Objectives : Conduct an Experiment Compare biotic versus abiotic

Objectives:

Conduct an ExperimentCompare biotic versus abioticCatalyst: What is a constant in an experiment? Give an example.

CLASS WEBSITE

http://george-wythe-bio.wikispaces.com/Weekly Extra Credit ProjectStudy GuidesComputer Lab AssignmentsOther Important information

Scouting Reports Current Events-Current Event Form

-May use newspaper, internet, etc

Classroom JobsClassroom Positions Write on Notebook paper if job desired (brief paragraph of why you deserve it!)

Worth Extra Points on a Big GameMade the difference between C and B for student last semester

ObservationsQuantitative: deals with numbers (remember n for numbers

Qualitative: deals with looks (remember l for looks)

Theories vs. HypothesisA theory has the support of many experimentsTheory GravityCells are the basis of lifeWater is essential to lifeHypothesis Pizza Hut is the best pizza

The Scientific Method

1. State the Problem: you ask a question

2. Gather information on the problem

Form a hypothesis (hypothesis is an explanation of observation)

Hypothesis FormationA good hypothesis uses an if then statementIf I study hard then I will get an A in Mr. Gibneys classIf a person is given poison then they will get sickLets Practice!!!!!

4. Test hypothesis with an experiment

5. Analyze data (results)E = mc2

6. Draw Conclusions

HypothesisCommunicates what you think is going to happen in the experiment.

Example: If you play a violent video game then your heart rate will increase

Independent VariableINDEPENDENT VARIABLE: (I.V.) Also called the Manipulated Variable. The variable you purposely change or manipulate. Will be the CAUSE of the changes you measure.Example: We choose a violent game, a happy game, and a boring game.

Dependent VariableDEPENDENT VARIABLE: The variable that responds. Also called the Responding Variable. The variable you will measure after the experiment is set up. Will be the EFFECT of the action you took.Example: We will measure heart rate

Independent Variable (graphed on the x-axis)Dependent Variable (graphed on the y-axis)

ConstantsCONSTANTS: All the other variables that remain the same for all the trials. Must be quantified.(Include numbers.)Example: In each trial you play the video game for 20 minutes.

ControlsCONTROL: A level that does NOT contain the independent variable. The NO TREATMENT GROUP or NORMAL TREATMENT GROUP. Gives you a way to detect hidden variables.Example: We will also measure your heart rate when you are not playing video games

How to RememberMIX

ManipulatedIndependent VariableX-axisDRY

DependentResponding VariableY-axis

Abiotic nonliving factorsBiotic living factorsbioticabiotic

Our EnvironmentYou are here

20 points14 points 13 points 12 points 11 points 10 points 9 points 8 points 7 points 6 points 5 points 4 points 3 points2 points1 pointAsk GibneyAsk The ClassEliminate 2 Answers

20 points14 points 13 points 12 points 11 points *10 points* 9 points 8 points 7 points 6 points *5 points* 4 points 3 points2 points1 pointAsk GibneyAsk The ClassEliminate 2 Answers

The Correct Answer is:B Final Answer?Ask GibneyAsk ClassEliminate 2

Out of the following which is the best NFL team?

(A) Falcons (B) the SKINS!!!! (C) Texans (D) Raiders

1 POINT

The Correct Answer is:D Final Answer?Ask GibneyAsk ClassEliminate 2

The rules in this class do not include?

(A) Be Respectful(B) Be Responsive (C) No Excuses(D) Act Crazy

2 POINTS

The Correct Answer is:C Final Answer?Ask GibneyAsk ClassEliminate 2

A testable explanation for a question or problem is an

(A) observation(B) law(C) hypothesis(D) textbook

3 POINTS


In order to actually test the hypothesis you must know the

(A) theory (B) terms(C) IV & DV(D) G-Unit

4 POINTS


The best way to show data is to

(A) write a long report with no pictures(B) focus only on big numbers(C) shout it out(D) graph

5 POINTS


Why is the hypothesis J-lo is fine not science

(A) Its open to judgement (B) Results are not repeatable (C) You cannot perform a controlled experiment(D) All of the above

6 POINTS


To perform data analysis one must use which of the following tools

(A) graphing (B) arithmetic calculations (C) vector addition (D) Both a and b

7 POINTS


If you are studying Mr. Gs weight over time how would you display the data

(A) bar graph with one bar (B) pie charts(C) a line graph one axis showing time, the other weight(D) all of them

8 POINTS


Information gathered from an experiment is called

(A) hypothesis(B) experiment (C) research (D) data

9 POINTS


When you cannot study the whole environment you might construct

(A) bear-trap (B) hypothesis(C) model(D) old guy ideas

10 POINTS


This type of observation deals with numbers

(A) Descriptive(B) Quantitative (C) Qualitative (D) None of these

11 POINTS


A qualitative observation can also be called

(A) number based(B) The Bomb (C) quantitative (D) descriptive

12 POINTS


What is the web of life?

