NWT Addictions Report 2010

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    NWT Addictions Report

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    Kspin ki nitawihtn nhyawihk ma cimwin, tipwsinn.

    Cree

    erihts dne sin yati ta hutselkr xa beyyati thefi ate, nuwe tsn y

    Chipewyan

    If you would like this information in another ofcial language, call us.English

    Si vous voulez ces renseignements en franais, contactez-nous.

    Franais

    Jii gwandak izhii ginjk vatatrijfihchuu zht yinohthan j, diitst ginohkn

    Gwichin

    Hapkua titiqqat pijumagupkit Inuinnaqtun, uvaptinnut hivajarlutit.

    Inuinnaqtun

    b4fx tt6vw5 WJmAFQ5 wk4tgo6ymlt4, s?5t8k5 scM J8N6gt5.

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    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

    The aim of this report is to present detailed findings from the 2009 NWT Addictions Survey.Topics covered include the prevalence of alcohol use, tobacco, illicit drugs and gambling

    activities.

    The 2009 NWT Addictions Survey included core content from the Canadian Tobacco Use and

    Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) while the alcohol, illicit drug and gambling items in the

    questionnaire were derived from the core content of the Canadian Addictions Survey (CAS).

    This report will help to provide reliable data on alcohol, illicit drug, tobacco use and gamblingactivities within the NWT. In turn, this data can be used to:

    1. Assist government and health professionals understand the current state of substanceuse in the NWT; and

    2. Inform decision-making related to prevention and treatment programming.Alcohol Highlights

    In the 12 months prior to the 2009 survey, 77% of NWT residents 15 years and over

    reported they consumed alcohol.

    43% of residents surveyed said they typically consume 5 or more drinks on one

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    Tobacco Use Highlights

    In the NWT the proportion of current smokers dropped from 44% in 1996 to 36% in

    2009.

    Between 1996 and 2009, there was a significant increase in the proportion of people

    who have never smoked: 15 to 24 year olds (27% to 48%); and 25 to 39 year olds (32%

    to 46%).

    The prevalence of daily smoking among Aboriginal people 15 years and over declined

    from 53% in 1996 to 38% in 2009. However, Aboriginal people continue to have higherrates of daily smoking than non-aboriginal (38% vs. 14%).

    The likelihood of being a daily smoker is lower in Yellowknife than in the regional

    centers and other communities.

    In 2009, 22% of women indicated they smoked during pregnancy. Approximately 1 in 10

    pregnant women had spouses or partners that smoked around them.

    Residents of the NWT were also exposed to second-hand smoke in their homes and in

    vehicles. Twenty percent indicated that at least one family member or visitor smokedinside their home every day or almost every day and 24% were exposed to second-hand

    smoke in cars at least once a week.

    Gambling Highlights

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

    Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

    Alcohol Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

    Illicit Drug Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

    Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

    Gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

    Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

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    LIST OF TABLES

    Figure 1: Proportion of current drinkers by demographic characteristics among residents

    aged 15+, NWT 2009 5

    Figure 2: Overall trends in the frequency of drinking among current drinkers aged 15+

    NWT 1996 2009 6

    Figure 3: Frequency of drinking more than once a week by demographic characteristics

    among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009 7

    Figure 4: Overall trends in the usual number of drinks consumed on a single occasion

    among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009 8

    Figure 5: Usual amount of alcohol consumed in a single sitting (5+ drinks)

    by demographic characteristics among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009 9

    Figure 6: Proportion of heavy drinking of least once a month by demographic

    characteristics among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009 11

    Figure 7: Type of drinker among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 12

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    Figure 16: Demographic characteristics in AUDIT score 8+ among current drinkers

    aged 15+, NWT 2009 21

    Figure 17: Proportion of cannabis ever tried by demographic characteristics

    among residents aged 15+, NWT 1996 & 2009 22

    Figure 18: Proportion of cannabis use in the past 12 months by demographic

    characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 23

    Figure 19: Cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, speed, ecstasy and heroin

    ever used in lifetime among residents aged 15+, NWT 2002 2009 24

    Figure 20: Proportion of cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, speed, ecstasy, and heroin

    ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+

    NWT 2009 25

    Figure 21: Prevalence of other illicit drugs ever used in lifetime among residents

    aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009 26

    Figure 22: Cocaine/crack ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics

    among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 26

    Figure 23: Hallucinogens ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics

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    Figure 35: Average number of cigarettes per day by demographic characteristics

    among daily smokers aged 15+, NWT 2009 36

    Figure 36: Overall trend in quit rates among ever smokers aged 15+

    NWT 1996 2009 37

    Figure 37: Quit rates by demographic characteristics among ever smokers

    aged 15+, NWT 1996 & 2009 37

    Figure 38: Smoking during pregnancy among women aged 20 44, NWT 1996 2009 39

    Figure 39: Exposure to second-hand smoke inside homes by demographic

    characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 40

    Figure 40: Exposure to second-hand smoke in vehicles at least once per week

    by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 41

    Figure 41: Ever used in lifetime and past year use of chewing tobacco among residents

    aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009 42

    Figure 42: Proportion of current gamblers by demographic characteristics among

    residents aged 15+, NWT 2009 44

    Figure 43: Multiple types of gambling in past year among current gamblers aged 15+

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    INTRODUCTION

    The purpose of this study is to present detailed findings from the 2009 NWT Addictions Survey

    and compare them with previous surveys as part of an ongoing effort to monitor trends and

    patterns of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drug use and gambling activities in the Northwest Territories.

    The report will help to understand the current state of substance use in the NWT and inform

    decision-making related to prevention and treatment programming.

    Key objectives of the study include:

    Determine the prevalence and patterns of alcohol and drug use in the NWT;

    Measure the extent of harms associated with the use of alcohol and drugs; and

    Provide baseline data for future evaluations and program reviews.

    METHODS

    Survey design and methodology1

    The 2009 NWT Addictions Survey was conducted across the NWT between mid-September and

    October 2009. The NWT Bureau of Statistics was contracted by the Department of Health and

    Social Services with funding from Health Canada, to conduct the survey.

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    Sample design

    All NWT communities were divided into the following eight strata: Yellowknife, Hay River, FortSmith, Inuvik, Norman Wells, small north, small south A and small south B. Households in

    Yellowknife, Hay River, Fort Smith and Inuvik were selected at random using random digit

    dialing. Households in the other strata were randomly selected using a dwelling list maintained

    by the NWT Bureau of Statistics. One respondent 15 years or older was randomly selected from

    each household. Interviews were conducted by telephone in households selected using random

    digit dialing, and face-to-face interviews were conducted in the other selected households.

    Weighting

    The objective is to select a small number of individuals whose behaviour will represent all

    individuals in the population. Based on that small sample, inferences or predictions can be made

    about the total population. To help achieve this goal, respondents are given a sample weight,

    which depends on their sex, age and ethnicity. Sample weights help compensate for unequal

    probabilities of selection, non-coverage of the population and non-response bias. The sum of

    the weights over the sample provides an estimate of the population size. Population estimatesused for weighting are based on published estimates of the NWT population produced by

    Statistics Canada and community population estimates produced by the Bureau of Statistics.

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    Limitations

    The limitations of the 2009 NWT Addictions Survey are those common to large surveys involving

    self-reported measures. These limitations include potential underreporting and sampling errors.

    The NWT Addictions Survey deals with sensitive subject matter: people are asked to report on

    behaviour that may not be socially acceptable and may even be illegal. As a result, it is expected

    that some underreporting of such behaviour may occur. However, surveys remain the most

    efficient way to obtain information representative of the population of the NWT. Research also

    indicates that while an underreporting (or, conversely, over reporting) bias may influence

    estimates for a single point in time, it likely remains quite stable over time, therefore having less

    of an impact on impact on estimating change over time.

    Sampling errors refer to the variations caused by surveying a portion of the population rather

    than the entire population. For example, conducting telephone interviews (as was done in Fort

    Smith, Hay River, Inuvik and Yellowknife) assumes that everyone in those populations has a

    conventional residence with telephones. However, a small proportion of households do not

    have telephones and therefore would not have been included. With both telephone and face-to-face interviews (conducted in smaller NWT communities), people residing in institutions such as

    hospitals, correctional facilities or long-term care facilities were not included. Homeless people

    were also not part of the survey due to the sampling frame based on dwellings (e g houses

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    ALCOHOL USE

    This section reports on five measures of alcohol use including current drinkers, drinking

    frequency, usual consumption, frequency of heavy drinking, heavy drinking, and

    harmful/hazardous drinking. Also included is information on harm from ones own drinking,

    harm from someone elses drinking, the prevalence of drinking and driving, as well as drinking

    during pregnancy.

