OCA 02 - Preparing the Database Environment

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02 - Preparing the Database

Environment

By Muhammad Asghar Khan

Reference: OCA Oracle Database 11g - Admin I Exam Guide by John Watson


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Agenda

http://asghars.blogspot.com

Tools for Administering an Oracle Database Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)

Database Creation (DBCA) and Upgrade Tools (DBUA)

SQL*Plus and SQL Developer

Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) Oracle Net Manager (netmgr) and Oracle Net

Configuration Assistant (netca)

Datapump and SQL*Loader

Recovery Manager (RMAN)

Plan an Oracle Database Installation

Choice of Operating System

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Agenda


Configure OEL Kernel for Oracle Configure OEL Shell for Oracle

Create Groups & User for Oracle

Directory Structure & File Naming Conventions/OFA

Configure Oracle Users Environment

Running Oracle Universal Installer

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Tools for Administering an Oracle Database


Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) An Oracle product that is used to manage the

installation and maintenance of many oracle products

To launch the OUI, on Windows run the setup.exe file

in the root of the DVD, on Linux and Unix, run therunInstaller shell script

The OUI can be installed as a self-contained productin its own Oracle Home, or can be launched from the

product installation DVD; it will install itself into theOracle Home along with the product

An Oracle Home is the location of an Oracle productinstallation: a set of files in a directory structure

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When the OUI prompts for the location of a products.xmlfile, specify the DVD with the product you want to install

Always use the latest version of the OUI that you haveavailable

OUI inventory stores details of all the Oracle products

installed on the machine, including the exact version, thelocation, and in some cases details of patches that havebeen applied

Every run of the OUI will check the inventory for

incompatibilities before permitting an install into anexisting Oracle Home to proceed, and will then updatethe inventory with details of all pro ducts installed orupgraded

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OUI look for a file /etc/oraInst.loc on Linux ,/var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc on Solaris andHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\inst_loc registry key on Windows to find an existinginventory

As only the root user can write to /etc or /var andOUI will be always run by non-root user, therefore;OUI will generate a script (orainstRoot.sh script) to berun by the root user that will create the oraInst.loc

file To relocate the inventory, first copy it to the new

location, and then edit the oraInst.loc file or registrykey

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The /install/oraparam.ini file specifies the location onthe DVD of the file products.xml

The product requirements are listed in a

/stage/prereq/db/refhost.xml file

Database Creation (DBCA) and Upgrade Tools(DBUA)

The DBCA,is a graphical tool for creating a database

DBCA is discussed in database creation chapter Database upgrade can be done manually or through a

graphical tool DBUA

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SQL*Plus and SQL Developer

SQL*Plus & SQL Developer are tools that can be used toconnect to an Oracle database

SQL*Plus is available on all platforms to which thedatabase has been ported, installed into both Oracledatabase and Oracle client Oracle Homes

To run SQL*Plus some environment variables(ORACLE_HOME, PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH) need to beset

SQL Developer is a graphical tool with wizards forcommonly needed actions

Database 11g does ship with a release of SQL Developer,and but is a completely self-contained product

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On Windows, the executable file is sqldeveloper.exe.On Linux, it is the sqldeveloper.sh shell script

Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)

The version of Oracle EM relevant to the OCP

examination is Database Control

Database Control is a tool for managing one database

(which can be a RAC database), whereas Grid Control

can manage many databases (and more)

If there are several database instances running off the

same Oracle Home, each instance will be accessible

through Database Control on a different port

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Many DBAs like to work from the SQL*Plus or SQLDeveloper command line to understand out exactlyhow to do something, and then use EnterpriseManager to make doing it easy

Oracle Net Manager (netmgr) and Oracle NetConfiguration Assistant (netca)

These tools are used for configuring the Oraclenetworking environment

Datapump and SQL*Loader Datapump extracts data from one database, writes it

out to a file, and inserts it into another database(possibly a different version, on a different platform)