(A) Photosynthesis Cellular Reproduction(B) Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration (C) Cellular Respiration Carbon cycle(D) None of the above

20 POINTS

Ask Gibney

Ask The Class

Eliminate 2 Answers

What is Biology?

BIOLOGYthe study of living things

5 Characteristics of All Living Things

5 Characteristics of Living Things Made of Cells Obtain & Use Energy Grow and Develop Maintain Homeostasis Reproduce

Number of CellsUnicellular- one cellMulticellular- many cells

A Quick Did You KnowWe can re-create the first conditions on earth with electricity and elements!!!!!

Obtain and Use EnergyPlants: PhotosynthesisAnimals:Cellular Respiration

Equation for Photosynthesis6CO2 + 6H2O -------> C6H12O6 + 6O2LIGHTCarbon Dioxide and Water react with light to produce glucose and oxygenDont Copy!!!

Equation for Cellular RespirationC6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATPGlucose + Oxygen yield Carbon Dioxide, Water and ATP (energy)Dont Copy!!!

Grow & Develop Metamorphosis Puberty Death

Maintain Homeostasis Do what it takes surviveAdapt to environment Ex. Put on a coat, plant bends toward the light

Types of ReproductionAsexual- one parentSexual- two parents

5 Characteristics of Living Things Made of Cells Obtain & Use Energy Grow and Develop Maintain Homeostasis Reproduce

Creating a Line Graph

1. Title the GraphHouseplant Growth

2. Label Axis with UNITSHouseplant GrowthTime (weeks)Height (cm)

3. Axis Scale: Spread It OutHouseplant GrowthTime (weeks)Height (cm)012686421824

4. Plot the Data PointsHouseplant GrowthTime (weeks)Height (cm)012686421824

5. Put in Best Fit LineHouseplant GrowthTime (weeks)Height (cm)012686421824

Who are we?

Underlying theme: How are we different?

How are we the same?Same basic molecular make-up (atoms, compounds, macromolecules, etc)

Same genetic code:DNA

Similar genesproteins

Similar cell structure

How are we different?EvolutionSimple Complex organisms

More genes More proteins More enzymes

Different genes Different proteins Different enzymes

More and different organelles more and different cells more and different tissue more and different organs

Who are we?We need structureWe need to reproduceWe need to grow and developWe need energyWe need to interact with the environment

Underlying theme: Evolution has created diversityWE=ALL ORGANISMS

(where life is possible)(living and non living environment)(All organisms in a given place & time)(A group of the same type of organism living in the same place and time)(A structure consisting of tissues organized to carry out specific functions)(Organs connected physically or chemically that function together)(A living individual)

(A collection of specialized cells)(The fundamental unit of life)(A membrane bound structure within a complex cell)( A small group of joined atoms)(The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance or element)

The Cell TheoryPattern Component of the Cell Theory: a pattern observed in natureCells are first described and identified Hooke, 1665 and van Leeuwenhoek. Plant tissues composed of cells Malphigi, 1670'sSchleiden and Schwann all organisms are composed of cells.

The first view of cells: Robert Hookes drawing from 1665 Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to view a single-celled animalcules in pond water.Figure 1.1

The EGG demonstrationHelp Mr. Gibney get through the six steps of the scientific method for the following demonstration

Observations PracticeStations setup in the LabThis is a test to see how we can work together in the labEach row will go to a different stationWe will rotate after 1:30 at each station

Make Quantitative and Qualitative observations at each station use a ruler!

Come up with one on your own!!From your notes come up with an experiment on your own. Partner with person who sits at least 2 rows away from you.Make sure to label / include:HypothesisIndependent VariableDependent VariableConstantControlWrite out experiment and draw a picture of it on loose-leaf. Should be about 1 page long.

