Occlusal radiography. Terminology and classification I.Maxillary occlusal projections Upper...
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Transcript of Occlusal radiography. Terminology and classification I.Maxillary occlusal projections Upper...
Occlusal radiographyOcclusal radiography
Terminology and classificationTerminology and classification
I.Maxillary occlusal projectionsI.Maxillary occlusal projections
Upper standard occlusal (standard Upper standard occlusal (standard occlusal)occlusal)
Upper oblique occlusal (oblique occlusal)Upper oblique occlusal (oblique occlusal)
Vertex occlusal (vertex occlusal)Vertex occlusal (vertex occlusal)
II.Mandibular occlusal projectionsII.Mandibular occlusal projections
Lower 90 degrees occlusal (true occlusal)Lower 90 degrees occlusal (true occlusal)
Lower 45 degrees occlusal (standard Lower 45 degrees occlusal (standard occlusal)occlusal)
Lower oblique occlusal (oblique occlusal)Lower oblique occlusal (oblique occlusal)
Standard maxillary occlusalStandard maxillary occlusal
Standard maxillary occlusalStandard maxillary occlusal
Main clinical indicationsMain clinical indications
Periapical assessment of the upper anterior Periapical assessment of the upper anterior teeth in patients unable to tolerate periapical teeth in patients unable to tolerate periapical filmsfilms
Detecting the presence of unerupted canines, Detecting the presence of unerupted canines, supernumeraries and odontomessupernumeraries and odontomes
As the midline view, when using the parallax As the midline view, when using the parallax method for determining the bucco/palatal method for determining the bucco/palatal position of unerupted canines position of unerupted canines
Evaluation of the size and extent of lesions Evaluation of the size and extent of lesions such as cysts or tumors in the anterior such as cysts or tumors in the anterior maxillamaxilla
Assessment of fractures of the anterior Assessment of fractures of the anterior teeth and alveolar bone, especially useful teeth and alveolar bone, especially useful for childrenfor children
Upper oblique occlusalUpper oblique occlusal
Upper oblique occlusalUpper oblique occlusal
Main clinical indicationsMain clinical indications
Periapical assessment of the upper Periapical assessment of the upper posterior teeth, especially in adults unable posterior teeth, especially in adults unable to tolerate posterior periapical filmsto tolerate posterior periapical films
Evaluation of the size and extent of lesions Evaluation of the size and extent of lesions in the posterior maxillain the posterior maxilla
Assessment of the condition of the antral Assessment of the condition of the antral floorfloor
Determination of the position of roots Determination of the position of roots displaced inadvertently into the antrum displaced inadvertently into the antrum during attempted extraction of upper during attempted extraction of upper posterior teethposterior teeth
Assessment of fractures of the posterior Assessment of fractures of the posterior teeth and associated alveolar bone teeth and associated alveolar bone including the tuberosityincluding the tuberosity
Clinical indications- assessment of the Clinical indications- assessment of the bucco/palatal position unerupted caninesbucco/palatal position unerupted canines
Disadvantages:Disadvantages:
- There is a lack of detail and contrast on - There is a lack of detail and contrast on the film because of the intensifying the film because of the intensifying screens, the mass of tissues the X-ray screens, the mass of tissues the X-ray beam has to penetrate and the beam has to penetrate and the consequent scatterconsequent scatter
DisadvantagesDisadvantages The primary X-ray beam may be in direct line The primary X-ray beam may be in direct line
with the reproductive organswith the reproductive organs A relatively long exposure time is neededA relatively long exposure time is needed (about 1 second) despite the use of intensifying (about 1 second) despite the use of intensifying
screensscreens There is direct radiation to the pituitary gland There is direct radiation to the pituitary gland
and the lens of the eyeand the lens of the eye If the X-ray beam is positioned too far anteriorly, If the X-ray beam is positioned too far anteriorly,
superimposition of the shadow of the frontal superimposition of the shadow of the frontal bones may obscure the anterior part of the bones may obscure the anterior part of the maxillamaxilla
Lower 90 degrees occlusalLower 90 degrees occlusal
Main clinical indicationsMain clinical indications Detection of the presence and position of Detection of the presence and position of
radiopaque calculi in the submandibular salivary radiopaque calculi in the submandibular salivary ductsducts
Assessment of the bucco/lingual position of Assessment of the bucco/lingual position of unerupted mandibular teethunerupted mandibular teeth
Evaluation of the bucco/lingual expansion of the Evaluation of the bucco/lingual expansion of the body of the mandible by cysts, tumours or body of the mandible by cysts, tumours or osteodystrophiesosteodystrophies
Assessment of displacement fractures of the Assessment of displacement fractures of the anterior body of the mandible in the horizontal anterior body of the mandible in the horizontal planeplane
Lower 45 degrees occlusalLower 45 degrees occlusal
Main clinical indicationsMain clinical indications
Periapical assessment of the lower incisor Periapical assessment of the lower incisor teeth, especially useful in adults and teeth, especially useful in adults and children unable to tolerate periapical filmschildren unable to tolerate periapical films
Evaluation of the size and extent of lesions Evaluation of the size and extent of lesions in the anterior part of the mandiblein the anterior part of the mandible
Assessment of displacement fractures of Assessment of displacement fractures of the anterior mandible in the vertical planethe anterior mandible in the vertical plane
Lower oblique occlusalLower oblique occlusal
Lower oblique occlusalLower oblique occlusal
Main indicationsMain indications
Detection of radiopaque calculi in a Detection of radiopaque calculi in a submandibular salivary glandsubmandibular salivary gland
Assessment of the bucco/lingual position Assessment of the bucco/lingual position of impacted lower wisdom teethof impacted lower wisdom teeth
Evaluation of the extent and expansion of Evaluation of the extent and expansion of lesions in the posterior mandiblelesions in the posterior mandible