    Current drinkers

    Residents were asked a series of questions about their alcohol use. For the purpose of thesurvey the word drinkmeans: one bottle or can of beer; one glass of wine or a cooler; one

    straight or mixed drink with one and a half ounces of hard liquor.

    Residents were asked two questions: During the past 12 months, have you ever had a drink of

    beer, wine, liquor or any other alcoholic beverage; and at what age did you have your first

    drink?

    The proportion of the population surveyed who were 15 years and over that currently drink has

    not changed significantly since 1996. 2 However there was a decrease from 87% in 1996 to 75%

    in 2009 in drinking among 15 to 24 year olds.

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    Figure 1: Proportion of current drinkers by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT

    2009

    0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*

    40-59

    60+*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma

    Some Post-Secondary

    University Degree

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    Youth 15 to 24 years of age were less likely than all other age groups to drink more than once

    per week (22% vs. 31%, 32% and 41%) and males were more likely to drink alcohol more than

    once per week than females (37% vs. 23%).

    Figure 2: Overall trends in the frequency of drinking among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009

    0%

    5%

    10%

    15%

    20%

    25%

    30%

    35%

    More than once

    a week*

    Once a week 1 to 3

    times/month

    Less than once a

    month*

    1996

    2009

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    Figure 3: Frequency of drinking more than once a week by demographic characteristics among current

    drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-3940-59*

    60+*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-Secondary

    University Degree

    Yellowknife

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    Males were more likely than females (50% vs. 35%) to drink 5 or more drinks on a single

    occasion.

    Among education levels, drinking 5 or more drinks on a single occasion was highest among

    those with less than a high school diploma.

    In addition, those living in other communities and regional centers were more likely than those

    living in Yellowknife to consume 5 or more drinks on a single occasion (55% and 48% vs. 35%).

    Figure 4: Overall trends in the usual number of drinks consumed on a single occasion among current

    drinkers aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009

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    Figure 5: Usual amount of alcohol consumed in a single sitting (5+ drinks) by demographic

    characteristics among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*40-59*

    60+*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-Secondary*

    University Degree

    Yellowknife

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    concentration (BAC) level to 0.08% or more. This pattern of drinking usually corresponds to five

    or more drinks on a single occasion for males and four or more drinks on a single occasion for

    females, generally within about 2 hours.

    Respondents were asked how many times in the past year they consumed 5 or more drinks on a

    single occasion.3 The proportion of current drinkers who consumed 5 or more drinks at least

    once per month increased from 41% to 47% between 20024 and 2009.

    In 2009, residents 15 to 24 years of age were more likely to have 5 or more drinks at a single

    occasion at least once per month.

    Both male (from 50% to 56%) and female (from 30% to 37%) heavy drinking increased since

    2002, with males continuing to engage more often in heavy drinking at least once a month than

    females.

    As in past surveys, university graduates were less likely to drink heavily than other education

    groups and residents living in Yellowknife were less likely to drink heavily than those residing in

    other communities.

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    Figure 6: Proportion of heavy drinking at least once per month by demographic characteristics among

    current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*40-59*

    60+*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-Secondary*

    University Degree

    Yellowknife

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    In 2009, 7% of the population aged 15 and over abstained from alcohol, 15% were former

    drinkers, 26% were light infrequent drinkers, 18% were light frequent drinkers, 15% were heavy

    infrequent drinkers and 19% were heavy frequent drinkers.

    Figure 7: Type of drinker among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009

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    Figure 8: Proportion of heavy frequent drinkers by demographic characteristics among residents aged

    15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-3940-59*

    60+E*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-Secondary*

    University Degree

    Yellowknife

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    Figure 9: Harm from own current drinking among current drinkers aged 15+ by type, NWT 2004 2009

    Type (%) 2004 2006 2009

    One or more types 22 21 23

    Friendships/social life 13 10 14

    Physical health 10 10 10

    Home life/marriage 10 8 8

    Work/studies 7 6 6Financial position 8 5 5

    Legal problems 2E

    2E

    2E

    Housing problems F 2E

    2E

    Learning problems 2E

    2E

    2E

    EModerate sampling variability - interpret with caution.