LESSON OPENING

OpeningJapanese words tsu (harbor) and nami (waves)

Specimens and Demos

Who are we? We need structureWe need to reproduceWe need to grow and developWe need energyWe need to interact with the environment

We need structureMoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrganOrganismStructure gives us function!

We need to reproduce

We need to grow and develop

We need energy

We interact with the environment

What we will study:We need structureMolecular structure: CellWe need to reproduceGeneticsWe need to grow and developCell growth/replicationWe need energyCell metabolismWe need to interact with the environmentCell sensing/membrane interactionsRegulation

The Metric System

The Metric SystemMeasuring system of scienceBased on units of _____.TEN

Used to Measure:LengthVolumeMassDensityTemperature

Quantity Measured

Unit

Symbol

Length

Meter

m

Volume

Liter

L

Mass

Kilogram

kg

Density

Grams per Milliliter

g/ml

Temperature

Celsius

C

Metric PrefixesPrefixes to either multiply or divide by some amount of ____.Base unit and a prefixTEN

Prefixes- Fix you up Buttercup!Prefixes that multiply:dk- deka (multiply by __ )h- hecto (multiply by ___ )k- kilo (multiply by ____ )

101001000

Prefixes to Memorize!Prefixes that divide:d - deci ( ____ )c - centi ( _____ )m - milli ( ______ )

1/101/1001/1000Prefixes- Fix you up Buttercup!

kilohectodekadecicentimilliMeters, Grams, Liters

kilohectodekadecicentimilliMeters, Grams, Literskidshavedroppeddeadconvertingmetricsover

Lets Practice1000 mg = ____ g

Lets Practice1000 mg = ____ g

1000mg 1.000hg

1

Practice Problems160 cm = _____ mm1 kL = _________ mL250 dm = _____ dkm

16001,000,0002.50

Metric OlympicsSynchronized Lung Testing: A-FHolding breath and converting measurementsCotton Ball Shot-put: G-KConverting distancesRight Handed Packing Peanuts Grab: L-RConverting massLeft-Handed Sponge Squeeze: S-ZConverting liquid

LengthThe basic unit of length in the metric system is the ______.meter

VolumeThe amount of space occupied by an object.cm3, m3, mL, LUNITS: ____________

VolumeEqual toL x W x Hcm3, m3, mL, LUNITS: ____________

MassHow much matter an object has. The type and number of atoms.UNITS: ________kg, g, mg

DensityThe mass per unit of volume of a material._______________MASS/VOLUME

TemperatureMeasured in degrees Celsius (oC).Water freezes at _____Water boils at ______0 oC100 oC

Youve heard from Mr. G that one general property of gasses is that when you heat them, they exert more pressure on their container. You want to decide if this is really true. Graph the following

Amount of Pressure Exerted (N)Temperature (C)10101020103210.26210.88511.413212.6287

Reviewing GraphsWhat is IV and DV for first problemRemember we choose to heat the samples and we see changes in pressureWhat goes on X-axis?What goes on Y-axis?IV - heatDV pressure

Chart1

10

10

10

10.2

10.8

11.4

12.6

Amount of Pressure Exerted (N)

Temperature: Celsius


Sheet1


1010

1020

1032

10.262

10.885

11.4132

12.6287

Sheet1




Sheet2

Sheet3

Reviewing GraphsWhat is IV and DV for second problem dealing with rats and habitat destructionWhat goes on X-axis?What goes on Y-axis?IV - # of ratsDV habitat destruction

Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy: How close a measurement is to the correct or true measurementPrecision: How close a set of measurements are to each other (regardless of how correct they are)

Good AccuracyGood PrecisionGood AccuracyPoor PrecisionPoor AccuracyGood PrecisionPoor AccuracyPoor Precision

In an experiment the factor being tested is the . Independent variable

An experiment run without a variable is called a .control

THE PROCESS OF DOING SCIENCE

Reading a meniscus

Temperature ConversionsK = KelvinC = CelsiusF = Fahrenheit

Temperature ConversionsF = C x (9F /5C) + 32F C = (F - 32F)(5C /9F) From Celsius to Fahrenheit:From Fahrenheit to Celsius:

More Temperature ConversionsK = C + 273.15 C = K - 273 From Celsius to Kelvin:From Kelvin to Celsius:

Lets convert to CelsiusReserve, LA 69 F New York, NY 36 F Moscow, Russia 32 F Hong Kong 64 F Anchorage, AK 33 F

DensityThe mass of a substance divided by its volume.

