Occupational Health & Safety - HS Business School OHS Cert... · Occupational Health & Safety . ......

Occupational Health & Safety

Practitioner

Reading

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

January 2009

®

Contents

OVERVIEW.....................................................................................................................1

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................2

SECTION 2: PREPARING A JSA ..................................................................................6

SECTION 3: IDENTIFY HAZARDS..............................................................................11

SECTION 4: CONTROL RISKS ...................................................................................12

APPENDIX 1: WORK PLAN.........................................................................................12

APPENDIX 2: JSA FORM ............................................................................................12

Government of Western Australia Department of Commerce

Published by WorkSafe, PO Box 294, WEST PERTH WA 6872. Tel: Toll Free 1300 307 877. Email: [email protected]

® www.worksafe.wa.gov.au/institute

The SafetyLine Institute material has been prepared and published as part of Western Australia’s contribution to national OHS skills development.

© 2009 State of Western Australia. All rights reserved. Details of copyright conditions are published at the SafetyLine Institute website.

Before using this publication note should be taken of the Disclaimer, which is published at the SafetyLine Institute website.

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READING – JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

JANUARY 2009 SAFETYLINE INSTITUTE PAGE 1

OVERVIEW

This reading fully details how to undertake a Job Safety Analysis.

Objectives

After reading this information you should be able to do a Job Safety Analysis

Author Ron Greenwood This reading was originally prepared when Ron was Principal OSH Analyst & Systems Advisor at Stratex Worley Pty Ltd, Perth, Western Australia.


Section 1: INTRODUCTION

Glossary of terms When they are first used, glossary terms are indicated with an asterisk (*). Make sure that you are familiar with the Glossary of terms before going any further.

Permit to Work Formal written authority for persons, usually trades-persons, to carry out work including maintenance on plant, a building or an item of equipment.

1.1 What is a job safety analysis? A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a process of planning for work with safety an integral factor of the way the job is done. It is a method of ensuring that sufficiently skilled manpower, plant/equipment and materials/resources are allocated for a task and all persons ultimately involved are aware of and follow a safe system of work.

Photograph courtesy of West Australian Petroleum Pty. Ltd.

PAGE 2 SAFETYLINE INSTITUTE JANUARY 2009


1.2 Benefits of JSA Carrying out a Job Safety Analysis must be an important part of an organisation's safety management plan for risk management and consultative work practice processes. In keeping with occupational safety and health (OSH) legislative objectives, it facilitates the hazard identification, assessment and control strategy needed to achieve a safe system of work. In this way, it not only contributes to good safety management, but also to an increase in efficiency and productivity. In reality, making a workplace safer requires the commitment and co-operation of each employee. The Job Safety Analysis process is perhaps one of the most effective ways of enabling an individual employee to participate and work as part of a team. In fact, employees are able to make important contributions and through continuous work practice improvement, establish Best Practice initiatives. Other benefits of conducting a JSA include improved communication about safety as a continuous training medium and the confirmation of skill competency.

1.3 Work requiring a JSA Any work activity whether scheduled or unscheduled should have a Job Safety Analysis carried out, inclusive of:

Tasks that have a history of, or potential for, injury, near miss or loss related incidents.

Safety critical tasks (eg. fire, explosion, chemical spill and creation of toxic or oxygen deficient atmosphere).

Tasks carried out in new environments.

Jobs that have changed.

Tasks that have been rarely performed or where new people are performing the task.

Tasks where workplace application or environmental conditions have or may change.

Tasks performed under Permit to Work* conditions.

Tasks that may impact on the integrity or output of a processing system.



1.4 Importance of a work plan A Work Plan is always necessary, to have the scope of the work clarified and broken down into stages so that a JSA can be identified for each separate task.

KEY POINT

A work Plan is necessary to identify separate tasks that require a separate JSA.

An example Work Plan is given on the following page. In addition, a blank Work Plan is included at the end of the reading as an Appendix.



WORK PLAN Job No: 123

Supervisor: J. BLOGGS Department: Vehicle Maintenance.

Permit Holder: N/A Job Function: Motor Mechanic

Equipment No: Reg, XYZ-123 Location of Work: Perth Maintenance Workshop

Tag No: N/A

Description of Job: 10.000 Kilometre service and tune-up of Hi Lux delivery vehicle

Proposed Start Date: 15/04/98 Time: 9 AM

Task Duration: 2 hours

Tasks:

1. Change Spark Plugs and set Engine Timing

2. Change Oil and Oil Filter

3. Check Brakes and Brake Linings

4. Check Tyres and Wheel Balance

Manpower Requirements:

1. Maintenance Supervisor

2. Mechanic Apprentice

Plant & Equipment:

1. Mechanical tools and equipment:

a. Socket Set

b. Multi-Meter

c. Tool Kit ( Standard)

Chemicals/Bulk Materials: Nil



Section 2: PREPARING A JSA

Development of a JSA involves:

Resource forecasting and planning carried out simultaneously by a manager or supervisor.

Development of the JSA with the full participation of the employee(s) assigned to complete the task of work.

