Occupational Health & safety

Occupational Health & SafetyOHS

Occupational Health & Safety 2

Thought of the Day

• This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of their Lord…

• Who believe in the unseen, establish prayer, and spend out of what We have provided for them…

Al-Quran


Terms• competent person means a person who has acquired, through training,

qualification, or experience, or a combination of these, the knowledge and skills, to perform the work activity

• construction site means a place at which construction work is undertaken, and any other area in the vicinity where plant or other material used or to be used in connection with the construction work is located or kept during the construction work

• construction work means 1. Excavation or filling of trenches, ditches, shafts, wells, tunnels2. building, including the manufacturing of prefabricated elements of a

building at the place of work concerned), alteration, renovation, repair, maintenance

3. civil engineering for example, airports, harbors, waterways, river, and sea defense works, roads and highways, railways, bridges and tunnels


Terms

• hazard means a source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these

• incident means an event that has the potential to harm or injure a person or the environment

• induction training refers to several types of training dependent on whether the employee is new to the industry, new to the site, or performing a new work activity

• MSDS means a Material Safety Data Sheet• safe work method statement (SWMS)


Why it should be important to you


What Workers Are MostLikely To Be Injured?

1) Least experienced employees2) Age 16-21 20 times3) Age 21-25 10 times4) Age 26-30 4 times


Identify the Hazards?


The Numbers

• U.S. natural disaster deaths100 deaths/year on average

• U.S. workplace accidents10,000 deaths/year on average


Key preliminary findings of the 2011 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries

• Fatal work injuries in the private construction sector declined to 721 in 2011 from 774 in 2010, a decline of 7 percent and the fifth consecutive year of lower fatality counts. Fatal construction injuries are down nearly 42 percent since 2006


Number and Rate of Fatal occupational Injuries by Industry Sector 2011


What Are The Most Frequent Causes of Deaths In Construction?

• OSHA has found that 90% of all construction fatalities result from 4 types of construction accidents:– Falls from elevation 33%– Struck by equipment/falling object 22%– Caught in/between 18%– Electrical shock 17%


Construction Workers at Top of World Trade Centre

• BBC 15 May 2013• Footage has been released of

the view from the steel spire at the top of One World Trade Center in New York.

• The final section of the 408-foot (125 meter) spire was installed on top of the building last week, making the building the tallest structure in the western hemisphere, at 1,776 feet (541 m) high.


Safety Pyramid


OSHA Safety And Health Program

• OSHA’s General Industry Digest

• Four Major elements1. Management

commitment and employee involvement

2. Worksite analysis3. Hazard prevention and

control4. Safety and health training


Management Commitment And Employee Involvement

• State clearly a worksite policy on safe and healthful work and working conditions

• Establish and communicate a clear goal for the safety and health program

• Provide visible top management involvement in implementing the program

• Assign and communicate responsibility for all aspects of the program

• Provide adequate authority and resources to responsible parties

• Hold managers, supervisors, and employees accountable


Worksite Analysis• Conduct comprehensive

baseline worksite surveys for safety and health

• Analyze planned and new facilities, processes, materials, and equipment

• Perform routine job hazard analyses

• Investigate accidents and “near-miss” incidents

• Analyze injury and illness trends


Hazard Prevention And Control• Use engineering techniques where

feasible and appropriate• Establish safe work practices and

procedures• Provide personal protective

equipment (PPE) when engineering controls are not feasible

• Use administrative controls, such as reducing the duration of exposure

• Plan and prepare for emergencies, and conduct training and emergency drills

• “Second Nature”• Establish a medical program that

includes first aid onsite and emergency medical care


Safety and Health Training• Employee training• Supervisory training• Analyzing the work under

their supervision to anticipate and identify potential hazards

• Maintaining physical protections in their work areas

• Reinforcing employee training• Understanding their safety

and health responsibilities


Program Evaluation

Signs and symptoms of gaps in a program can include• Accidents or near-miss

incidents that go unreported• Accidents or near-miss

incidents that are not investigated

• The absence of a preventive maintenance program for equipment and facilities

• Employee/supervisor attitude that production supersedes safety


Employer Benefits

• Lower Workers’ Compensation Costs• Enables Employer to Ensure Restrictions Are

Followed• Sends a Message That Workers’ Compensation

Is Not a Paid Vacation• Weeds Out Employees Looking for a Free Ride• Employees Return to Their Regular Jobs More

Quickly


Employee Benefits

• Sends the Message That the Employee Is Valued

• Enhances the Employee’s Sense of Self-Worth• Eliminates the Psychological Effects of Idleness• Speeds Return to Regular Job• Provides for Rapid Resumption of Salary and

Other Interests


Accident Investigations• Benefits of conducting accident

investigations• Identifies root causes of

accidents• Creates awareness• Evidences trends• Stimulates thoughts relative to

prevention• Demonstrates management

commitment and concern• Identifies weaknesses in the

safety program• Justifies expenditures


Documenting the Accident Scene

• Written observations• Sketches• Photographs• Videotape• Acquiring witness

statements• Reviewing relevant

documentation


Ergonomics or Human Factors

• The word ergonomics comes from Greek: ergo means work and nomos means law; therefore, “ergonomos” means “law of work.”

• Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.


Safety Internet Resources• Occupational Safety and Health Administration www.osha.gov• Department of Transportation www.dot.gov• Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov• Federal Emergency Management Agency www.fema.gov• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

www.cdc.gov/niosh• Department of Labor www.dol.gov• Bureau of Labor Statistics http://stats.bls.gov• State of California OSHA CALOSHA

www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html• Professional organizations

http://www.osha.gov/

http://www.dot.gov/

http://www.epa.gov/

http://www.fema.gov/

http://www.cdc.gov/

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh

http://www.dol.gov/

http://stats.bls.gov/



http://www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html


Noise-exposed Occupations in Construction Industry

• Bricklayer• Carpenter• Concrete worker (around a

pump, vibrator, jack hammer, or powered finishing equipment)

• Driller• Drywaller (shooting track or

boarding)• Electrician• Form worker• Foreman• Framer

• Labourer• Mobile equipment operator• Pipefitter• Plumber• Roofer (shake, tar/gravel,

membrane, shingle)• Sandblaster• Steel erector• Supervisor• Truck driver• Welder/fabricator


OHSAS 18001 - Occupational Health And Safety Management System

• Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control

• Success requires strong Management of Change (MOC) procedure


OHS Planning


Operational Control


Accident, Incidents, Non-conformances & Corrective and Preventive Action

• Handle, investigate, mitigate– Accidents– Incidents– non-conformances

• Corrective and preventive actions• Review action plans through risk assessment process


Corrective and Preventive Action

• Correct immediate problem• Mitigate consequences• Eliminate or control root cause• Prevent recurrence• Review action plans through risk assessment

process• Communicate results and monitor


Exposed to fall hazard due to unprotected side/edge


The top of a stepladder shall not be used as a step


Construction Disasters The Big Blue Crane Collapse


Vehicle Monitoring System


Visual and Audio Alert Systems


Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Safety

• Automatic Safety Checking of Construction Models and Schedules


Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Safety


Using game technologies to improve the safety of construction plant operations


Real-time resource location data collection and visualization technology for construction safety and

activity monitoring applications


Real-time Resource Location Data Collection


The Safety Culture Perspective


Safety Management

Thank You

Occupational Health & safety

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Occupational Health & safety