Objective 16.01 Define Common electrical terms Define Common electrical terms.

Objective 16.01Objective 16.01

• Define Common electrical termsDefine Common electrical terms

Electrical TermsElectrical Terms

• Electricity: a source of energy that can Electricity: a source of energy that can be converted to light, heat, or powerbe converted to light, heat, or power– A movement of electrons caused by A movement of electrons caused by

electrical pressure or voltageelectrical pressure or voltage– The amount of energy produced depends The amount of energy produced depends

on the number of electrons in motionon the number of electrons in motion

• Electricity is produced from generators Electricity is produced from generators that are run by water, steam, or internal that are run by water, steam, or internal combustion enginescombustion engines

HydroelectricHydroelectric

• Water used as a Water used as a source of power to source of power to turn generatorsturn generators

• Examples: Examples: Fontana DamFontana Dam– Niagra Falls DamNiagra Falls Dam– Kinzua DamKinzua Dam

TVATVA

• TVA: Tennessee Valley AuthorityTVA: Tennessee Valley Authority

• May 18, 1933 TVA Act was signed by May 18, 1933 TVA Act was signed by President Franklin D. RooseveltPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt

• 1942: 12 hydroelectric dams where 1942: 12 hydroelectric dams where being built in the area employing being built in the area employing 28,000 people.28,000 people.

TVATVA

Power Plant Step-Up Substation

High-Voltage Transmission

Local Substation

Large Industrial User

Farms SchoolsSmall

Businesses

TransmissionSubstation

ResidentialElectricalDelivery

Homes

Inside a generating plant,Inside a generating plant,

water is heatedwater is heated to to

steamsteam by nuclear reaction by nuclear reaction

or fuels such as natural gas, or fuels such as natural gas,

oil and coal. oil and coal. Steam turns Steam turns

turbines and magnets turbines and magnets

to produce electric to produce electric

energy.energy. Water at Water at

hydroelectric dams also can hydroelectric dams also can

turn turbines.turn turbines.

The Path of Electricity

Power Plant


Substation transformers Substation transformers

at generating plants at generating plants

increase electric energy’s increase electric energy’s

pressure (voltage) so it can pressure (voltage) so it can

move long distances over move long distances over

power lines that transmit power lines that transmit

up to up to 500,000500,000 volts.volts.

Step-Up Substation


• High-voltage transmission High-voltage transmission

lines lines carry electric energy carry electric energy over long distances.over long distances.

• Insulators on Insulators on

the towers prevent energy the towers prevent energy

from going into the ground from going into the ground

or on the structure.or on the structure.

High-VoltageTransmission


Transformers at high-Transformers at high-voltage voltage

substations reduce substations reduce voltage to voltage to

a lower level (34,500 to a lower level (34,500 to

115,000 volts) suitable for 115,000 volts) suitable for

local uselocal use..



Some large industries Some large industries need high voltage powerneed high voltage power (2,300 to (2,300 to 4,000 volts) 4,000 volts) to run heavy machineryto run heavy machinery. .

They usually have a small substation outside the facility.They usually have a small substation outside the facility.

Large Industrial User


Transformers in medium-Transformers in medium-

voltage neighborhood voltage neighborhood

substations substations reduce the reduce the

voltage even more voltage even more

to be distributed to to be distributed to

homes and businesses.homes and businesses.

Your electric cooperative Your electric cooperative

operates several of these operates several of these

substations.substations.



Your cooperative’s distribution lines Your cooperative’s distribution lines carry 7,200 to 13,200 volts of carry 7,200 to 13,200 volts of

powerpower. These poles may also hold telephone and cable TV lines. In . These poles may also hold telephone and cable TV lines. In some areas, distribution lines are in underground conduits.some areas, distribution lines are in underground conduits.

Distribution Lines


ElectricElectric power passes through power passes through transformers on poles to transformers on poles to reduce reduce voltage to levels for use inside farms, voltage to levels for use inside farms, schools, small businesses and homes schools, small businesses and homes (120/240 volts).(120/240 volts).

Are

a en

larg

ed

Transformers on Poles


• AmpereAmpere: the rate of flow of electricity: the rate of flow of electricity

• VoltVolt: the measurement of electrical : the measurement of electrical pressurepressure

• WattWatt: the measurement of electrical : the measurement of electrical powerpower

• KilowattKilowatt: 1000 watts: 1000 watts

• Circuit BreakerCircuit Breaker: protects circuits form : protects circuits form overload of current by tripping to break or overload of current by tripping to break or open the circuitopen the circuit


• FuseFuse: protects circuits form overload : protects circuits form overload by melting a metal strip in the fuseby melting a metal strip in the fuse

• ConductorsConductors: materials such as : materials such as copper, aluminum, or water that will copper, aluminum, or water that will carry or conduct electricitycarry or conduct electricity

• InsulatorsInsulators: materials such as rubber : materials such as rubber and plastics that will not conduct and plastics that will not conduct electricityelectricity


• Hot wireHot wire: a current-carrying conductor : a current-carrying conductor under electrical pressureunder electrical pressure

• Neutral wireNeutral wire: a current-carrying : a current-carrying conductor NOT under electrical conductor NOT under electrical pressure (has volts)pressure (has volts)

• Ground wireGround wire: a conducting wire that : a conducting wire that transmits current to the earth to transmits current to the earth to minimize the danger of electrical shockminimize the danger of electrical shock


Area enlarged

ResidentialElectrical Delivery

Objective 16.01 Define Common electrical terms Define Common electrical terms.

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