OB Updated 1 Sept

8/3/2019 OB Updated 1 Sept

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ATTRIBUTION

THEORY,

FUNDAMENTALATTRIBUTION ERROR


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PERCEPTION


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A process by which individuals organize and interpret their

sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their

environment


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A process by which individuals organize and interpret their

sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their

environment


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Factors That InfluencePerception

Factors canreside in theperceiver; in

the object ortarget beingperceived; orin the context

of thesituation inwhich theperception


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Person Perception

Characteristics of the person being observed

Context of situation

Own personal characteristics

Person Perception refers to the differentmental processes that we use to formimpressions of other people.

Subjective process depending on :-


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Attribution Theory

Observation Interpretation Attribution of Cause


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Role Play


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Attribution Factor 1

Consensus

Engineering Exam


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Sr.

No

Name of Student Marks

Obtained

Result

1 Vishal Maheshwari 08 FAIL

2 Neha Shah 06 FAIL

3 Janki Desai 09 FAIL

4 Harshael Sawant 03 FAIL

5 Kishore Kannan 10 FAIL

The Result


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Distinctiveness


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Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency of a person to overestimate the internalcause and underestimate the external causes is known asfundamental attribution error.


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Fundamental Attribution Error

Actor-Observer Bias

Fundamental attribution error does not consider theinterpretations of ones own behaviour. This

discrepancy is known as actor-observer bias.

Self Serving Bias

The tendency of individuals to attribute their own

successes to internal factors and failures to externalfactors


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WAYS TO REDUCE THE ERRORS

Taking heed of the consensus

Empathizing with the target

Look at situation in a rational and logical manner.


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Judging Others


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JUDGING OTHERS

1.Selective Perception

Selective perception is the personal filtering of what wesee and hear so as to suit our own needs.

People selectively interpret what they see on the basis oftheir interests, background, experience, and attitudes.

How does selective perception work?


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JUDGING OTHERS


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JUDGING OTHERS

3.Stereotyping Judging someone on the

basis of ones perceptionof the group to whichthat person belongs.


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JUDGING OTHERS


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PROJECTION

Attributing ones owncharacteristics to other people

People engaged in projections,can distort perceptions made

about others.


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APPLICATION OF SHORTCUTS INORGANISATION

Employment Interview

Perceptual biases of raters affect the accuracy of interviewersjudgments of applicants.

PerformanceExpectations

Self-fulfilling prophecy(pygmalion effect): The loweror higher performance ofemployees reflectspreconceived leader

expectations about employeecapabilities.


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APPLICATION OF SHORTCUTS INORGANISATION

Ethnic Profiling A form of stereotyping in

which a group ofindividuals is singledouttypically on thebasis of race orethnicityfor intensiveinquiry, scrutinizing, or

investigation.


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PERCEPTION & DECISION MAKING

ProblemA perceiveddiscrepancybetween the

current state ofaffairs and adesired state.

DecisionsChoices madefrom amongalternatives

developed fromdata perceived

as relevant.

Outcomes


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OUTCOME

Individuals inorganizations make

decisions; they make

choices from amongtwo or more alternatives

Every decision requiresinterpretation and

evaluation of

information. Theperceptions of thedecision maker willaddress these two

issues

Decision-making occursas a reaction to a

problem


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TO CONCLUDE


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Q & A

OB Updated 1 Sept

Documents

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