Review and monitoring of its implementation, carried out with the full participation of the employee(s) assigned to complete the task of work.

2.1 Resource forecasting and planning by management

Management forecasting

This involves forecasting by management of manpower/skill requirements, plant and equipment, and material resources required. This would be completed as a desktop exercise during scheduling and the initial development of the work planned.

Supervisor planning

This involves planning by the assigned supervisor, to confirm the objective of the task, timeframes, work procedure and deployment of manpower/skill; against the application of plant and equipment and material resources. This would be completed as a desktop exercise involving the selection of and assignment of personnel, and the review of historical information to identify hazard potential and control strategies.



Issues to consider

Consider the following:

Who will be responsible for supervising the work?

What exactly, is the scope of work to be done?

How might the task impact on other workplace activity?

How might the task be impacted on by other workplace activity?

Where will the job be done?

When will the job be done and how long will it take?

In what sequence will stages of work be scheduled for completion?

What are the manpower/skill requirements?

What are the plant and equipment requirements?

What chemicals or bulk materials will be required and/or require handling?

2.2 Development of JSA

Supervisor Develops JSA in Consultation with Employee(s)

Steps to follow are:

Review the scope of the job and work plan with the assigned employee(s).

Identify each task of the job and review with the assigned

employee(s). KEY POINT

JSA involves reviewing the procedures in logical steps, identifying the hazards, and assessing and controlling the risks.

Identify the procedures involved in each task to be completed.

Review the procedures in logical steps.

Identify and assess the hazards in each step.

Develop solutions to eliminate or control hazards in each step.



2.3 Monitoring and review of JSA

Supervisor Reviews Completed JSA in Consultation with Employee(s)

The completed JSA is reviewed by the supervisor, in consultation with assigned employee (s) prior to the commencement of the planned work activity. The employee(s) assigned for the task are trained in the new safe system of work. This confirms an understanding of the scope of the work, levels of employee experience and capability, and planned arrangements for the control of hazards. It also allows further employee identification and analysis of hazard potential and the opportunity to initiate additional control measures.

Implemented Safe System is Monitored

There is direct observation of the safe system by management, carried out continuously to monitor the adequacy and application of the agreed safe system of work. The JSA is reviewed and updated at the completion of the job for future reference. An example JSA is given on the following page. In addition, a blank JSA form is included at the end of the reading as an appendix.



JOB No: 123 JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS DATE: 15/04/1998

JOB DESCRIPTION: 10.000 Kilometre service and tune-up of Hi Lux delivery vehicle

START DATE: 15/04/1998 TIME: 09:00 am TASK DURATION: 2 hours

5. TASK DESCRIPTION: Change out Spark Plugs and set Engine Timing

# STEP IDENTIFIED HAZARD/LOSS

CONTROL METHOD

1 Preparation of work-space

The car could be started whilst being worked on. Car could roll. Dropping tools or parts. Tripping or slipping

Remove ignition source (Keys, coil H.T>lead). Make sure handbrake is on and car is in gear. In PARK if automatic. Chock wheels, especially if on slope. Protect mudguards with cover. Check for oil spills or obstacles in path.

2 Lift bonnet Bonnet slipping, falling. If spring loaded slipping from fingers. Hitting head. Cutting on edge of bonnet.

Wear gloves. Ensure bonnet stay is accurately placed. Hold hand on top of bonnet to control if it is spring loaded. Wear bump cap.

3 Note the plug lead location relative to the cylinder and remove.

Replacing wrong lead can cause backfire in carburettor creating fire hazards or damage to exhaust system or engine.

Place tape with cylinder number on leads

4 Remove all spark plugs.

Burns from hot engine. Oil and grease contamination. Sharp edges of cylinder head or rocker cover.

Allow engine to cool. Wear gloves. Cover edges of cylinder head or rocker cover with rags or cloth, leather or vinyl cover.

5 Identify type of spark plug.

Incorrect spark plug can cause poor performance, backfire and subsequent damage.

Check spark plug chart for correct spark plug for make and model. (Do not rely on existing plugs for information - they may be incorrect).



6 Decide whether to adjust or replace spark plugs.

7 Clean plugs if necessary.

Plug cleaner unsafe eg. Power outlet OK? Air coupling OK? Correct power installed? High voltage, check - power lead insulated OK? Removable rubber cap for spark plug fitted OK?

Check power point and lead for correct insulation. Check compressed air piping for leaks and at coupling. Check H.T. leads. Check rubber ring tight, no splits. Wear safety goggles and gloves.

8 Replace spark plugs.

See step 4. Strip thread in alloy cylinder head.

Make sure both spark plug and cylinder threads are clean. Start spark plugs by hand not socket.

9 Connect ignition leads to appropriate spark plug.

Hand slipping. Grease, oil contamination. Wrong H.T. lead on spark plug.

Wear gloves. See step 3.

10 Check for performance

Leads may be incorrectly fitted. Tools left in engine bay. Vehicle in gear. Fire if engine backfires. (N.B. some new spark plugs fail)

Do not remove taped numbers until after performance check. Use shadow board for tools or paint eg. yellow. Ensure car is in neutral or PARK if automatic. Have correct fire extinguisher handy throughout operation.

