UNIFLO / UNIMAX PIPE CHARACTERISTICS

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Receiving and handling pipes and fittings Receiving Soleno pipes and fittings are manufactured in compliance with their own AASHTO, BNQ or CSA standards, according to strict criteria of Quality Control as established in Soleno’s Quality Assurance program. The majority of Soleno products are certified by one or more independent organizations. All pipes that are shipped are compliant and acceptable for their intended usage.

However, when receiving an order and before accepting a delivery on site, it is the customer’s responsibility to verify if there are any damaged or missing pipes. The procedure is as follows:

1. Guide the truck driver to the unloading site to facilitate handling. The surface must be flat, stable, and free of stones and debris.

2. Check the entire load to verify the quality of products. Make a note of damaged products.

3. Unload the truck, being careful to avoid any movement, which could cause injury to the personnel or damage the product. Check the total quantities against the bill of lading. Make note of missing products.

4. DO NOT DISCARD DAMAGED MATERIALS. Identify them carefully for later inspection and ensure that the driver has recorded the damage.

5. DO NOT RESHIP before receiving the authorization from the Customer Service department of the distributor or Soleno. A new order must be placed for the replacement of damaged materials.

Handling Soleno pipes and fittings are delivered to the site in bundles or units depending on the type of product and the customer’s requirements. In order to avoid any damage to pipes and fittings, the person in charge of the site must adhere to the following recommendations:

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DO NOT DROP PIPES AND FITTINGS1 RESPECT APPLICABLE SAFETY REGULATIONS

Bundles Bundles2 must be unloaded in the same way they were loaded, using a forklift, an excavator or a loader.

1. Unload pipes by bundle, deposit the bundles on the ground (flat surface) and do not stack more than 2 bundles high.

2. Hold the bundles in place using blocks. 3. Do not raise the bundles using chains or single cables. Do not use the wooden cases

used to hold the load for lifting purposes. 4. Use straps or forks with widely spaced openings [3.0m (10’)]. 5. If unloading equipment is not available, follow the method for Units, page 4. Undo

layer-by-layer, ensuring they do not fall to the ground. Use blocks and straps to hold the lower layer in place.

6. Be careful not to hit the bell when handling and

storing.

1 DO NOT LET PIPES AND FITTINGS FALL TO THE GROUND.

Corrugated HDPE pipes are extremely shock-resistant. On the other hand, by handling in this way, it is possible to cause a deformation or a break on the outside wall or the bell and/or to damage the gasket (for bell and gasket pipe) that may affect the installation and/or the performance.

2 Bundles are made up of U N I M A X ® pipes.

Figure 8.1:

Moving bundles of UNIMAX® pipe on-site.

3m (10')

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Units

When shipped in bulk: 1. Unload the truck, pipe by pipe, taking care not to drop pipes on the ground. 2. Follow safety rules in handling, a minimum of one person, one at each end. 3. Pipes measuring 450mm (18") or less in diameter may be moved manually.

4. The 525mm (21") to 750mm (30") diameters, as well as lengths of 3m (9.84’) of 1200mm (48"), must be moved using a forklift, an excavator or a loader. To do so, a strap is tied to the middle of the pipe.

5. Diameters of 900mm (36") and larger are attached in two places 3m (10’) apart to

facilitate handling.

6. Do not use forks directly on the inside of pipes.

Figure 8.2:

Moving a U N I M A X ® pipe ≤ 450mm (18") on site

Figure 8.3:

Moving a U N I M A X ® 525mm (21") to 750mm (30") (and 3m of 1200mm (48")) pipe

Figure 8.4:

Moving a U N I M A X ® ≥900mm (36") pipe

Middle of the pipe

Proper technique

Risk of impact

3m (10')

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Worksite storage

Soleno pipes and fittings are delivered to the worksite in bundles or units. They must be appropriately stored on the site.

1. Deposit the pipe on a clear, flat surface, removed from any significant heat source.

2. The maximum stack height of bundles at the worksite is two.

3. The maximum stack height of pipe at the worksite is 1.5m (5’).

4. Use chocks to prevent the pile of pipes from falling down which could result in

damage to the pipes, or worse still, cause injury to a person (see figure 8.5).

