Oaminal.paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

8/8/2019 Oaminal.paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

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y A syndrome of characteristic symptomspredominantly neurologic which occur within

minutes or several hours after ingestion ofpoisonous shellfish.


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Causative organism:

Single celled organism called dinoflagellates (less than30 kinds out of about 2000 varieties become poisonousafter heavy rainfall preceded by prolonged summer). It iscommonly referred to as plankton. The organism thatcauses red tide in the seas around Manila Bay, Samar,

Bataan, and Sambales is the Pyromidium bahamense var.compressum.


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Mode of Transmission:

Ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked seafood usually bi-valve shellfish or mollusks during the red tide season.


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Incubation Period: Varies from about 30 minutes to several hours afteringestion of poisonous shellfish.


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Signs and Symptoms:y N umbness of the face especially around the mouthy Vomiting and dizzinessy Headachey Tingling sensation, paresthesia and eventual paralysis

of hands and feety Floating sensation and weaknessy Rapid pulsey Difficulty of speech(ataxia) and difficulty

swallowing(dysphagia)y Total muscle paralysis w/respiratory arrest and death

occur in severe cases.


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y Sh

ellfis h

affected by red tide must not be cooh

vinegar as t h e toxin of Pyromidium increases (1 greater) w h en mixed wit h acid.

y Toxin of red tide is not totally destroyed uh ence consumers must be educated to avoidmollusks suc h as ta h ong, talaba,h alaan, kabiya, abanik(sun and moon s h ell or Asian scallop) w h en t h e red tidewarningh as been issued by t h e proper aut h orities.


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Management and Control Measures:

y No definite medication indicated y Induce vomiting y Drinking pure coconut milk weakens the toxic effect of red

tide sodium bicarbonate solution (25 grams in glass of water maybe taken). Drinking of coconut milk and sodiumbicarbonate solution is advised during the early stage of

poisoning only. If given during the late stage, they make thecondition of the pt. worse.


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Red tidey R ed tide is a common name for a phenomenon more

correctly known as an algal bloom , an event in whichestuarine, marine, or fresh water algae accumulaterapidly in the water column . These algae, morespecifically phytoplankton , are single-celled protists,plant-like organisms that can form dense, visiblepatches near the water's surface. Certain species of phytoplankton , such as Dinoflagellate, contain

photosynthetic pigments that vary in colour fromgreen to brown to red.


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y Some red tides are associated with the production of naturaltoxins, depletion of dissolved oxygen or other harmful effects,and are generally described as harmful algal blooms. The mostconspicuous effects of red tides are the associated wildlifemortalities among marine and coastal species of fish, birds,marine mammals and other organisms. In the case of Floridared tides, these mortalities are caused by exposure to a potentneurotoxin called brevetoxin which is produced naturally by themarine algae Karenia brevis.

Oaminal.paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

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