    FHigh sampling variability - data was suppressed.

    No significance test due to 2004 to 2009 data

    only.

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    Figure 10: Prevalence of one or more types of harm from own drinking by demographic characteristics

    among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

    Total

    Male

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*40-59*

    60+E

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-SecondaryEUniversity DegreeE

    Yellowknife

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    Figure 11: Harm from other's drinking among NWT residents aged 15+ by type, NWT 1996 2009

    Type (%) 1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    One or more types 55 53 56 53 51

    Insulted/humiliated* 40 .. 35 33 33

    Family/marriage

    problems* 16 19 21 17 19

    Pushed/shoved 25 26 27 25 21

    Serious arguments 30 34 32 29 26

    Verbal abuse .. 38 27 29 24

    Physically assaulted 12 15 14 10 10

    ..Data not available.

    *Significant difference at the .05 level between 1996 and 2009.

    The prevalence of victimization tends to decrease with age, where 15 to 24 year olds were morelikely than all other age groups to be victimized by someone who had been drinking (65% vs.

    55%, 44% and 35%).

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    Figure 12: Prevalence of one or more types of harm from other people's drinking in the past 12 months

    by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

    Total

    Male

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*40-59*

    60+*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-Secondary*University Degree

    Yellowknife

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    The proportion of residents who drove within an hour of consuming 2 or more drinks declined

    from 21% in 1996 to 13% in 2009. Significant declines were noted for males, 25 to 39 year olds,

    40 to 59 year olds, and those with more than a high school diploma.

    Despite the downward trend in male prevalence since 1996,males in 2009 were still twice as

    likely as females to drive within an hour of consuming 2+ beverages (16% vs. 8%).

    In addition, those with less than a high school diploma were more likely than those with a

    university degree to drink and drive (20% vs. 11%). Prevalence of drinking and driving did not

    vary with age or place of residence.

    Figure 13: Prevalence of driving within one hour of drinking 2 or more drinks by demographic

    characteristics among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

    Total

    Male*

    FemaleE

    15-24E

    25 39

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    Drinking during pregnancy

    Women who drink during pregnancy are at risk of having a child with FASD. Fetal Alcohol

    Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a broad term describing a range of effects that can occur in an

    individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. These effects may include permanent

    physical, mental, behavioural and learning disabilities. Drinking patterns among women of

    childbearing age is one of the main risk factors associated with FASD. Thus, information on

    drinking during pregnancy provides an indication of the proportion of pregnant women who are

    at a high risk of having a child with FASD.

    Females aged 20 to 44 years were asked whether they drank alcohol during their last pregnancy(i.e. pregnant within 5 years of the survey) and if yes, how often and how much.

    In 2009, 9% of females aged 20 to 44 reported drinking during their last pregnancy. Among

    those who reported drinking during their last pregnancy, the vast majority did so less than once

    a month and consumed one or two drinks.

    Figure 14: Prevalence of drinking during pregnancy among women aged 20 to 44 years, NWT 2002

    2009

    (%) 2002 2006 2009

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    Figure 15: Frequency and volume of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among women who drank

    while they were pregnant, NWT 2002 2009

    (%) 2002 2006 2009 Pooled1

    Once a week or more 16E

    34E

    F 19

    E

    1 to 3 times a month 21E

    F

    F 19E

    Less than once a month 62 53E

    71E 62

    1 or 2 Drinks 67 83 64E 69

    3 or 4 Drinks 17

    E

    F

    014

    E

    5+ Drinks 17E

    F

    F 17

    E

    EModerate sampling variability - interpret with caution.

    FHigh sampling variability - data was suppressed.

    1Pooled proportion combines numbers from 2002 and 2009 to provide a more stable

    estimate.

    No significance test due to high sampling variability.