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SQL*Loader is a tool for loading large amounts ofdata into an Oracle database from operating system

files. These files can be laid out in a number of

formats

Recovery Manager (RMAN) RMAN is used for creating server-managed backups

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Choice of Operating System Oracle Corporation supports all the mainstream

platforms, including

Linux on Intel and AMD

Microsoft Windows on Intel and AMD

Solaris on SPARC

AIX on POWER

HPUX on PA-RISC When selecting an operating system, the choice

should be informed by many factors, including

Cost

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Ease of use

Choice of hardware

Available skills

Scalability

Fault tolerance Performance

Linux deserves a special mention. Oracle Corporation

has made a huge commitment to Linux, and Linux is

used as the development platform for many products

(including database release 11g)

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Configure OEL Kernel for Oracle Using any text editor, create or edit the

/etc/sysconfig.conf file,

and add or edit lines similar to

the following

Run /sbin/sysctl -p command

to make it active

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Configure OEL Shell for Oracle Add the following lines to the/etc/security/limits.conf

file

Add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/loginfile

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Create Groups & User for Oracle OSDBA group (dba); identifies operating system user

accounts that have database administrative privileges

(the SYSDBA privilege)

Oracle Inventory group (oinstall); create this groupthe first time you install Oracle software on the

system

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Directory Structure & File Naming Conventions/OFA

Oracle strongly recommends a disk layoutmethodology formally called the Optimal FlexibleArchitecture (OFA)

OFA was designed to achieve minimize diskcontention, to operate more than one databasewithout administrative confusion, and to improvedatabase performance

Mount Points

Oracle recommends that all your Oracle mount pointsbe named according to the convention /pm, e.g. /u01,/u02, /u03, and so on

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The first of these is for locating the Oracle Databaseserver binaries, and the other three are for holding thedatabase files

Oracle Base Directory (ORACLE_BASE)

The Oracle base directory is the top directory for allOracle software installations

Oracle recommends that you use the form /pm/h/u fororacle base directory

Where h is the name of a standard directory, u is thedirectorys owners name

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The default owner of the Oracle base directory is

usually a user named oracle, and the standard directory

is usually named app (e.g. /u01/app/oracle)

The following commands create the Oracle Base

Directory

Change the owner of base directory to oracle and group

to oinstall

Change permission on the base directory

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Oracle Home Directory (ORACLE_HOME)

Oracle server software executable files and otherconfiguration files are located under this directory

To enable the simultaneous running of multiple versions ofOracle software, you need to install Oracle software in a

directory with the following path:/pm/h/u/product/v/type_n

Where v is the version of oracle software, type is the type ofinstallation e.g. database (db) or client, n is the counter,which enables you to install the same product multiple

times The first part, /pm/h/u, is nothing but the Oracle base

directory

Oracle Home Directory (e.g. /u01/app/oracle/product

/11.2.0/db_1), is automatically created by OUI

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Oracle Inventory Directory

Also known as OraInventory, is used to store aninventory of all the Oracle software on a server

Again the OUI will prompt for its location and no needto create manually

Flash Recovery Area

Used for storing all the recovery-related files

Its a good idea to create it on entirely different storagedevices from where you have your data files

Database Files A typical data file under the OFA guidelines would have

a name like /u02/oradata/prod/system01.dbf, whichrefers to a data file in the System table-space

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Configure Oracle Users Environment Change the entry of .bash_profile file of the oracle

user and add

following lines

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Copy downloaded oracle installation files to the/tmp directory

Login with oracle, unzip both files, switch to the

/tmp/database directory and run installation by

running the ./runInstaller

Follow the wizard

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Provide the name of the database and thepassword and click next

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In the prerequisite check we was informed that weneed to install three packages as well. So mount the

.iso file of the OEL installation, switch to the Server

folder

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Click on Check Again button and youll see thatthose notifications are disappeared. Check Ignore

all checkbox and click Next

Click Finish button to start the installation

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DBCA tools automatically will start to create the

database

Run both shell scripts with root user

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Open a new terminal, export ORACLE_SID variableand connect to the database

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OCA 02 - Preparing the Database Environment

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