5. In the case of bell joints, alternate the direction of pipe lengths to avoid deformation at the joint, which would cause the pile to be unstable (see Figure 8.5).

6. Do not attempt to pile pipes with a diameter exceeding 450mm (18") to avoid the risk of injury during handling. Diameters of 750mm (30") or more are deposited individually on the ground.

7. During installation, follow the instructions for moving UNITS, page 3.

8. If gaskets are supplied separately, connecting the gasket to the pipe is easier in cold temperatures if the gaskets have been stored at a temperature of 10°c (50°F).

9. If the pipes are stockpiled along the trench, they should be as close as possible to the trench, on the opposite side from the backfill, to reduce handling.

Figure 8.5: Stockpiling corrugated HDPE U N I M A X ® pipes at the worksite.

Stockpiling bell joint pipeStockpiling bundles Storage in pile

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10. For outdoor storage for an extended period of time, a UV inhibitor protects the Soleno pipes. On the other hand, certain accessories do not include the same resistance. Some Geotextile Membrane used for wrapping pipe requires particular treatment. It is therefore advisable to avoid deterioration by using an opaque material such as a tarp for long-term storage or in weather conditions such as rain and frost. For more information call the Customer Service department of the distributor or Soleno.

Trench installation

Safety Trenches can be hazardous places. The contractor is responsible to ensure that all safety requirements are respected for the protection of workers and the public.

Excavation and Trench Preparation Plans and estimates must indicate the direction and the slope of the trench. Technical considerations for installation are to be followed as for all types of pipe HDPE, PVC, Concrete and Steel.

TRENCH WIDTH (For more detail, see chapter 7)

1. The width of the trench at ground level varies depending on local conditions.

2. Trench width should be kept at a minimum.

3. As a general rule, trench width should not exceed the outside diameter of the pipe plus 600 mm (24"), ASTM D2321.

4. If the trench is wider, fill with compacted backfill material over approximately 2½ OD of pipe, each side of the pipe or up to the trench wall, for pipes of 250 mm (10") and less. For pipes with a diameter larger than 300 mm (12”), fill the trench with compacted backfill material over approximately 1¼ OD of pipe or 600 mm (24")--choose the higher value—each side of the pipe or up to the wall of the trench.

Figure 8.6: Trench

Figure 8.7: ASTM Width

Figure 8.8: Wide width

Flection line

Beddingminimum

100 to 150mm(4 to 6")

Haunching zone

Initial backfill

minimum150mm(6")

Final backfill

minimum150mm(6")

Foundation(if necessary)

Env

elop

e

Class I, II or III

Excavation soil or same as below

Legend

Trench width

Pipe

zo

ne

Class I or II

Pipe zone

Trench width

OD

Bedding

Pipe zone

Trench width

OD

Bedding

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0.3m (12'')minimum

or0.75D

Maximum

0.6 m(24'')

+-

3DMax. D + 1200mm (D + 4')Soft native soil foundation

D + 0.3m (D + 12'')Rock or other solid

foundation

Backfill of materialcompacted to 90-95%

Proctor

D

Class Ior II

preferably

5. The haunch zone under the pipe is very important. Leave enough space each side to allow for good compaction and eliminate voids.

6. Minimum trench width should not be less than the minimum width of bedding, depending on the type of soil, when installed under pavement (see Table 8.1).

7. In the case of a parallel installation, leave enough space to allow for compaction with condensed backfill material. The minimum space is 300mm (12") for pipes of 600mm (24") in diameter or less. For diameters over 600mm (24"), the space equals ½ D.

8. Under pavement: Backfill should be applied according to the

following minimum requirements: a. The bedding must meet the requirement of Figure 8.10 and Table 8.1. The

material must be Class I or II, compacted to 90-95% standard Proctor. Do not use frozen material.

