The primordial ’soup’ of QUARKS and GLUONS Can we make and study it on earth?
O Plasma de Quarks e Gluons Carlos Eduardo Aguiar IF-UFRJ.
Transcript of O Plasma de Quarks e Gluons Carlos Eduardo Aguiar IF-UFRJ.
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O Plasma de Quarks e Gluons
Carlos Eduardo AguiarIF-UFRJ
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Quarks
Qe = 2/3 B = 1/3
Qe = -1/3 B = 1/3b s dt c u
Qe = -2/3 B = -1/3
Qe = 1/3 B = -1/3b s dt c u
quarks
antiquarks
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Hádrons
Bárions
qq q
Mésons
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A Carga de Cor
)Q,,Q,Q(Q 821
fabc SU(3)[Qa, Qb] = i fabc Qc
Multipletos de Cor: ,8,6,6,3,3,1
Q8
Q3Q3
Q8Q8
Q3
8Q}3{ 2 8Q}3{ 2 0Q}1{ 2
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Hádron:
Quark:
Antiquark: }3{cor
}3{cor
}1{cor "branco"
"cian""magenta" "amarelo"
"vermelho""verde""azul"
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Glúons
quark
quark
glúonGlúon: }8{cor
A cor é conservada:
Q2 = 18
glúonfquarkiquark QQQ
)()(
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Cromodinâmica Quântica (QCD)
g
g
g
gg
g g
Não há processos semelhantes na Eletrodinâmica Quântica!Os fótons não têm carga elétrica.
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Confinamento da Cor
Evácuo = B V
Pvácuo = -B
B = "pressão do vácuo"
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Equação de Estado (nB=0)
Hádrons:
Quarks e Glúons:
4TaP
BTaP 4qg
3 píons, m=0
2 quarks , mq=0
32 )c(30/a
32qg )c(90/37a
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Gás Ideal
]T/)[(exp1lnqdT)2(
g),T(P q
33
22q mp
EinsteinBose1
DiracFermi1
4422
33
TaT)(exp1lnd2
g
)T/q(exp1lnqdT)2(
g)T(P
m=0, =0
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Transição de Fase Quark-Hádron
0 50 100 150 200 250T (M eV)
-0 .5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0P
(G
eV
/fm3
)Q uarks/G lúonsH ádrons
B = 0.4 G eV/fm 3
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Temperatura Crítica
Ph(Tc) = Pqg(Tc)
MeV170Tfm/MeV400B C3
4/1
qgC aa
BT
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Densidade de Energia
C4
qg
C4
TT,BTa3TT,Ta3
E
0 50 100 150 200 250T (M eV)
0
1
2
3
4
5
E (
Ge
V/fm
3)
Q uarks/G lúonsH ádrons
B = 0.4 G eV/fm 3
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[F. Karsch, 1995]nB = 0
QCD (na rede)
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A História do Universo
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Diagrama de Fases da Matéria Nuclear
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Colisões de Íons Pesados Relativísticos
Pb+Pb 160 GeV/A
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Simulação (URQMD) de uma Colisão de Íons Pesados Relativísticos
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Simulação (VIN) de uma Colisão de Íons Pesados Relativísticos
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Resultados do SPSSupressão do J/
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Resultados do SPSAumento da estranheza
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[ STAR 30+30 GeV/A ]
Primeiras Colisões no RHIC
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Partículas Produzidas
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Termalização
[STAR 65+65 GeV/A]
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Hidrodinâmica
fm /c
Au + AuEnn = 130 G eV b = 0 fm
Tem peratura
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Hidrodinâmica
fm /c
Au + AuEnn = 130 G eV b = 0 fm
Tem peratura