Occupational health ppt
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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
04/08/23 1
• Harry McShane, age 16, 1908. Pulled into machinery in a factory in USA. His arm was ripped off at the shoulder and his leg broken.
• No compensation paid.
04/08/23 2
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AIM"the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations"
04/08/23 3
CONTENT• Health promotion of workers• Prevention of occupational diseases• Roles and responsibilities of occupational
health nurse• Administration of occupational health
services• International organizations• Women and occupational health• Child labour and prevention• Values at workplace
04/08/23 4
HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS
Recommendations by ILO / WHO committee on occupational health in 1953
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HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS• Nutrition• Communicable disease control• Environmental sanitation• Mental health• Measures for women and children• Health education• Family planning
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HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS
NUTRITION• Malnutrition• Canteen /250 workers• Diet and snacks at
reasonable rates• Store /dining room• Health education
04/08/23 7
HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS
COMMNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL
• Early diagnosis/Rx• Cases isolated from
working environment• Protective measures• Regular Medical checkup
& Immunisation• TB,Typhoid,hepatitis,malar
ia, venereal diseases04/08/23 8
HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERSENVIRONMENTAL
SANITATION• Water supply• Food• Toilet• General cleanliness• Space• Lighting• Ventillation/Temperature• Protection from hazards• Housing04/08/23 9
HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERSMENTAL HEALTH
• Promote health and happiness
• Detect signs of emotional stress
• Identify the cause• Treatment• Rehabilitation of the ill
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HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERSMEASURES FOR WOMEN
&CHILDREN• Maternity leave for 12 weeks
with cash benefit under ESI act• Ante/Intra/Postnatal services• Prohibition of night work• Prohibits of work underground• Crèches • No child below 14 shall be
employed04/08/23 11
HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERSHEALTH EDUCATION
• Important health promotional measure
• Provided whenever necessary• Content– Hygiene, participation
• At all levels– Management– Supervisors– Workers– Trade union leaders04/08/23 12
HEALTH PROMOTION OF WORKERS
FAMILY PLANNING• Encouraged to adopt
small family norm• Health education
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PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
• MEDICAL MEASURES
• ENGINEERING MEASURES
• LEGISLATIVE MEASURES
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MEDICAL MEASURES
• PRE PLACEMENT EXAMINATION• PERIODICAL EXAMINATION• MEDICAL & HEALTH CARE SERVICE• NOTIFICATION• SUPERVISION OF WORKING
ENVIRONMENT• MAINTANANCE & ANALYSIS OF
RECORDS• HEALTH EDUCATION &
COUNSELLING
04/08/23 15
ENGINEERING MEASURES• DESIGN OF BUILDING• GOOD HOUSEKEEPING• GENERAL VENTILATION• MECHANISATION• SUBSTITUTION• DUSTS• ENCLOSURE• ISOLATION• LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION• PROTECTIVE DEVICES• RESEARCH• STATISTICAL MONITORING• ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
04/08/23 16
LEGISLATIVE MEASURES• The Factories Act, 1948• The Employees State Insurance
Act, 1948• Mine & Mineral Act,
(Development & Regulation) Act, 1957
• Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control ) Rules, 2000
• The Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986
• The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution ) Act, 1981
• Maternity Benefit Act (1961)• Minimum wages Act04/08/23 17
THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948• Factories act enacted in 1881• The act amended in 1911, 1934, 1948, 1976, 1987• Factory: establishment employing 10 or more
workers where power is used, and 20 or more workers where power is not used.
• Prescribed working hours, holidays and employment of young men and women.
• Prohibits employment of children under 14 years• Adolescents should be duly certified by certifying
surgeons regarding fitness to work04/08/23 18
THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948
• Chapter III (Section 11-20) deals with health aspects
• Chapter IV (Section 21-40) deals with safety aspects
• Chapter V deals with welfare aspects• Chapter VI deals with work hours holidays
interval• Chapter VII deals with employment of young
person
04/08/23 19
The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948• Provides cash and medical benefits to industrial
employees in case of sickness, maternity and employment injury.
