Mauna Loa

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Atm

osph

eric

[C

O2]

(pp

mv)

300

320

340

360

380

400

Oak Ridge Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment in sweet gum forest

FACE 1998Control 1998

Nevada Desert FACE experimentin Mojave Desert near Las Vegas

Home range

Introducedarea

Disturbedarea

Naturalarea

Geographic

ReproduceEnvironment

Disperse

Richardson et al. (2000)

Lantana camara

10 hypotheses:

a) Competition hypothesis

b) Escape from biotic constraints hypothesis

c) BCW (allelopathy) hypothesis

d) Microevolutionary change hypothesis

e) Vacant niche hypothesis

f) Biodiversity hypothesis

g) Variable resource availability hypothesis

h) Disturbance and land use hypothesis

i) Environmental change hypothesis

j) Anthropogenic hypothesis