OBTENTION OF CELLULOSE NANOFIBER FROM ALMOND SHELL

USING DIFFERENT CHEMICAL TREATMENTS

Biorefinery Process GroupDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

University of Basque CountryPza. Europa 1, 20018, San Sebastian, SPAIN

Correspondence to: jalel.labidi@ehu.es

October 8-9 Trabzon, Turkey

Eduardo Robles, Iñaki Urruzola, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel Labidi

COST Action FP1105 October 8-9 Trabzon, Turkey

Determining the best chemical treatment to remove lignin content in almond shell (Prunus dulcis)

Determining the best crystallinity achieved with the different mercerizations.

Analysis:FTIR TGA X-Ray

Objectives

Obtention Of Cellulose Nanofibers From Almond Shell Using Different Chemical Treatments. Eduardo Robles, Iñaki Urruzola, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel Labidi.

COST Action FP1105 October 8-9 Trabzon, Turkey

Obtention Of Cellulose Nanofibers From Almond Shell Using Different Chemical Treatments. Eduardo Robles, Iñaki Urruzola, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel Labidi.

Pretreatment

NaOH (1%) w/w alkaline solution

T = 20 ºC t = 24 h

NaOH 7.5% w/wT = 60 ºC t = 24 h

Formic acid/water 90/10 v/v

T = 130 ºC t = 90 min

Ethanol/water 60/40 v/vT = 130 ºC t = 90 min

KOH 7.5% w/w T = 60 ºC

t = 24 h

NaOH 15% w/wT = 120 ºC t = 90 min

FTIR and TGA analysis

BleachingNaClO2 (25 %

w/w)T = 75 ºC

t = 120 min

BleachingNaOH + H2O2 + DTPA +

MgSO4 T = 70 ºC

t = 150 min

Acetylation HNO3 (1/3) w/w

Acetic Acid (1/20) w/w

T= boilingt = 30 min

HydrolysisH2SO4 (8..5 mL /g)

T = 45 ºC t = 60 min

AFM and X-Ray

analysis

Procedure

COST Action FP1105 October 8-9 Trabzon, Turkey

Obtention Of Cellulose Nanofibers From Almond Shell Using Different Chemical Treatments. Eduardo Robles, Iñaki Urruzola, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel Labidi.

Content

MethodExtracts

%

Moisture

%

Lignin

%

Almond shell 0.72 ± 0.02 10.76 ± 0.06 52.59 ± 0.14

Organosolv 5.28 ± 0.02 30.55 ± 0.06 43.21 ± 0.06

NaOH 15% 3.28 ± 0.02 19.03 ± 0.06 42.76 ± 0.06

KOH 7.5% 1.06 ± 0.02 0.435 ± 0.06 39.92 ± 0.06

NaOH 7.5% 1.35 ± 0.02 0.432 ± 0.06 35.34 ± 0.06

Formic acid 4.21 ± 0.02 2.16 ± 0.06 30.72 ± 0.06

Crystallinity

Pulp(%)

Acetylated + Hydrolyzed + Homogenized

(%)

72.29 -

75.73 80.57

69.35 76.95

62.51 78.23

69.13 79.79

56.77 78.69

Results

COST Action FP1105 October 8-9 Trabzon, Turkey

FT-IR spectra of the a) Almond shell, b) Organosolv, c) NaOH 15%, d) KOH, e) NaOH 7.5%, f) Formic acid.

3345 cm-1 OH stretching vibrations

2920 cm-1 CH3 group stretching vibrations

2860 cm-1 CH2 group stretching vibrations

1645 cm-1 absorbed water (bending)

1420 cm-1 CH2 bending

1215 cm-1 OH in plane-bending cellulose

1150 cm1 C-O antisymetric bridge stretching

890 cm-1 β-glycosidic linkages

Results

Obtention Of Cellulose Nanofibers From Almond Shell Using Different Chemical Treatments. Eduardo Robles, Iñaki Urruzola, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel Labidi.

COST Action FP1105 October 8-9 Trabzon, Turkey

Different lignin elimination methods were performed to determine their effectiveness in almond shell. Sodium hydroxide at 7.5% v/v and formic acid treatments were the best in eliminating lignin as the amount of lignin present in almond shell was reduced 17 and 22 % respectively.

The different nature of the methods and their reactives influence in the properties of the final fiber, as change in crystallinity, lignin content and affinity to different compounds can be reached with these methods, then depending of the final use of the fiber, it can be chosen the most suitable method.

Obtention Of Cellulose Nanofibers From Almond Shell Using Different Chemical Treatments. Eduardo Robles, Iñaki Urruzola, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel Labidi.

Conclusions

Obtention Of Cellulose Nanofibers From Almond Shell Using Different Chemical Treatments. Eduardo Robles, Iñaki Urruzola, Rodrigo Llano-Ponte, Jalel Labidi.

COST Action FP1105 October 8-9 Trabzon, Turkey

Author would also like to thank to CONACyT, Mexico for support provided through Scholarship 216178.

THANK YOU!