Figure 8.9:

Parallel pipes

Figure 8.10:

Bedding types

Minimum space

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Figure 8.11:

Note: Recommended values calculated according to the ASTM D2321 standard. Depending on local bylaws, the values may be higher; the engineer may modify the values depending on the conditions of the site. Even if it is acceptable according to ASTM 2321 standard, we do not recommend a bedding height less than to the values cited in the above table.

b. The haunch zone and the initial backfill are filled using Class I, Class II or Class III material, compacted to 90% or 95% standard Proctor depending on the site. Up to the pipe spring line (haunch zone), apply backfill in layers of 150mm (6"). Initial and final backfill can be applied in layers of 300mm (12"). Initial backfill must pass the crown of the pipe by at least 150mm (6").

c. The final backfill is applied using the excavation materials or a compressible soil. Backfill material must be compacted to 90% standard Proctor.

8. Non-pavement and private lane: Backfill should be applied according to the following minimum requirements:

a. The bedding must have a stable base in order to provide uniform bearing to the pipe depending on the direction and the slope of the trench. If the soil is too soft or rocky, a base that enables the necessary support must be made. Do not use frozen material.

b. The backfill material for the pipe zone must facilitate the effective functioning of the pipes, whether storm sewer or drainage trench. When compacted, the material must be compacted to 90% standard Proctor. Up to the pipe spring line, backfill should be applied in layers of 150mm (6"). Past the spring line mark, backfill is applied in layers of 300mm (12").

9. If the native soil is likely to migrate into the backfill material, they should be separated by means of a geotextile membrane.

Table 8.1: Trench width and bedding height D

mm in

NORMAL Width height

SOFT GROUND Width height

ROCK Width height

mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in

100 4 520 21 300 12 720 28 400 16 520 21 300 12 150 6 575 23 300 12 775 30 400 16 575 23 300 12 200 8 640 25 300 12 835 33 400 16 640 25 300 12 250 10 700 28 300 12 896 35 400 16 700 28 300 12 300 12 765 31 300 12 963 38 600 24 765 31 300 12 375 15 865 35 300 12 1125 44 600 24 865 35 300 12 450 18 980 39 300 12 1350 53 600 24 980 39 300 12 525 21 1100 44 300 12 1575 62 600 24 1100 44 300 12 600 24 1205 48 300 12 1800 71 600 24 1205 48 300 12 750 30 1415 56 300 12 2250 88 600 24 1415 56 300 12 900 36 1610 64 300 12 2700 106 600 24 1610 64 300 12

1200 48 2025 80 400 16 3600 142 600 24 2025 80 400 16

Pipe zone

Trench width

OD

Bedding

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10. It is preferable to excavate a shorter trench, that is, one and a half times the pipe length. Installation of U N I M A X ® pipe and backfill should be accomplished with a minimal delay between each step. Short trenches reduce the possibility of problems caused by water, frost and floating, as well as risks of impact, misalignment and buckling. They may in certain cases allow for traffic if the backfill is adequate and well compacted.

11. If the soil is saturated with water, there is a risk of floating. Remove stagnant water from the trench. The height of backfill must be adequate , a thickness of backfill covers over the crown equivalent to twice the diameter of the pipe.

12. Tables 8.2 and 8.3 below present conservative estimates for cover heights, based on medium quality Class III material, which is often the type of excavation soil.

Table 8.2: U N I M A X ® Backfill cover heights Minimum cover Maximum cover

Nominal diameter

( Øn )

Minimum stiffness at

5% ( R )

Moment of inertia

( I )

Minimum backfill cover height*

h min

Area of cross- section

( AS )

Maximum backfill cover height Class III soil Class II soil

POOR GOOD

Density 85-90% Density 95%

mm in kPa psi mm4/mm in4/in m in mm²/mm in²/in m ft m ft

100 4 340 48 32.67 0.0019 0.3 12 2.23 0.088 7.2 23.6 12.4 40.68 150 6 340 48 50.57 0.0030 0.3 12 2.81 0.110 6.4 20.9 11.2 36.74 200 8 340 48 133.15 0.0081 0.3 12 3.50 0.137 6.1 20.0 10.5 34.45 250 10 340 48 276.89 0.0169 0.3 12 4.32 0.170 5.4 17.7 10.2 33.46 300 12 345 50 608.75 0.0371 0.3 12 5.54 0.218 5.8 19.0 10.8 35.43 375 15 290 42 1033.72 0.0630 0.3 12 6.30 0.248 5.8 19.0 10.5 34.45 450 18 275 40 1589.87 0.0970 0.3 12 7.80 0.307 5.4 17.7 11.2 36.74 525 21 260 38 2111.75 0.1287 0.3 12 8.18 0.322 5.2 17.0 10.3 33.79 600 24 235 34 4023.32 0.2452 0.3 12 9.32 0.367 4.8 16.4 10.1 33.13 750 30 195 28 5636.27 0.3435 0.3 12 9.42 0.371 4.2 13.7 9.8 32.15 900 36 150 22 6333.62 0.3860 0.3 12 9.96 0.392 4.1 13.4 9.1 29.85