    Harmful/Hazardous Drinking: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)

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    Harmful/hazardous drinking also tends to decrease with increasing community size. As such,

    residents from Yellowknife were less likely to score 8 and over than people from the regional

    centers and other communities (31% vs. 45% and 58%).

    Figure 16: Demographic characteristics in AUDIT score 8+ among current drinkers aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*

    40-59*

    60+*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    S P t S d *

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    ILLICIT DRUG USE

    In this section, trends of cannabis and other illicit drug use in the NWT are examined. The

    lifetime and past-year prevalence use and various other concerns related to its use are

    described. Lifetime prevalence is based on a question asking respondents during your life,

    have you used or tried . . . , and past-year prevalence is based on a follow-up question about

    whether they also used the drug during the past 12 months.

    Cannabis (ever tried)

    Respondents were asked whether they had tried cannabis (marijuana or hashish) at least once

    in their lifetime.

    In 2009, (59%) of the NWT population reported using cannabis at least once in their lifetime, an

    increase from 53% in 1996. Significant increases occurred among females, 40 to 59 year olds,

    those with less than high school as their highest level of education. For all other demographic

    groups, the proportion of lifetime users remained the same.

    Figure 17: Proportion of cannabis ever tried by demographic characteristics among residents aged15+, NWT 1996 & 2009

    0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

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    Cannabis (past year use)

    Respondents were asked if they used cannabis within 12 months prior to the survey.

    Although there has been a significant increase in past year cannabis use between 1996 and

    2009, the prevalence has remained stable at 20% of the NWT population sampled since 2002.

    Females, those 15 to 59 and those with less than a high school diploma showed an increase in

    cannabis use in the past 12 months between 1996 and 2009.

    In 2009, males, 15 to 24 year olds, those with less than high school and residents living incommunities other than Yellowknife were more likely to have used cannabis in the past year

    than the corresponding reference categories.

    Figure 18: Proportion of cannabis use in the past 12 months by demographic characteristics among

    residents aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

    Total

    Male*

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    Past year use was higher among those with a high school diploma or less than those with higher

    levels of education (32% and 24% vs. 11% and 9%). In addition, use of marijuana or hashish in

    the past year was higher in the regional centers and other communities than in Yellowknife (20%

    and 32% vs. 13%).

    In the 2004, 2006 and 2009 surveys, past year users were asked how often they used cannabis

    within 3 months prior to the survey. In 2009, 94% reported using cannabis within 3 months prior

    to the survey. Additionally, 53% reported using cannabis at least once a week, while 40% used

    cannabis monthly or less.

    In 2009, current users of marijuana or hashish were asked if they drove a motor vehicle within 2hours after using marijuana or hashish within the year prior to the survey. Approximately 6% of

    current users indicated they had driven within 2 hours of using cannabis.

    Other illicit drugs (ever tried and past year use)

    NWT residents were asked whether they tried any of the following types of drugs at least once

    in their lifetime: cocaine/crack, hallucinogens (magic mushrooms, PCP or LSD/acid), speed,

    ecstasy and heroin. They were also asked whether they used any of these drugs in the past 12

    months.

    /

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    those with some post-secondary and university degrees. Ever tried use of other illicit drugs

    did not vary with age or ethnicity, but significant differences were present for gender, education

    levels and type of community.

    Figure 20: Proportion of cocaine/crack, hallucinogens, speed, ecstasy and heroin ever used in lifetime

    by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

    Total

    Male*Female

    15-24

    25-39

    40-59

    60+F

    Aboriginal

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School

    i h S h l i l *

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    Figure 21: Prevalence of other illicit drugs ever used in a lifetime among residents aged 15+, NWT

    1996 2009

    Type (%) 1996 2004 2006 2009 Trend

    Cocaine/Crack 10 12 11 11n.s

    Hallucinogens 14 12 12 20*

    Speed 6 3E

    3 3-

    Ecstasy .. 3E

    4 6-

    Heroin 1E

    1E

    F 1-

    EModerate sampling variability - interpret with

    caution.F

    High sampling variability - data was suppressed...

    Data not available.

    Significant difference at the .05 level;n.s

    not significant; - No significance test.

    Figure 22: Cocaine/crack ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics among residents aged

    15+, NWT 2009

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    Reference category- basis of comparison for the other categories.