Density & BuoyancyAn object will float in a fluid if the density of that object is less than the density of the fluid.

Dobject > DfluidWeight > Buoyant Force

Dobject < DfluidWeight < Buoyant Force

Neutrally BuoyantWeight of the submerged object is exactly equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

GeologyContinents are floating in a sea of slightly soft rock that acts like a fluid.

Sink or Float A Hands on ExperienceGroups of 2Construct a boatThink critically about the designSee sheet for directionsBest one wins special prize

Analyzing Data with a Graph

Pie Graph

Chart1

56

24

11

7

2

Sheet1

56

24

11

7

2

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Bar Graph

Chart2

56

24

11

7

2

Sheet1

56

24

11

7

2

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Line Graph

Great Gum Chew OffWe are going to learn graphs in an interactive wayWe will chew gum and rate it at 5 minute intervalsI will walk you through the first one

Any trash = negative B.R.A.G.S.Good times = more activities like this

Youve heard from Mr. G that one general property of gasses is that when you heat them, they exert more pressure on their container. You want to decide if this is really true. Graph the following

Amount of Pressure Exerted (N)Temperature (C)10101020103210.26210.88511.413212.6287

Reviewing GraphsWhat is IV and DV for first problemRemember we choose to heat the samples and we see changes in pressureWhat goes on X-axis?What goes on Y-axis?IV - heatDV pressure

Chart1

10

10

10

10.2

10.8

11.4

12.6




Sheet1


1010

1020

1032

10.262

10.885

11.4132

12.6287

Sheet1




Sheet2

Sheet3

Reviewing GraphsWhat is IV and DV for second problem dealing with rats and habitat destructionWhat goes on X-axis?What goes on Y-axis?IV - # of ratsDV habitat destruction

Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy: How close a measurement is to the correct or true measurementPrecision: How close a set of measurements are to each other (regardless of how correct they are)

Good AccuracyGood PrecisionGood AccuracyPoor PrecisionPoor AccuracyGood PrecisionPoor AccuracyPoor Precision

Sink or Float A Hands on ExperienceGroups of 2Construct a boatThink critically about the designSee sheet for directionsBest one wins special prize

INSERT CONVERSION PROBLEMSConvert the Following:

44 cm to kilometers82 dekameters to millimeters14 liters to millileters1234 kilometers to decimeters90 centimeters to hectometers

DensityThe ratio of an objects mass to its volume

Units: g/mL, g/cm3

Anything with a density of GREATER than 1g/mL will sink in water.

Anything with a density LESS than 1g/mL will float in water.

A block of wood has a mass of 28 grams. If its volume is 14 cm3, what is the density of the wood?2.0 g/cm3

The density of gold is 19.3 g/mL. What is the mass of a piece of gold with a volume of 34.5 mL?666 grams

Air has a density of 0.0013 g/mL. How much volume does 48,000 grams of air take up?3.7 x 107 mL

DENSITY PRACTICE SHEET!

PROBLEMWhat is the density of sand?

PROBLEMAre your 10 pennies made before 1982 or after 1982?

AccuracyHow close a measurement is the correct or true measurement

PrecisionHow close a set of measurements are to each other (regardless of how correct they are)

% ErrorA quantitative comparison between your value and an accepted value

Your value for water density = 0.88Accepted value for water density = 1.0Calculate the % error in your measurement!

Going Nuts!Pick a peanut out of the bin. Use your senses of touch, smell, hearing and sight to observe the peanut. DO NOT TASTE IT.You may use any of the tools provided. Write 10 quantitative and 10 qualitative observations on your paper.

Going Nuts!Put all the peanuts back in the bag. Stir the peanuts around.

Going Nuts!Give your observations to your partner.Using his/her observations, try to find your partners peanut.

Going Nuts!You have permission to get ONE peanut and eat it. Make sure to throw the shell in the trash!

Going Nuts: HomeworkWrite a paragraph reflecting on your observations. Were they detailed enough? Which ones were really helpful? What would you do differently next time?