1200 48 125 18 11338.2 0.6920 0.3 12 11.73 0.462 3.7 12.1 5.9 24.93

a. Calculation of backfill load is based on a soil density of 1926 kg/m³ (120.2 lb/ft³) and

on a prism load.

b. Maximum deflection is 5% with AASHTO H-25 traffic load.

c. Soil types are as follows: GOOD 20,685 kPa (3000 psi): SM class II compacted to 95% standard Proctor POOR 6,895 kPa (1000 psi): SM class III compacted to 85% standard Proctor Note: minimum cover is calculated in terms of compacted backfill of Class III material concentrated to 90% standard Proctor. However, Soleno suggests a compacted backfill of Class I or II material concentrated to 90% or 95% standard Proctor for an installation under pavement. The compacting is done in successive layers of 300mm (12") and parallels each side of the pipe, to 150mm (6") over the pipe crown. The minimum bedding is 150mm (6") on good quality native soil.

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a. Calculation of backfill load is based on a soil density of 1,926 kg/m³ (120.2 lb/ft³) and

on a prism load. b. Maximum deflection is 5% with AASHTO H-25 traffic load. c. Soil types are as follows:

GOOD 20,685 kPa (3000 psi): SM class III compacted to 95% standard Proctor POOR 6,895 kPa (1000 psi): SM class III compacted to 85% standard Proctor

Note: minimum cover is calculated based on backfill of Class III material compacted to 90% standard Proctor. Compacting is done in successive layers of 300mm (12") each side of the pipe up to 150mm (6") over the pipe crown. Minimum bedding is 150mm (6") on good quality native soil.

Excavation in trench box The trench box or shield or brace ensures a safe environment for the workers in a deep trench or in unstable soil. Be sure to respect local safety regulations.

Soleno pipes standard length of 6m (20’), therefore the box must be adequate for this size. The installation method follows the normal procedure for opening a trench in which a pipe will be placed. The lower trench is at least ¾ OD deep. The box can be moved without affecting the pipe (see Figure 8.12). If it is not possible to have a lower trench, it is important to ensure that during any movement of the box, the pipe

or pipes or backfill material are not disturbed. Fill any empty spaces left by the box and compact well.

Table 8.3: U N I F L O ® Backfill cover heights Minimum cover Maximum cover

Nominal diameter

( Øn )

Minimum stiffness at

5% ( R )

Moment of inertia

( I )

Minimum cover height*

h min

Area of cross- section

( AS )

Maximum backfill cover height Class III soil Class II soil

POOR GOOD

Density 85-90% Density 95%

mm in kPa psi mm4/mm in4/in m in mm²/mm in²/in m ft m ft 100 4 340 48 26.05 0.00159 0.3 12 1.38 0.054 7.2 23.5 12.4 40.68 150 6 340 48 48.98 0.00299 0.3 12 1.98 0.077 6.4 20.9 11.2 36.74 200 8 340 48 132.76 0.00810 0.3 12 3.43 0.134 6.1 19.9 10.5 34.45 250 10 340 48 374.08 0.02283 0.3 12 3.76 0.147 5.7 18.7 10.2 33.46

Figure 8.12: Box installation with lower backfill

Trench width

OD

Bedding

ODmin.3/4OD

Compacted lower

backfill

Box

High backfill Unstable

soil

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Laying pipes and fittings in trench Lower the pipes and fittings into the trench using cords and sliders and straps attached to the pipe as described on page 3, with the help of a shovel or by hand.

DO NOT THROW OR DROP PIPES OR FITTINGS INTO THE TRENCH.

Pipes and fittings may undergo a final inspection in order to ensure that any damage done to material is detected.

