OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Question 1 to Question 30 are followed by four options, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best option for each

question and blacken the corresponding space on the objective answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is the product of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in muscles? [K]

Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

A. Carbon dioxide and water Ethanol

B. Carbon dioxide and water Lactic acid

C. Lactic acid Ethanol

D. Lactic acid Carbon dioxide and water

2. The figure 1 shows the changes in the amount of yeast cells, ethanol and glucose solution under

anaerobic conditions. [K]

What are represented by curves P, Q and R?

Curve P Curve Q Curve RA Ethanol Yeast GlucoseB Yeast Glucose EthanolC Ethanol Glucose YeastD Yeast Ethanol Glucose

1

Figure 1

3. Table 1 shows the composition of four air samples. [U]

Sample Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water vapourA 24 0.3 SaturatedB 21 0.03 LittleC 14 7 SaturatedD 29 3 Little

Which air sample is the composition of air exhaled during vigorous activities?

4. What will happen to the blood temperature and lactic acid content in the muscles, during

extended periods of exercise? [U]

Blood temperature Lactic acid

A. Increase Increase

B. Increase Decrease

C. Decrease Decrease

D. Decrease Increase

5. To show that anaerobic respiration can occurs in yeast, a boiled glucose solution is added into yeast after the solution has cooled. The glucose is boiled to [U]

i. break it down into simple sugar

ii. remove oxygen from the solution

iii. kill the yeast

iv. kill the bacteria inn the glucose solution

A. i and ii only

B. ii and iii only

C. i and iv only

D. ii and iv only

2

Table 1

6. An athlete is running in a 100 meters race. The following changes take place in the athlete’s

body during the race. [APP]

K – Oxygen level in the muscle increases

L – Breathing rate increases

M – Carbon dioxide concentration in the blood increases

N – Muscle activity produces carbon dioxide

In which order do these changes occur?

A. K, L, M and N

B. L, N, M and K

C. N, K, L and M

D. N, M, L and K

7. Which differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans are true? [U]

Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respirationi Total energy produced per mole of glucose is

210 kJTotal energy produced per mole of glucose is 150 kJ

ii Occurs in mitochondria Occurs in cytoplasmiii The products of oxidation of glucose are

carbon dioxide and energyThe products of oxidation of glucose are lactic acid and energy

iv Incomplete oxidation of glucose Complete oxidation of glucose

A. i and iv only

B. ii and iii only

C. i, iii and iv only

D. ii, iii and iv only

3

8. Figure 2 shows an experiment that is carried out to investigate yeast activity. [APP]

The yeast is suspended in a boiled and cooled glucose solution. Which of the following activities is being

studied?

A. Diffusion of gas

B. Synthesis of fat

C. Synthesis of protein

D. Anaerobic respiration

4

Figure 2

9. Which graph shows the changes in the concentration of lactic acid in the muscles of an athlete

during and after a 5-minute run? [U]

10. The respiratory surfaces have the following characteristics: [K]

i. Large surface area

ii. Moist

iii. Thin

iv. Ciliated

A. i only

B. i and ii only

C. ii and iii only

D. i, ii, iii and iv

5

A

BD

C

11. The figure 3 shows the relationship between an alveolus and a blood capillary. [K]

What occurs at X?

i. Gaseous exchange

ii. Carbonic acid is converted into carbon dioxide

iii. Oxyhaemoglobin is formed in the red blood cells.

iv. Oxygen dissolves in the moist surface of the alveolus.

A. i and ii only

B. ii and iii only

C. i, iii and iv only

D. i, ii, iii and iv

12. Breathing through the lungs for frogs is not efficient because [U]

i. There is not much alveolus for gas exchange.

ii. There is no ribcage to expand and reduce its thoracic cavity.

iii. The mouth cavity is primarily used for breathing.

iv. There is no diaphragm to change the volume of the lungs.