Metric OlympicsSynchronized Lung Testing: A-FHolding breath and converting measurementsCotton Ball Shot-put: G-KConverting distancesRight Handed Packing Peanuts Grab: L-RConverting massLeft-Handed Sponge Squeeze: S-ZConverting liquid

WRITING NUMBERS IN SCIENCE

Rules for Numbers in ScienceRule 1: Never use commas when writing large numbers, uses spaces instead 300 000 000.0NOT300,000,000.0

Rule 2: When writing a decimal number, always put a zero in front of the decimal0.004NOT.004

Rule 3: When writing numbers between 1 and 0, put spaces every three numbers (just like large numbers)0.000 000 003NOT0.000000003

Come up with a rationale for each of these rules

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION(aka: SciNo)

Scientific Notation in Action1 mole = 602 200 000 000 000 000 000 000 6.022 x 1023 or0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 434.3 x 10-25 or

Brainstorm some reasons why it is advantageous to write numbers in scientific notation

Rules of Scientific NotationRule 1: All numbers must be between 1 and >10Rule 2: All exponents on the 10 must be whole numbersRule 3: The exponent on the 10 is equal to the number of places you move the decimal to satisfy Rule #1.Rule 4: If the original number is between 1 and 0, the exponent will be negative; otherwise it is positiveRule 5: Only have as many numbers as you have significant figures

Practice with Scientific Notation4 240 000 000 = __________________0.000 080 040 = __________________0.002 030 = __________________1.663 x 10-6 = __________________3.03 x 104 = __________________3.40 x 10-4 = __________________4.24 x 1098.004 x 10-50.000 001 66330 300

Multiplication with Scientific NotationMultiply the numbers and ADD the exponents

(7.50 x 105 ) * (6.1 x 103 ) = 46 x 108

Division in Scientific NotationDivide the numbers and SUBTRACT the exponents

(7.50 x 103 ) / (6.1 x 105 ) = 1.2 x 10-2

Addition and Subtract in Scientific NotationYou must get the exponents the same for each number.

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES(bka: sig figs)

SIGNIFICANT FIGURESthe reliable digits in a measurement based on the accuracy of the measuring device

RULE #1: Nonzero digits are always significant324455 sig figs0.234355 sig figs2348.236 sig figs

RULE #2: Zeros are weird and come in 3 flavorsFLAVOR 1: Leading ZerosFLAVOR 2: Captive ZerosFLAVOR 3: Trailing Zeros

RULE #2.1 (Leading Zeros): These precede non-zero digits and dont count. They are only placeholders.0.00232 sig figs0.023004 sig figs

RULE #2.2 (Captive Zeros): These are between nonzero digits. They always count as sig figs.1.0094 sig figs230,0046 sig figs

RULE #2.3 (Trailing Zeros): These are zeros at the right end of the number. They are significant only if the numbers has a decimal point.100 = 1 sig fig1.00 x 102 = 3 sig figs100. = 3 sig figs

RULE #3: EXACT NUMBERS These are non-measured numbers (8 atoms), numbers in formulas (2r2), and numbers from definitions (1 in=2.54 cm). Exact numbers have an infinite number of sig figs.10 molecules = infinite sig figs4/3r3 = infinite sig figs = infinite sig figs

Mathematical Operations and SigFigs

Addition & SubtractionThe answer must have as many decimal places as the measurement having the least number of decimal places.

AdditionSubtraction

Multiplication & DivisionThe answer may contain only as many significant digits as the measurement with the least number of significant digits

MultiplicationDivision2 sigfigs3 sigfigs2 sigfigs1 sigfig4 sigfigs1 sigfig

Rules for RoundingRule 1: If the digit to be removed is less than 5, the preceding digit stays the same; if it is equal to or greater than 5, round the preceding digit up. Ignore all other numbers.3.04999=3.03.05999=3.1

Rule 2: In a series of calculations, carry the extra digits through to the final result, THEN round3.05 x 5.555 x 3.0 = 50.82825 = 51NOT3.1 x 5.6 x 3.0 = 52.08 = 52

GENERAL INFO ON SIG FIGSSig figs give you information on the EXACTNESS of a measurementUse sig figs ONLY when you are measuring something (ie not counting it). 36 students has an infinite number of sig figs.Ignore the number of sig figs in equations (A=bh/2) or definitions 1m = 1000mm

MORE INFO ON SIG FIGSAll digits in numbers written in scientific notation are significant (3.4543x104 has 5 sig figs)When measuring, ONLY ONE estimated digit is allowed to be significant

Rules for ConversionsWhen Going Small to Big put it on the bottom (add together absolute value of exponents) When Going Big to Small put it on the top (add together absolute value of exponents)

The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

We shall take a closer look at these steps and the terminology you will need to understand before you start a science project.

