Objectives Overview
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Transcript of Objectives Overview
Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World
Discovering Computers 2012
Chapter 1Basic Introduction to Computers
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Objectives Overview
Explain why computer literacy is vital to success
in today’s world
Define the term, computer, and describe
the relationship between data and
information
Describe the five components of a
computer
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that users experience when
working with computers
Define the term, network, and identify
benefits of sharing resources on a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World
Wide Web
Discuss the special information
requirements of an enterprise-sized
corporation
Identify information systems and software used in the functional units of an enterprise
Describe and list general purpose and integrated
information systems used throughout an
enterprise
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives
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Objectives Overview
Distinguish between system software and application
software
Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
Describe the role of each element in an information
system
Explain how home users, small office/home office
users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users
each interact with computers
Discuss how society uses computers in education,
finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives
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A World of Computers
• Computers are everywhere
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 4 - 5 Figure 1-1
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What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network architectures
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 720 – 721Figure 14-1
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What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Types of enterprises include:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 722
Retail Manufacturing Service
Wholesale Government Educational
Transportation
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What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a hierarchical manner
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 722 – 723Figure 14-2
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What Is Enterprise Computing?
• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of four categories:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 724Figure 14-3
Executive ManagementMiddle
Management
Operational Management
Nonmanagement Employees
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What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Enterprise information is the information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organization– Business intelligence– Business process management– Business process automation
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 725 - 726
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What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Managers coordinate resources by performing four activities
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 725Figure 14-4
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• An information system is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 726Figure 14-5
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Functional units within an enterprise might include:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 727
EnterpriseAccounting and Finance
Human Resources
Engineering or Product
Development
Manufacturing
Marketing
Sales
Distribution
Customer Service
Information Technology
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Accounting software manages everyday transactions• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases
with customer payments• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and
analyze
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 726 – 728Figure 14-7
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 14
Information Systems in the Enterprise
• A human resources information system (HRIS) manages one or more human resources functions
• Employee relationship management systems manage communication between employees and the business
Page 728Figure 14-8
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and design
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 728 – 729Figure 14-9
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 16
Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computers to control production equipment
• Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing process
Page 729Figure 14-10
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) uses software to help monitor and control processes related to production
Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) is an extension of MRP and also includes software that helps in scheduling
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 729 - 730
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
A quality control system helps an organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services
A marketing information system serves as a central repository for the tasks of a marketing department
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 730
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need to be more productive
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 730 – 731Figure 14-12
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Distribution systems perform the following functions:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 731
Provide forecasting for inventory
control
Manage and track shipping of products
Provide information and analysis on inventory in a
warehouse
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Customer interaction management (CIM) software manages the day-to-day interactions with customers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 731Figure 14-13
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• The information technology (IT) department makes technology decisions for the enterprise– Whether to build or buy new information systems– When a computer or information system has outlived its useful
life• Web site management programs collect data designed to
help organizations make informed decisions regarding their Web presence
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 732
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• General purpose information systems generally fall into one of five categories
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 732
Office Information
System
Transaction Processing
System
Management Information
System
Decision Support System
Expert System
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 733Figure 14-14
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 25
Information Systems in the Enterprise
Management Information System Decision Support System
Pages 734 – 735Figures 14-15 – 14-16
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 736Figure 14-17
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
Integrated Information SystemsCustomer relationship management manages
information about customers,
interactions with customers, past purchases, and
interests
Enterprise resource planning provides
centralized, integrated software to help
manage and coordinate ongoing
activities
Content management systems are
information systems that combine
databases, software, and procedures
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Pages 737 - 739
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 738Figure 14-18
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Information Systems in the Enterprise
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Page 739Figure 14-19
What Is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 30Page 6
Collects data
(input)Processing
Produces information (output)
Information Processing Cycle
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What Is a Computer?
