Objectives:1. Explain why Native

Americans and settlers came into conflict.

2. Describe how the destruction of the buffalo herds affected the Plains Indians’ way of life.

3. Identify what happened at Wounded Knee.

Chapter 18 Lesson 3 – Broken Promises

Settlers & Indians Clash• Early 1800s – “Great American Desert”

• 1850s – “land good for farming and ranching”

• Fort Laramie Treaty – made by fed. Gov. with Indian Nations which promised money, animals, & tools if indians kept to certain lands.

• Chivington Massacre – entire Cheyenne village (150 total) were killed in retaliation of attacks on trains/settlers.– Outraged Native Americans

Efforts at Peace

• A Reservation is a limited area that is set aside for Native Americans.

• Treaties were signed with several indians nations.

Sioux War of 1876

• 1874 – Gold found in Black Hills

• Thousands of miners rushed to the land.

• Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse fought back at the Battle of Little Big Horn.– Defeated Colonel George Custer.– Lakotas & Cheyennes were forced onto

reservations.

Crow scouts of the 7th Calvary, survivors of the Battle of the Little Bighorn, a top Last Stand Hill on the Custer battlefield. The Battle of the Little Big Horn also known as Custer's Last Stand took place on June 25, 1876, and it was the pinnacle of the Indians' power.

           

                   

            

                          

            

                          

            

                          

1987 Ruth Ziolkowski in front of the upper 70 feetof Crazy Horse's "face" before detail work began on the nine-story-high face.

April 1990 Detail work and "polishing" had revealed much of the forehead.

February 1991 Work had begun on the eye openings and the nosewas beginning to take rough form.

June 1991 The 33' forehead had been shaped and the oval of the right eye was cut.

                   

                                   

                   

                                   

                   

                                   

                    

                                  

August 1993 Crazy Horse's nose emerged in space during this famous blast, with eyelids shaped and pupils simulated.

July 1994 Blasting continued on the leftcheek with the nose and cheekbones shaped and work beginning on the lips.

August 1996 A 31-foot-long stone pillar  was "shaved" off the face inthis 54-borehole blast as work progressed to the chin.

1998 Participants on the annual June hike up the

mountain give size perspective to the

completed face, dedicated June 3, 1998.

End of the Buffalo

• Buffalo were destroyed by thousands.• Hired hunters by the railroads killed buffalo

to feed railroad workers.• Buffalo hunting became a fashionable

sport.• Buffalo hide blankets became popular

back east.– Killed as much as 100 animals per hour.– Indians faced starvation.

The Ghost Dance

• Wovoka’s vision – The Great Spirit had taken pity on his people and would make them a new world.

• Settler’s thought they were preparing for war. The ghost dance was outlawed.

JD Challenger

Wounded Knee

• Sitting Bull was killed at Standing Rock Reservation.

• Lakotas fled to Wounded Knee Creek – as indians were surrendering, a single shot started the massacre.

• Wounded Knee ended the Ghost Dance and the Indian Wars.

Big Foots Miniconjou bandthis photo was taken 4 month before the massacre of Wounded Knee where the US cavalry killed nearly all of Big Foots band.

• Nez Perces tribe – Snake River Valley

• Gold was found there in 1860s.

• Chief Joseph initially refused to leave, but then fled to Canada.

“I will fight no more forever.”

Failed Reforms• Susette La Flesche – daughter of

an Omaha chief wrote and lectured about the destruction of the NA life.

• Alice Fletcher – agent of the Indian Bureau

• Dawes Act of 1887 – land was given to Indians for farming.

• Indian leaders had to give up power to federal officials.

• Helen Hunt Jackson – wrote “A Century of Dishonor”