Caution

Pay special attention to the following:

Particularities of Soleno pipe

Pipes and joints

UNIMAX®, UNIFLO® and DRAIN pipes can be produced with varying degrees of stiffness and with different types of joints. We suggest you look through the Booklet of the products HDPE for, the management of WATER from Soleno, for an overview of the different types of pipe, joints, fittings and more. Various types of joints and their couplers are presented in Tables 8.4 and 8.5.

CAUTION: do not pass with heavy vehicles with acontact point higher than 50 kN (11.24 lbf) before

insuring a sufficient backfill height over the crown, thatis, minimal backfill height.

DO NOT CAUTION:

Avoid squeezingor mishandling

pipes

DO NOTCAUTION: do

notapply backfillfrom an excessiveheight or on the

same point.Eliminate stones

larger than56mm(2.2").

DO NOT

Figure 8.13: Caution

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Available in 375mm (15'') to 900mm (36'') Available in 300mm (12'')

Table 8.4

Available in 300mm (12'')Available in 375mm (15'') to 900mm (36'')

Types of Soleno jointsGasket joints (Dia. ≥ 300mm (12''))

Bell integrated gasket joint (BIG) Double bell integrated gasket joint (DBIG)

Clip joints (Dia. ≥ 300mm (12''))Snap bell joint (SB) Double snap bell joint(DSB)

Available in 75mm (3'') to 150mm (6'')Available in 100mm (4'')

Available in :100mm (4'') to 250mm (10'') Available in 150mm (6'') to 1200mm (48'')

Double snap bell joint (DSB)

Tee-Y (TY) Inside coupling joint (IC)

Double bell integrated gasket (DBIG) Split coupling joint (SC)

Table 8.4 Types of Soleno joints Other types of joints

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Table 8.5Types of joints UNIMAX UNIFLO DRAIN

Diameter ≤ 250 mm AASHTO M252 AASHTO M252 210 kPaBIG --- --- ---

DBIG √ --- ---SB --- --- ---

DSB √ √ √SC (Except 100mm) √ √ √TY (100mm Only) √ √ √

IC --- --- √Diameter ≥ 300 mm AASHTO 300 kPa 210 kPa

BIG √ --- ---DBIG √ --- ---

SB √ --- ---DSB √ --- ---

SC (Except 100mm) √ √ ---TY (100mm Only) --- --- ---

IC --- --- ---

Types of joints ans Soleno pipes

* On order only

Note: a. -- Indicates that this type of joint is not available for pipe.

b. DRAIN is certified to the standard NQ 3624-115.

c. DBG, SB and DSB are not available for the UNIMAX®1200mm (48”)

Pipe - Joint – Pipe Assembly

UNIMAX®, UNIFLO® and DRAIN pipes can be delivered to the worksite. On the other hand, this chapter only addresses the installation of UNIMAX® and UNIFLO® pipe. To ensure a high quality installation, it is essential to follow the assembly methods for gasket joints, snap joints and split couplings.

BELL GASKET JOINT ASSEMBLY

INSPECTION

Inspect the ends to ensure they are free of damage or foreign material.

CLEANING

Clean the gasket and bell ends of the pipes to be joined. Pay special attention if foreign material has been introduced between the gasket and the pipe

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Insertion line

Sacrificial pipe Insertion line

LUBRICATION

Lubricate the receiving bell with a thin layer as shown.

ALIGNMENT

Before beginning insertion, be sure that you have on the pipe a guide-line which will be used to know the depth of pipe to be inserted. Thereafter, insert the first corrugation inside the bell. Attention, at this point, it is necessary to make sure there is no soil on the corrugation. If it is the case, clean the pipe.

INSERTION

Method 1: Push the pipe to be inserted using a sacrificial pipe which will distribute the force evenly inside the bell. Push until the guide line reaches the bell.

Note: This method is preferred by Soleno Inc.

Figure 8.14: Area to be lubricated

Area to be lubricated

Figure 8.15: Position of the insertion line

Compacted backfill

Figure 8.16: Insertion with a sacrificial pipe

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Method 2:

Attach the pipe with a sling. With the mechanical shovel, move the pipe slowly to align it with the bell. At this time, make sure there is no dirt inside the bell. The higher side of the pipe should not exceed 1m (3.3’) from the base. When the first corrugation is in the bell, Move down the pipe to have the best alignment with the other pipe. Move slowly until the guide line reaches the bell.