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 6 Figure 1-2
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The Components of a Computer
• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 6 - 8
• Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computerInput Device
• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more peopleOutput Device
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process dataSystem Unit
• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage mediaStorage Device
• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
Communications Device
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The Components of a Computer
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 7 Figure 1-3
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
Advantages of Using Computers
Disadvantages of Using Computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
Health Risks
Violation of Privacy
Public Safety
Impact on Labor Force
Impact on Environment
Pages 9 - 10
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer
• Strategies include:– Recycling– Regulating manufacturing processes– Extending the life of computers– Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 10
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 36
Networks and the Internet
• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media
Pages 10 - 11 Figure 1-6
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Networks and the Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 11 Figure 1-7
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Networks and the Internet
• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 12 - 13 Figure 1-8
Communicate Research and Access Information
Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading
Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application
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Networks and the Internet
• A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 14 Figure 1-9
Computer Software
• Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 40Pages 15 - 16Figures 1-10 - 1-11
System Software• Operating system• Utility program
Application Software
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Computer Software
• Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 16 - 17 Figure 1-12
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 42
Computer Software
• A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information
Page 18 Figure 1-13
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Categories of Computers
Embedded computers
Supercomputers
Mainframes
Servers
Game consoles
Mobile computers and mobile devices
Personal computers
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Personal Computers
• A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple– Desktop computer
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 19 - 20 Figures 1-15 - 1-16
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Personal computer you can carry from place to place
Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs
Mobile Computer
Computing device small enough to hold in your hand
Examples include smart phones and PDAs, e-book readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras
Mobile Device
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 20 - 23
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Notebook computer
Tablet PC
Smart phones and PDAs
E-book reader
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 20 - 22 Figures 1-17 – 1-20
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Handheld computer
Portable media player
Digital camera
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 22 - 23Figures 1-21 – 1-23
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 48
Game Consoles
• A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
Page 24 Figure 1-24
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 49
Servers
• A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network– Provides a centralized
storage area for programs, data, and information
Page 25 Figure 1-25
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Mainframes
• A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
Page 25 Figure 1-26
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Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer– Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing
more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 25 Figure 1-27
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Embedded Computers
• An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 26
Consumer Electronics
• Mobile and digital telephones
• Digital televisions• Cameras• Video recorders• DVD players and
recorders• Answering
machines
Home Automation Devices
• Thermostats• Sprinkling systems• Security
monitoring systems• Appliances• Lights
Automobiles
• Antilock brakes• Engine control
modules• Airbag controller• Cruise control
Process Controllers and Robotics
• Remote monitoring systems
• Power monitors• Machine
controllers• Medical devices
Computer Devices and Office Machines
• Keyboards• Printers• Faxes• Copiers
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Embedded Computers
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 26 Figure 1-28
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Elements of an Information System
Hardware Software Data
People Procedures
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Elements of an Information System
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 27 Figure 1-29
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Examples of Computer Usage
Home User• Personal financial
management• Web access• Communications• Entertainment
Small Office/Home Office User• Look up information• Send and receive e-mail
messages• Make telephone calls
Mobile User• Connect to other computers
on a network or the Internet• Transfer information• Play video games• Listen to music• Watch movies
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 28 – 31Figures 1-30 – 1-32
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Examples of Computer Usage
Power User• Work with multimedia• Use industry-specific
software
Enterprise User• Communicate among
employees• Process high volumes
of transactions• Blog
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 31 – 32Figures 1-33 – 1-34
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Computer Applications in Society
Education
Finance
Government
Health CareDiscovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 34 - 36
Figures 1-36 – 1-39
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Computer Applications in Society
Science
Publishing
Travel
ManufacturingDiscovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Pages 36 - 38
Figures 1-40 – 1-43
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Video: Computer History in a Barn
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
CLICK TO START
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Summary
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1Page 39
Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized
organization
Various types of users within an
organization
Large information systems
62Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Summary
Basic computer concepts
Components of a computer
Networks, the Internet, and computer software
Many different categories of
computers, computer users, and computer
applications in society
Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World
Discovering Computers 2012
Chapter 1Basic Introduction to Computers
Chapter 1 Complete