Medical examination: -Pre-employment-Periodic -Post-sickness2-Medical care: -1st aid measures-Medical treatment -Medical

rehabilitation3-Supervision of workplace Env.4-Supervision of personal protective

measures5-Supervision of hygienic facilities in factory6-Supevision of nutrition of workers7-H. Ed.

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Occupational health program

- Pre employment medical examination.- Survey of the work environment.- Periodic medical examination.- Special examination.- Medical care.- First aid facilities.- Disability evaluation.

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Occupational health program

- Rehabilitation.- Plant sanitation.- Health education.- Keep up of medical records.- Study & control of absenteeism.

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Some at-risk occupational groups

Medical profession 1-Radiation:-Artificial ultraviolet and infrared rays in physiotherapy. - Ionizing radiation in radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy.

2- Chemical exposure: handling chemicals used in disinfection and sterilization may cause contact dermatitis.

Some at-risk occupational groups

Medical profession 1-Radiation:-Artificial ultraviolet and infrared rays in physiotherapy. - Ionizing radiation in radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy.

2- Chemical exposure: handling chemicals used in disinfection and sterilization may cause contact dermatitis.

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3- Biological exposure :- Inhalation infection: due to contact with cases of respiratory infection. - Contact infection: on handling infective or contaminated materials as blood (HBV, HCV, HIV).

4-Psychosocial risks: a- Worry, stress and tension of work. b- Faulty: Cigarette smoking. Sedentary life and lack of physical exercise. Lack of recreation.

3- Biological exposure :- Inhalation infection: due to contact with cases of respiratory infection. - Contact infection: on handling infective or contaminated materials as blood (HBV, HCV, HIV).

4-Psychosocial risks: a- Worry, stress and tension of work. b- Faulty: Cigarette smoking. Sedentary life and lack of physical exercise. Lack of recreation.

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Farmers and Agriculture workers

1-Work accidents: on using agricultural articles and machinery.

2- Physical Agents: Prolonged exposure to heat and sun during summer may cause sunstroke . Exposure to cold during winter may predispose to respiratory diseases. Ultraviolet rays of sun affects skin and eyes long term exposure may cause skin malignancy.

Farmers and Agriculture workers

1-Work accidents: on using agricultural articles and machinery.

2- Physical Agents: Prolonged exposure to heat and sun during summer may cause sunstroke . Exposure to cold during winter may predispose to respiratory diseases. Ultraviolet rays of sun affects skin and eyes long term exposure may cause skin malignancy.

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3- Chemical Agents:

Application of chemicals (insecticides and pesticides) exposes farmers to many health hazards depending on the type of the used chemical duration of exposure and route of entry (inhalation, contact and occasionally ingestion)

Using the empty containers of insecticides for filling water or other purposes is potentially risky.

3- Chemical Agents:

Application of chemicals (insecticides and pesticides) exposes farmers to many health hazards depending on the type of the used chemical duration of exposure and route of entry (inhalation, contact and occasionally ingestion)

Using the empty containers of insecticides for filling water or other purposes is potentially risky.

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3-Biological Agents: a- zoonotic infections : due to handling infected animals. Contact zoonoses : determatophytoses, wounded infection (commonly staphylococcal sepsis, occasionally tetanus and rarely gas gangrene). Parasitic disease: bilhariziasis and ancylostomiasis. b- Allergy: due to inhalation of biological allergens present in air as pollen, wool, animal hair and others. c- Farmers’ lung disease caused by inhalation of spore-bearing dust, hay and straw.

3-Biological Agents: a- zoonotic infections : due to handling infected animals. Contact zoonoses : determatophytoses, wounded infection (commonly staphylococcal sepsis, occasionally tetanus and rarely gas gangrene). Parasitic disease: bilhariziasis and ancylostomiasis. b- Allergy: due to inhalation of biological allergens present in air as pollen, wool, animal hair and others. c- Farmers’ lung disease caused by inhalation of spore-bearing dust, hay and straw.

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Review questions:

-Define: Occupational H. Occupational

medicine Occupational Env. Ergonomics-Compare between occupational & general

medicine-Enumerate different occupational hazards-What are the duties of occupational

physicians-Full account on occupational hazards

among: *Health care personnel *Farmers & agricultural workers

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