    Significant difference at the .05 level.

    Use in the past 12 months of any of the five illicit drugs increased between 2002 and 2009 from

    2% to 4%. Among the population groups, significant changes occurred with males (2% to 6%)

    and 15 to 39 year olds (2% to 7%). Overall, 1% of NWT residents surveyed indicated they had

    used cocaine or crack in the past 12 months, while 2% indicated past year use of hallucinogens

    or ecstasy.

    Figure 23: Hallucinogens ever used in lifetime by demographic characteristics among residents aged15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-39

    40+

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    Harm from use of illicit drugs in the past year

    In the 2004, 2006 and 2009 NWT Addiction Surveys, respondents who used drugs in the past

    year were asked if their illicit drug use had harmful effects on their friendships, physical health,

    home life/marriage, work/studies or created financial, legal, housing and learning difficulties.

    Overall in 2009, approximately 27% of past year drug users experienced at least one type of

    harm. The most common types reported were harm to physical health (12%), followed by work

    or study (11%) and harm to friendships or social life (9%).

    Figure 24: Harm from own illicit drug use among current users aged 15+ by type, NWT 2004 2009

    Any Other Can- Any Other Can- Any Other

    Type (%) Drug1

    Illicit2

    nabis Drug1

    Illicit2

    nabis Drug1

    Illicit2

    n

    One or more types of harm 39 21 18 26 53E

    21 27 43E

    Friendships/social life 17E

    10 10 12E 36 E 7E 9E F

    Physical health 21E

    10 9 12E

    28E

    9E

    12E F

    Home li fe/marria ge 11E

    8 8 14E 32 E 10 E 8E F

    Work/studies 12E

    6 6 8E F 6E 11 E 26 E

    E E E E E F

    2004 2006 2009

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    Figure 25: Harm from own drug or alcohol use among current users aged 15+ by type, NWT 2009

    Any OtherType (%) Drug

    1 Illicit2 Cannabis Drinking

    One or more types of harm 27 43E

    23 23

    Friendships/social life 9E F 8E 14

    Physical health 12E F 12E 10

    Home life/marriage 8E F 8E 8

    Work/studies 11E 26E 7E 6

    Financial position 8E F 7E 5

    1 Includes Cannabis, Cocaine, Hallucinogens, Speed, Ecstasy & Heroin2 Includes Cocaine, Hallucinogens, Speed, Ecstasy & HeroinE Moderate sampling variability - interpret with caution.F High sampling variability - data was suppressed.

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    TOBACCO

    This section provides a general descriptive summary of tobacco trends in the NWT between

    1996 and 2009.

    Smoking status

    Between 1996 and 2009 there was a decline in respondents reporting smoking daily (39% to

    25%) and an increase in the proportion of respondents who never smoked (30% to 41%).

    Figure 26: Smoking status in the past 12 months among residents aged 15+, NWT 1996 2009

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    Figure 27: Demographic characteristics among residents who smoke aged 15+, NWT 1996 & 2009

    0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

    Total*

    Male*

    Female*

    15-24

    25-39*40-59*

    60+E

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal*

    Less than High SchoolHigh School Diploma

    Some Post-Secondary

    1996 2009

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    In 2009, daily smoking status did not vary significantly by age. Youth 15 to 24 years old were

    more likely than all other age groups to be current smokers than any other age group. Those less

    than 40 were more likely to never have smoked than those older than 40.

    Figure 29: Smoking status in past 12 months by age, NWT 2009

    (%) Current Daily Occ. Former Never

    15-24 46 26 20 6E

    48

    25-39 36*

    25 11* 18 * 46

    40-59 32 * 26 6E* 31 * 36 *

    60+ 29*

    21 8E* 46 * 25 *

    E Moderate sa mpling variability - interpret with caution. Reference category- bas is of comparison for the other cate gories.* Significant difference at the .0 5 level.

    Occ. = Occasiona l

    Aboriginal people were 4.5 times as likely to be occasional smokers (18% vs. 4%) while non-aboriginal people were over twice as likely to have never smoked (56% vs. 24%).