6

Figure 3

A. i and iii only

B. i, ii and iv only

C. ii, iii and iv only

D. i, ii, iii, and iv

13. Breathing through the lungs for humans is efficient because [U]

i. The lungs contain a large surface area of alveoli

ii. The lungs contain very thick walls of alveoli

iii. The lungs contain a moist respiratory surface of alveoli

iv. The lungs contain a rich supply of blood capillaries of alveoli

A. i and ii only

B. ii,and iii only

C. i, iii, and iv only

D. i, ii, iii and iv

14. The figure 4 shows a part of the respiratory system of an insect. [U]

7

Figure 4

Which statement is correct?

A. Q penetrates into S.

B. P has valves which can open and close.

C. S contains fluid for gases to dissolve in.

D. R is lined with rings of chitin to prevent it from collapsing.

15. The figure 5 shows a model of the rib cage used to demonstrate the breathing mechanism in

humans. [APP]

Which of the following takes place as the position of the ribs changes from X to Y?

X to Y ProcessA Volume of the thoracic cavity increases InhalationB Volume of the thoracic cavity decreases ExhalationC Pressure in the lungs increases InhalationD Pressure in the lungs decreases Exhalation

16. The table shows the breathing rate and changes in the air volume during rest and exercise. [APP]

Breathing rate (time/ minute) Air volume for each inhalation (cm3)At rest 12 500After exercise 24 1000

8

Figure 5

Calculate the increase in air volume per minute after the exercise.

A. 6000 cm3

B. 12000 cm3

C. 15000 cm3

D. 18000 cm3

17. A J-tube is used to determine the oxygen content in a sample of exhaled air. [APP]

Length of exhaled air column = 10.0 cm

Length of air column upon adding potassium hydroxide solution = 9.6 cm

Length of air column upon adding alkaline potassium pyrogallate solution = 8.0 cm

What is the percentage of oxygen content in exhaled air?

A. 4%

B. 8%

C. 16%

D. 17%

18. The following changes take place in an athlete’s body during a 100 m race. [APP]

P: increased availability of oxygen to muscles

Q: increased breathing rate

R: increased muscular activity, stimulating stretch receptors

9

What is the correct order for the above to occur?

A. P→Q→R

B. R→Q→P

C. Q→P→R

D. P→R→Q

19. Which of the following is not the form of carbon dioxide that is transportee from the blood to

the lungs? [K]

A. Carbaminohaemoglobin

B. Carbonic acid

C. Sodium bicarbonate

D. Carboxyhaemoglobin

20. The figure 6 shows the transport of gases between the heart and blood capillaries of the lung.

[K]

10

Figure 6

Which of the following is true about the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood vessels P

and Q?

Partial pressure of

oxygen in P

Partial pressure of

carbon dioxide in P

Partial pressure of

oxygen in Q

Partial pressure of

carbon dioxide in Q

A Low High High Low

B Low High Low High

C High Low High Low

D High Low Low High

21. Figure 7 shows the exchange of gases at the alveolus. [U]

Which of the following conditions increase the rate of oxygen transfer from the alveolus into the blood

capillary?

Oxygen content in alveolus Oxygen content in blood Rate of blood-flowA High Low FastB High Low SlowC Low High FastC Low High Slow

11

Figure 7

22. If both fish and humans are of the same size, why do you think the rate of oxygen supply to

body cells in humans is faster than the rate of oxygen supply to the body cells in fish? [ANA]

i. The human heart is more muscular and efficient in pumping blood throughout the body.

ii. The gill system in fish is inefficient in gaseous exchange if the size of the fish is very large.

iii. The gill system in fish requires a large volume of water for gaseous exchange if the size of the

fish is very large.

