OBSESSIVE - COMPULSIVE DISORDER

Aarany Rasalingam, Julie Tran, Domenico Caggianiello, & Yvona Pimentel

WHAT IS OCD?

Obsessions• Unwanted repetitive thoughts• Anxiety

Compulsion• Behaviours• Repeated actions• Reduces anxiety

Awareness Changes over time

WHO DOES IT AFFECT?

Equally prevalent in both male and femalesStarts during childhood or the teen years. Diagnosed by about 19 yearsMay run in families

WHO DOES IT AFFECT?

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy• Exposure and response prevention• Different ways of thinking, behaving, and reacting to

situationsMedical• Anti-anxiety • Anti-depression

TREATMENT

THEORY/MODEL

Psychoanalytical Behavioural• Responses to unsolved conflicts

from an early stage of development

• Associated with certain objects or situations with fear

• OCD symbolized- unconscious struggle

• Pattern begins when under periods of high emotional stresss

• Was not grounded with evidence based on the brain

• Vulnerable to fear and anxiety

• Helped explain the content of the obsession but not the process

• Neutral things become tied to fears

THEORY/MODEL CONT’D

Cognitive Learning Theory

• Association people make between an object and fear

• Learning negative thoughts towards normal situations as a result of life experience (ex. Interview and bathroom)

• Interpret their thoughts wrong, therefore fearing – leads to avoidance and/or rituals

• Exaggerated danger to their thoughts, because of false beliefs

• Distress leading to avoidance/rituals

BIOLOGICAL• Genetic and neurological bases of OCD• Over activity in the limbic system

– Basal Ganglia – Cingulate Gyrus

• Insufficient levels of Serotonin

PSYCHOLOGICAL• The thought and behavior patterns that individuals with OCD develop are based on

their specific learning and lifetime experiences• Experience increasing levels of distress they often respond by increasing the

intensity and/or frequency of their compulsions• May be linked to ”behavior related habits” one learns over time

FACTORS

SOCIAL• The way a family reacts to a child can affect the

symptoms associated with the disorder• The parent’s response to their child’s behavior can

either increase or decrease the child’s anxietyEnvironmental• Triggered by a specific, often traumatic, event• Stress

FACTORS CONT’D

TR INTERVENTION

TR MODEL

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnzz-eFmKaw

OCD SUMMARY VIDEO

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Canadian Mental Health Association. (2014, January 1). Retrieved February 14, 2015, from http://www.cmha.ca/mental_health/obsessive-compulsive-disorder/#.VN_uOlPUuvO

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2015, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml#part5

• Beyond OCD. (n.d.). OCD Education Station. Retrieved from http://www.ocdeducationstation.org/ocd-facts/what-causes-ocd

• Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. (2001). CAMH: What causes OCD? Retrieved from http://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/health_information/a_z_mental_health_and_addiction_information/obsessive_compulsive_disorder/obsessive_compulsive_disorder_information_guide/Pages/ocd_causes.aspx

• OCD-UK. (n.d.). What causes OCD? | OCD-UK. Retrieved from http://www.ocduk.org/what-causes-ocd

• Virginia Commission on Youth. (2010). Obsessive-Compulsive disorder. Retrieved from http://vcoy.virginia.gov/documents/collection/Obsessive-compulsive%20Disorder_0.pdf

• Psych Central. (2015). What Causes Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Retrieved February 05, 2015, From http://psychcentral.com/lib/what-causes-obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/000506

• Nursing Times. (2014). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Retrieved Feburuary 05, 2015, From• http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/specialisms/mental-health/obsessive-compulsive-

disorder/204125.article

REFERENCES