11 Clean tools and equipment.

Solvents and cleaners may be toxic and/or be highly flammable.

Read Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) carefully. Use appropriate personal protective equipment, eg face mask, respirator mask, gloves, long sleeve shirt, apron, etc. Have correct fire extinguisher close by. Clean tools in a well-ventilated area.

WORK TEAM:

NAME SIGNATURE NAME SIGNATURE

Acknowledgment: 'Right Start' Division of Workplace Health and Safety, Brisbane.



Section 3: IDENTIFY HAZARDS

The complete identification of hazards in each task procedure of the JSA is crucial. Consider the following classifications in the identification of hazard potential:

Human factors, eg. competency, training, fitness and fatigue.

Simultaneous operations.

Damage to plant & equipment and interruption to production.

Weather, visibility, lighting & noise.

Exposure to hazardous atmospheres, physical & biological agents.

Pollution to the environment.

Workplace layout, ground conditions (stability/surface/slope), access & egress.

KEY POINT

A wide-ranging consideration of all possible hazards is necessary.

Workplace signage & barricading.

Workplace amenities and first aid requirements.

Fire prevention & protection.

Personal protective equipment.

Housekeeping arrangements.

Materials handling & manual handling requirements.

Materials storage, security and recovery requirements.

Use of hazardous substances.

Electrical hazard exposure, isolations, tagging and/or lockout requirements.

Compressed gas, high-pressure air and oils, water & steam.

Suitability of standard & power operated hand tools.

Fixed & portable plant & machinery management.

Grinding, cutting, heating & welding operations.

Mobile plant operation and movement.

Excavations, holes & floor openings.

Concrete & masonry construction.

Ladders & scaffolding requirements, work at height & prevention of falls.

Confined space entry.



Section 4: CONTROL RISKS

The purpose of the JSA process is to identify opportunities for effective risk control in support of ensuring that a safe system of work is in place.

In selecting the most appropriate control method, the higher priorities of eliminating the hazard or isolating the process from the worker must be considered for implementation before any lower priority of isolating the worker (eg. issuing personal protective equipment) is considered.

KEY POINT

Any introduced control measures must be monitored to confirm their effectiveness.

Once a risk has been assessed, measures must be taken to reduce the risk to a level that is 'as low as reasonably practicable' (ALARP). OS&H Legislation may provide specific measures to control risks and these must be followed.




Information or ideas on control measures can come from:

Codes of practice

Guidance notes

Employees

Industry associations

Unions

Government agencies

Specialist practitioners/consultants

Manufacturers/suppliers

Australian Standards

Control measures must be monitored to confirm implementation has been effective.

4.1 Hierarchy of control measures

he orkplace. This is the most effective control measure.

hazard or hazardous work practice ith a less hazardous one.

practice from ersons at the workplace or the general work area.

Elimination

Removing the hazard or hazardous work practice from tw

Substitution

Substituting or replacing the w

Isolation

Isolating or separating the hazard or hazardous workp


Engineering control

If the hazard cannot be eliminated, substituted or isolated, engineering control is the next preferred measure to control the risk. It may include modifications to tools or equipment, using enclosures, guarding, mechanical ventilation or automating processes.

KEY POINT

As control measures are not mutually exclusive, on occasions more than one control measure will need to be used to reduce exposure.

Administrative control

Introducing policies, and changes in work practice and procedures that reduce the risk. This could include limiting the time employees are exposed to the hazard, reducing the number of employees exposed, rotating jobs, lockout or tag-out procedures, or prohibiting eating and drinking in contaminated areas.

Personal protective equipment

The risk control application of providing personal protective equipment should be considered only:

When other control measures are not practicable.

When used in conjunction with other methods to provide a greater measure of protection.

Where specified by legislation as a basic requirement.

Where personal protective equipment has been provided, its use must be monitored to ensure it is adequate and being worn.

APPENDICES Blank copies of the Work Plan and JSA have been included as appendices for you to print off and use in your workplace:

Work Plan - to clarify the scope of the task to be analysed (Appendix 1).

JSA Record Form (Appendix 2).



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Appendix 1

WORK PLAN Job No:

Supervisor: Department:

Permit Holder: Job Function:

Equipment No: Location of Work:

Tag No:

Description of Job:

Proposed Start Date: Time: Task Duration:

Tasks:

Manpower Requirements:

Plant & Equipment:

Chemicals/Bulk Materials:




APPENDIX 2 – JSA RECORD FORM

JOB NO: JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

DATE: ..../..../....

JOB DESCRIPTION:

START DATE: ..../..../.... TIME: ..........am/pm TASK DURATION: ............

TASK DESCRIPTION:

# STEP IDENTIFIED HAZARD/LOSS

CONTROL METHOD

1

2

3

4

5

Suggest 10 steps

ALL TEAM MEMBERS SIGN IN AGREEMENT

NAME SIGNATURE

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