A. i only

B. i and ii only

C. ii and iii only

D. i, ii and iii

23. One of the factors which affect the breathing rate is the type of activities. Which of the following

indicate the breathing rate between individual A who is in sleeping and individual B who is in the

middle of swimming? [U]

Rate of breathingIndividual A Individual B

A High HighB Low HighC Low LowD High Low

12

24. What happens when the amount of oxygen is insufficient to produce the amount of energy

needed during exercise such as running? [APP]

A. The person will run slower incase to reduce the consumption of his/her energy which still left

behind.

B. The heart beat become slower to make sure all the oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave

efficiently into the working muscle cell.

C. The breathing rate as well as the heart beat becomes increase to supply more oxygen and

remove more carbon dioxide produce during exercising.

D. The person still running without affecting by the lack of energy.

25. Which of the following chemical substances may harm your respiratory system? [K]

A. Magnesium

B. Sodium

C. Calcium

D. Cyanide

13

26. Figure 6 shows an experiment to demonstrate the effects of cigarette smoke on lungs. [U]

Based on the experiment, which of the following is true?

A. The bicarbonate indicator solution turns into blue color.

B. The thermometer used to indicate room temperature.

C. The solution of bicarbonate turns into chalky color which indicate presence of carbon dioxide

D. Moist cotton represent of human lungs which are moisten.

27. The distribution of stomata in three varieties of plants is determined. The results are shown in

table below. [ANA]

Variety of plantsNumber of stomata per mm2 of leaf

Upper epidermis Lower epidermisK 140 40L 100 0M 20 5

14

Figure 6

Based on the results, L is identified as an aquatic plant. Why do you think that the stomata of aquatic

plants are more distributed on the upper epidermis of the leaves?

Pick a statement below which best describes why L is an aquatic plant.

A. This adaptation enables plant L to exchange gases with the atmosphere efficiently.

B. Plant L does not require stomata on the lower epidermis since there is no sunlight available

under the water.

C. Since there are more free oxygen molecules available at the surface of the water, no stomata

are distributed on the lower epidermis.

D. The guard cells of the stomata becomes turgid when they come in contact with water, hence, no

stomata are distributed on the lower epidermis.

28. Which of the following are likely to take place in leaves when the intensity of light is low? [APP]

i. The rate of photosynthesis is the same as the rate of respiration.

ii. The glucose produced during photosynthesis is used for respiration.

iii. Carbon dioxide is absorbed through the stomata for photosynthesis

iv. There is a net gain of oxygen in the leaf.

A. i and ii only

B. iii and iv only

C. i, iii, and iv only

D. ii, iii, and iv only

15

29. Table below shows the different respiratory organs between different organisms. [ANA]

Protozoa Insects Fish Amphibians HumansRespiratory organs None Trachea Gills Skin and lungs Lungs

Why do the protozoa have no respiratory organ?

A. Oxygen is abundant in the normal habitat of the protozoa.

B. The diffusion of gases occurs easily through the body of the protozoa.

C. The protozoa have a small surface area to volume ratio.

D. The protozoa do not need to exchange gases with their environment.

16

STRUCTURE QUESTIONS

Answer all questions in this section.

knowledge

1. Diagram below shows two different types of animals.

a) Name the respiratory structures of animal A and B and state one function for each structure. [4

marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

understanding

b) State three similar characteristics between the respiratory structures of animals A and B which

are adapted to increase their efficiency in gaseous exchange. [3 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

ana

c) State the structure that surrounds the respiratory structure of animal B but is not found in

animal A and explain why it does not need the structure. [3 marks]

17

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

aplikasi

d) Draw and label the respiratory structures of animal A. [5 marks]

1(e)

evaluation

18

know

2. Figure above show the cross section of a leaves.

a) Label the structures A-E and state one function for each structure. [10 marks]

A. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

B. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

C. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

D. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

E. ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

know

b) What substances are transported by structure B and structure C? [2 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

19

under

c) What will happen to structure A if the light intensity is high? Explain. [2 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

syn

d) Describe the function of structure A, B and C during photosynthesis. [6 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2(e) syn