Note: For 900 mm (36'') and larger, it is necessary to support at two points, 3m (9.84’) apart.

Note: Always use a Soleno lubricant to help the insertion.

FINISHING

To finalize the insertion, insert the snaps in the bell to prevent pipe separation.

Compacted backfill

Figure 8.17: Insertion with a sling

Figure 8.18: Snaps insertion

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Insertion line

Insertion line

Figure 8.20: Insertion with a snap bell

SNAP BELL JOINT ASSEMBLY INSPECTION Inspect the ends to ensure they are free of damage or foreign material. CLEANING Clean the bell and the pipes to be joined. Pay special attention if foreign material has been introduced between the bell and the pipe ALIGNMENT Before beginning the insertion, be sure that you have on the pipe a guide-line which will be used to know the depth of pipe to be inserted. Thereafter, insert the first corrugation inside the bell. Attention, at this point, it is necessary to make sure there is no soil on the corrugations. If it is the case, clean the pipe. INSERTION Align the pipe with the bell. Push the other end of the pipe with the assistance of a bar planted in the ground. Stop pushing when the guide line is flush with the end of the bell.

Note: This method can be used with pipes from 300mm (12’’) to 525mm (21’’) and with the double bells

Figure 8.19: Position of the Insertion line

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For the large diameter (600mm (24’’) and larger), the installation of the Snap Bell can be made with the same procedure as the Integrated bell gasket. SPLIT COUPLING ASSEMBLY

Inspection

Inspect and clean the split coupling and the pipes to ensure there is no foreign material.

Split couplings 150mm (6’’) to 600mm (24’’)

BINDING

Use a nylon tie. Ensure that all the ties are in place before tightening. Tighten the ties one after the other up to the point of contact. Repeat the process until the coupling is closed tight.

Never close and tighten one tie at a time and/or with an abrupt force because there is a risk of breaking the tie or tearing the split coupling.

Align the two pipes together Support the two pipes one against the other on the lower part of the coupling

Put the upper part of the coupling on the top of the two pipes

Figure 8.22: Final assembly of small diameter split coupling

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Figure 8.23: Final assembly of the big diameter split coupling

Split coupling 750mm (30 ") to 1200mm (48")

Fix slightly, with nylon tie, the two parts of the coupling until they are in contact. Thereafter, tighten the nylon tie by taking care to overlap the two parts of the sleeve one against the other.

Put a part of the coupling under the pipe

Align and support the two pipes one against the other. Thereafter, put the other part of the coupling on the top of the pipes.

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TY ASSEMBLY

INSPECTION Inspect the ends to ensure they are free of damage or foreign material. CLEANING Clean the TY and the ends of the drain to be joined. Pay special attention if foreign material has been introduced between the TY and the drain. INSERTION Method 1: For an easier insertion, always hold the drain between legs. Thereafter, insert the TY by making it move from the left to right until the drain reaches the bottom of the TY. Repeat this operation for the other connections.

Method 2: This method consists of cutting the ends of the TY on the lines created for this purpose. When the ends are cut, insert the drain by this opening. To complete the assembly, cut a section of drain and install it on the TY.

Figure 8.24: Method no. 1 for the TY installation

Figure 8.25: Method 2 for the TY installation

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INSIDE COUPLING ASSEMBLY INSPECTION Inspect the ends to ensure they are free of damage or foreign material. CLEANING Clean the inside coupling and the ends of the drain to be joined. Pay special attention if foreign material has been introduced between the inside coupling and the drain. INSERTION For an easier insertion, always hold the drain between its legs. Thereafter, insert the insert coupling by making it move from the left to right until the coupling reaches the drain. Repeat this operation for the other side of the drain.

Figure 8.26 : Inside coupling installation

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CUTTING PIPE ON SITE Corrugated pipes are easy to cut on site using a hand tool such as a two-handed saw or a circular saw. The only rule is to cut the pipe in the middle of the indent between the corrugations.

The middle of the indent between the corrugations.

Figure 8.27:

Circular saw

The middle of the indent

between the corrugations.