• Administration by ESI Corporation• The Union minister for labour :chairman
Secretary Ministry of labour : vice chairman• 4 principal officers– Insurance commissioner– Medical commissioner– Finance commissioner– Actuary
04/08/23 20
The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948Benefits to employees
• Medical benefit• Sickness benefit• Maternity benefit• Disablement benefit• Dependent benefit• Funeral expense• Rehabilitation
allowance
Benefits to employers• Exemption from the applicability
of Workmen's Compensation Act 1923
• Exemption from Maternity Benefit Act 1961
• Exemption from payment of Medical allowance to employees and their dependants or arranging for their medical care
• Rebate under the Income Tax Act on contribution deposited in the ESI Account
• Healthy work-force.04/08/23
The Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986
• Child (under 14 years) labour is prohibited in India under The Child Labour (Prohibition And Regulation) Act, 1986.
• It includes work in a shop, commercial establishment, work-shop, farm, residential hotel, restaurant, eating-house, theatre or other place of public amusement or entertainment
04/08/23 22
ROLES AND RESPOSIBILITIES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE
• Prevention of occupational injury and disease
• Promotion of health and work ability• Improving environmental health
management
04/08/23 23
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE
• Clinician• Specialist• Manager • Coordinator • Adviser • Health educator • Counselor• Researcher 04/08/23 24
ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
• CENTRAL LEVEL
• STATE LEVEL
• VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS
04/08/23 25
ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
• CENTRAL LEVEL– The director general for factory inspection and advisory
services– The government departments of labour and health and
the Board of mines– The atomic energy commission– Central labour institute at Mumbai and regional labour
institutes in Kanpur, Kolkata and Chennai.
04/08/23 26
ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
• STATE LEVEL– No occupational health division in state health
directorate except Uttar Pradesh– State responsibilities are vested in Chief inspector of
factories
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ADMINISTRATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
• VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS– Tata institute of industrial hygiene– Society of Industrial Medicine.– Also certain political association work for the welfare of
workers like,
04/08/23 28
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS• The International Labour Organization• Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
(Canada)• Congressional Office of Compliance (US)• European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU)• Government & Educational OHS Resources (Australia)• Health and Safety Executive (UK)• Health for Work Adviceline for small businesses (UK)• Information Center of Occupational Safety and Health
(Israel)• Workplace Safety & Health Council, Singapore
04/08/23 29
The International Labour Organization
• The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency in relationship with the United Nations,
• Comprises the International Labour Conference, the Governing Body, and the International Labour Office.
• Conference meets annually, is composed of national representatives of government, management, and labour
• Principal function is to formulate international labour standards in the form of Conventions and of Recommendations. It may also record its decisions in the form of resolutions which is accepted by member countries
04/08/23 30
WELFARE ORGANISATION OF EMPLOYEES
• Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)
• Centre of Indian trade unions (CITU)
04/08/23 31
WOMEN AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
• Women's jobs have specific characteristics• Equipment and schedules designed in relation
to the average male body• Low wages• Sexual harassment at work place• Discrimination against women • Excluded from many health-promoting
benefits • Increased responsibility on household works• The laws of labour are male oriented 04/08/23 32
Global Commission Report• Issues should be examined within the context of gender specific analyses• identify the specific occupational health risks of particular industries, • Women's work in the informal sector, in agriculture and in the home has to
be conceptualized and measured • specific occupational health risks of women are to be addressed.• studies to identify and assess occupational health risks should be extended.• Legislation addressing women's occupational health needs should be
reassessed• International agreement about the classification of reproductive hazards
(such as chemicals) and on the precautions needed to protect both men and women from those hazards, should be developed.
• collaboration on the part of the various international agencies concerned, such as WHO and ILO.
• Interdisciplinary research with a strong social science component.
33
VALUES AT WORKPLACECharacteristics of people at a work place• Different genders• Diverse ethnic, racial and cultural backgrounds• Different ages and experiences• Different abilities• Different religions• Different languages• Different family structures• Different educational backgrounds• Different work and life experiences04/08/23 34
VALUES AT WORKPLACE1. Believe in yourself and your
values.2. Know your rights as well as
duties3. Be responsible, sincere and
honest in your work.4. Be acknowledgeable to
superiors and kind towards subordinates.
5. Don’t compromise justice6. Be a learner.7. Be an advocate for others
when situation calls.
8. Be sensitive to the impact you have on others.
9. Respect others‘ dignity, values , beliefs and feelings.
10. Communicate honestly.11. Never harass or accept the
harassment of others. 12. Confront prejudices and
stereotypes that demean or exclude people
13. Accept our mistakes and don’t blame it on others.
14. Excuse others mistake, all are humans
04/08/23 35
Thank You
04/08/23 36