20

SUGGESTION ANSWERS

OBJECTIVE

1. A

2. C

3. C

4. D

5. D

6. A

7. D

8. C

9. A

10. D

11. D

12. B

13. C

14. C

15. A

16. A

17. B

18. C

19. D

20. B

21. B

22. D

23. B

24. B

25. C

26. C

27. B

28. B

29. A

30. B

21

STRUCTURE

1. Diagram below shows two different types of animals.

a) Name the respiratory structures of animals A and B. [2marks]

A – tracheoles B – gills

b) State three similar characteristics between the respiratory structures of animals A and B which are adapted to increase their efficiency in gaseous exchange. [3marks]

Both have thin walls, occurs in large number and are always moist.

c) State the structure that surrounds the respiratory structure of animal B but is not found in animal A. [1 mark]

Blood capillaries

d) Explain why animal A does not need the structure as mentioned in (c). [1 mark]

Because each cell in the insect’s body has a tracheole.

e) In the space below, draw and label the respiratory structures of animals A and B. [4 marks]

2. Figure 2 above scow the cross section of a leaves.

a) Label the structures A-E.A. Guard cell B. phloem C. xylem D. stomata

b) What is the main function of structure B in the leaf?

Transporting an organic matter produce during photosynthesis such as glucose from the leaf to all over part of the plants

c) What kind of substances transport in structure B and C during photosynthesis?

Structure B transporting organic matter produce within photosynthesis in the leaf to the root

While, structure C transporting water and mineral absorb by the root from soil to the leaf which required for photosynthesis to occur.

d) What will happen to the structure A if the intensity of a light becomes high? Explain.

When the intensity of light becomes high, the rates of photosynthesis gradually increase.

The guards cell open widely to allow gaseous exchange to occur.

As the guard cell open, uptake and release of carbon dioxide and oxygen from the leaf to the surrounding air occur, therefore gaseous exchanges will occur efficiently.

The rate of photosynthesis becomes faster than of respiration, resulting in a net intake of carbon dioxide by the plants from the surrounding.

e) Describe the function of structure A, B and C during photosynthesis take place.

Guard cell functionally as a pathway of gaseous exchange from the plants to the surrounding.

Guard cells allow intake of carbon dioxide which essential for photosynthesis and release oxygen which is the byproduct of photosynthesis to the surrounding.

Other byproduct of photosynthesis is organic matter such as sugar in form of glucose, they were transported to all over the plants such a stem and roots towards the phloem.

Xylem transported water and mineral from the root which absorbed from the soil used in the photosynthesis process.

JADUAL SPESIFIKASI UJIAN

Objective questions

Knowledge Understanding Application Analyze Total7.1 The respiratory process in energy production.

2(Q1, Q2) 5(Q3-Q7) 2(Q8, Q9) - 9

7.2 The respiratory structures and breathing mechanisms in humans and animals.

2(Q10, Q11) 3(Q12-Q14) 4(Q15-18) - 9

7.3 Gaseous exchange across the respiratory surfaces and transport of gases in humans.

2(Q19, Q20) 1(Q21) 1(Q22) 1(Q23) 5

7.4 The regulatory mechanism in respiration.

- 1(Q24) 1(Q25) - 2

7.5 The importance of maintaining a healthy respiratory system.

1(Q26) 1(Q27) - 1(Q28) 3

7.6 Respiratory in plants. - - 1(Q29) 1(Q30) 2Total 7 11 9 3 30

Structured questions

Knowledge Understanding Application Analyze7.1 The respiratory process in energy production.7.2 The respiratory structures and breathing mechanisms in humans and animals.

1(a), 1(e) 1(b), 1(c) - 1(d)

7.3 Gaseous exchange across the respiratory surfaces and transport of gases in humans.7.4 The regulatory mechanism in respiration.7.5 The importance of maintaining a healthy respiratory system.

2(a), 2(b), 2(c)

2(e) - 2(d)

7.6 Respiratory in plants.Total