Objectives

The Student Will (TSW)…1)Explain the breakdown of relations between

the U.S. and Soviet Union after WWII.2)Summarize the steps taken to contain Soviet

influence.3)Describe how the Truman Doctrine and

Marshall Plans deepened Cold War tensions.4)Explain how conflicts over Germany increased

fear of Soviet aggression.

Essential Questions

Why did the United States and the Soviet Unionbecome enemies after World War Two?

How did this impact the two nations and therest of the World?

Big Idea

The Cold War between the United States andthe Soviet Union influenced the people,government, and diplomacy with nationsthroughout the World.

COLD WAR 1945-1992

Definition: the state of hostility, without direct military conflict, that developed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WWII.

Soviet Union and U.S. mistrust• The Soviets and the Americans mistrusted each other even

though they were allies in WWII. WHY?1) Soviets upset about not being invited to Treaty of Versailles

(peace treaty ending WWI).2) Soviets were stripped of their colonies in Finland, Estonia,

Latvia, and Lithuania.3) Soviets resent the U.S. delay in attacking Germany in

Europe. (didn’t happen until June 6, 1944)4) Soviets find out that we secretly developed the atomic

bomb. 5) U.S. worried that spreading communism to America would

result in loss of private property, constitutional rights, and a free enterprise economic system.

What is Communism?• Theory:A)The Social class with the economic power also

had social and political power.B)There are 2 classes of people in every society: The

“Haves” and the “Have-Nots”.Capitalists (Haves): own capital-land, money, andmachinery.Workers: (Have-Nots): own only their labor.

Communism• In 1919 Vladimir Lenin led the successful

Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, installing communism.

• Communism: A) economic and political system based on a 1 party government ruled by a dictatorship. B) Private Property is confiscated and turned over to the state to equalize power and wealth. C) Government own all factories and businesses, controlling production and prices.

Partner Up: Use pages 604-608 to answer the following questions

1) What happened at Potsdam?2) What was the essence of the disagreement

between the U.S. and Soviet Union in Europe?3) What was the Truman Doctrine and Marshal

Plan?4) What caused Stalin to close access to Berlin?5) How did the allies get supplies to West Berlin?

UNITED NATIONS (UN)• On June 26, 1945, the

representatives of 50 nations sign a charter in San Francisco establishing a peace keeping organization similar, but stronger, to the League of Nations.

• Headquarters are in NYC.• 5 nations have veto power:

U.S., Soviet Union, China, Great Britain, and France.

POTSDAM CONFERENCE• The Big 3: Stalin (Soviet

Union), Truman (U.S.), and Clement Attlee (Great Britain) meet in June 1945 at the final wartime conference.

• Stalin promises to allow free elections in all European countries currently occupied by Soviet military forces.

• He lied. By July all Eastern European countries had communist governments w/out elections ever being held.

THE IRON CURTAIN• Truman’s post WWII

goal was to spread democracy to all nations.

• Stalin wanted a buffer zone between them and Western Europe to be free from future invasions.

• Stalin also wanted to rebuild his economy by taking raw materials from Eastern Europe.

SATELLITE NATIONS• The 8 Eastern European

communist nations dominated by the Soviet Union were: East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania, and Czechoslovakia.

• The “Iron Curtain” is the imaginary wall separating West and East Europe (Democracy vs. Communism).

THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE• In 1947, President Truman gives $400 million

in economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey.

• Wanted to help them rebuild after WWII and “support free peoples who are resisting communist takeovers.”

GEORGE KENNAN AND CONTAINMENT• In February 1946 the U.S.

implemented the policy of containment.

• Containment= attempt to block communism from expanding into other countries by using any possible means.

THE MARSHALL PLAN• The U.S. (proposed by Secretary of State

George Marshall) gives $13 billion in aid to 16 European countries that were devastated by WWII.

• Purpose: 1-fight against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. 2-keep Western European countries from becoming communist.

ALLIED OCCUPATION OF GERMANY• At the conclusion of WWII

Germany had been divided in half.

• The Soviet Union occupied the eastern half. The U.S., Great Britain, and France occupied the western half.

• Berlin, the capital, was also divided in half even though it was located in the Soviet occupied eastern region. Soviets controlled East Berlin.

BERLIN AIRLIFT• In June 1948, Stalin closes

all highways and railroads into West Berlin from West Germany.

• No food or fuel can get into the city.

• 2.1 million residents only had enough food and supplies to last 5 weeks.

• Stalin is trying to starve the citizens into joining sides with the communist.

THE BERLIN AIRLIFT• The United States and

Great Britain broke the blockade by flying 2.3 million tons of food and supplies in to West Berlin on 277,000 flights in 327 days. That’s 847 flights per day!!

• The U.S. was daring the Soviets to shoot down the planes. They didn’t, so the Soviets looked “soft” to the world.

• The U.S. were the “good guys” and the “heroes.”

NATO• The North Atlantic Treaty

Organization:10 Western European countries

form a defensive treaty with the U.S. and Canada to protect against communism invasions and takeovers.

*Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal.

*Maintains 500,000 troops and thousands of planes, tanks, and other equipment.