Problem/QuestionObservation/ResearchFormulate a HypothesisExperimentCollect and Analyze ResultsConclusionCommunicate the Results

Steps of the Scientific Method1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.

Steps of the Scientific Method2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.

Do you remember the next step?

Steps of the Scientific Method3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question.Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will increase.

Steps of the Scientific Method4. Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure.Include a detailed materials list.The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable).

Steps of the Scientific Method5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed.Confirm the results by retesting.Include tables, graphs, and photographs.

Steps of the Scientific Method6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis.Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.

Steps of the Scientific Method7. Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project to an audience.Expect questions from the audience.

Think you can name all seven steps?Problem/QuestionObservation/ResearchFormulate a HypothesisExperimentCollect and Analyze ResultsConclusionCommunicate the Results

Lets put our knowledge of the Scientific Method to a realistic example that includes some of the terms youll be needing to use and understand.

Problem/QuestionJohn watches his grandmother bake bread. He ask his grandmother what makes the bread rise.She explains that yeast releases a gas as it feeds on sugar.

Problem/Question

John wonders if the amount of sugar used in the recipe will affect the size of the bread loaf?

Caution!Be careful how you use effect and affect.Effect is usually a noun and affect, a verb. The effect of sugar amounts on the rising of bread.How does sugar affect the rising of bread?

Observation/ResearchJohn researches the areas of baking and fermentation and tries to come up with a way to test his question.He keeps all of his information on this topic in a journal.

John talks with his teacher and she gives him a Experimental Design Diagram to help him set up his investigation.

Formulate a HypothesisAfter talking with his teacher and conducting further research, he comes up with a hypothesis.If more sugar is added, then the bread will rise higher.

Hypothesis The hypothesis is an educated guess about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.Note: These variables will be defined in the next few slides.

Do you know the difference between the independent and dependent variables?

Independent Variable The independent, or manipulated variable, is a factor thats intentionally varied by the experimenter.John is going to use 25g., 50g., 100g., 250g., 500g. of sugar in his experiment.

Dependent Variable The dependent, or responding variable, is the factor that may change as a result of changes made in the independent variable.In this case, it would be the size of the loaf of bread.

ExperimentHis teacher helps him come up with a procedure and list of needed materials.She discusses with John how to determine the control group.

Control Group In a scientific experiment, the control is the group that serves as the standard of comparison.The control group may be a no treatment" or an experimenter selected group.

Control Group The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the variable being tested.All experiments should have a control group.

Control Group Because his grandmother always used 50g. of sugar in her recipe, John is going to use that amount in his control group.

ConstantsJohns teacher reminds him to keep all other factors the same so that any observed changes in the bread can be attributed to the variation in the amount of sugar.

Constants The constants in an experiment are all the factors that the experimenter attempts to keep the same.

Can you think of some constants for this experiment?

ConstantsThey might include:Other ingredients to the bread recipe, oven used, rise time, brand of ingredients, cooking time, type of pan used, air temperature and humidity where the bread was rising, oven temperature, age of the yeast

ExperimentJohn writes out his procedure for his experiment along with a materials list in his journal. He has both of these checked by his teacher where she checks for any safety concerns.

Trials

Trials refer to replicate groups that are exposed to the same conditions in an experiment.John is going to test each sugar variable 3 times.

Collect and Analyze ResultsJohn comes up with a table he can use to record his data.John gets all his materials together and carries out his experiment.

Size of Baked Bread (LxWxH) cm3Size of Bread Loaf (cm3)TrialsControl group

Collect and Analyze ResultsJohn examines his data and notices that his control worked the best in this experiment, but not significantly better than 100g. of sugar.

ConclusionJohn rejects his hypothesis, but decides to re-test using sugar amounts between 50g. and 100g.

Experiment

Once again, John gathers his materials and carries out his experiment.Here are the results.

Can you tell which group did the best?

Size of Baked Bread (LxWxH) cm3Size of Bread Loaf (cm3)TrialsControl group

ConclusionJohn finds that 70g. of sugar produces the largest loaf.His hypothesis is accepted.

Communicate the ResultsJohn tells his grandmother about his findings and prepares to present his project in Science class.

Objectives : Conduct an Experiment Compare biotic versus abiotic

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