    Fi 30 S ki t t i t 12 th b th i it NWT 2009

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    Figure 31: Smoking status in past 12 months by highest level of education, NWT 2009

    (%) Current Dai ly Occ. Former Never

    Less than High School 53* 34 * 18 * 19 * 29 *

    High School Diploma 43* 31 * 12 E* 18 40

    *

    Some Post-Secondary 30* 24 * 6E 29 41

    *

    University Degree 10 E 7E F 30 60

    E Moderate sampli ng variability - interpret with caution.F High sampling variability - data was s uppressed.Reference cate gory- basis of comparison for the other categories.* Significant difference at the .05 level.

    Occ. = Occas ional

    The likelihood of being a daily smoker increases with decreasing community size, such that

    those from other communities and regional centers were more likely than residents from

    Yellowknife to be daily smokers (35% and 28% vs. 18%). In contrast, those living in Yellowknife

    are more likely to have never smoked than those in regional centers, or other communities (52%vs. 35% and 27%).

    Figure 32: Smoking status in past 12 months by community type NWT 2009

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    Figure 33: Proportion of daily smokers among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

    Total

    Male

    Female

    15-24

    25-39

    40-59

    60+

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-Secondary*

    University DegreeE

    Yellowknife

    Regional Centers*

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    Figure 34: Overall trend in the average number of cigarettes per day among daily smokers aged 15+,

    NWT 1996 - 2009

    Significant declines over this 13 year period occurred among bothmales and females, 25 to 39

    year olds, 40 to 59 year olds and those with high school diplomas.

    0

    5

    10

    15

    20

    25

    30

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

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    Figure 35: Average number of cigarettes per day by demographic characteristics among daily smokers

    aged 15+, NWT 2009

    12

    14

    10

    10

    10

    13

    18

    10

    15

    12

    10

    1314

    15

    0 5 10 15 20

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-39

    40-59

    60+*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School

    High School Diploma

    Some Post-SecondaryUniversity Degree

    Yellowknife

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    Figure 36: Overall trend in quit rates among 'ever smokers' aged 15+, NWT 1996 - 2009

    Figure 37: Quit rates by demographic characteristics among "ever smokers" aged 15+, NWT 1996 &2009

    0%

    10%

    20%

    30%

    40%

    50%

    60%

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

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    Quit reasons and methods

    Over half of former smokers cited health as the main reason to quit smoking (52%), followed by

    other reasons (25%) and pregnancy or baby in household (12%). Only 7% of former smokers saidthe cost of cigarettes was the main reason to quit smoking.

    When asked which methods were used to help quit smoking, former smokers indicated cold

    turkey (80%) and nicotine patches (18%). Current smokers, however, were more likely to have

    tried a variety of methods6 including cold turkey (74%), nicotine patch (21%), nicotine gum

    (20%) and Zyban (15%).

    Former smokers indicated an average of 2.9 attempts to quit before they quit smoking for good.

    The majority of current smokers indicated that they were seriously considering quitting within

    the next 6 months (61%). That proportion declined to 41% however in response to the question

    of whether they were seriously considering quitting in the next 30 days.

    Smoking and health practitioners

    Current smokers were asked if they had seen a medical practitioner in the past 12 months. For

    those seeing a doctor or a nurse/nurse practitioner, current smokers were asked if they were

    advised to reduce or quit smoking

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    Figure 38: Smoking during pregnancy among women aged 20 to 44 years, NWT 1996 -2009

    (%) 2004 2006 2009

    20 to 44 year ol ds 21E 10 E 22 E

    Spouse or Pa rtner 16E 12 E 10 E

    Aboriginal 24E 13 E 37

    Non-Aboriginal F F F

    E Moderate sampli ng variability - interpret with caution.F High sampling variability - data was s uppressed.

    No significance te st due to 2004 to 2009 data only.

    Exposure to second-hand smoke

    Respondents were asked two questions related to second-hand smoke: whether family

    members or visitors smoked cigarettes inside their homes every day or almost every day and

    whether they were exposed to second-hand smoke in a car or other motor vehicle within the

    past month.

    In 2009, approximately 1 in 5 residents surveyed indicated that at least one family member or

    i it k d i id th i h d l t d

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    Figure 39: Exposure to second-hand smoke inside homes by demographic characteristics among

    residents aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

    Total

    Male

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*

    40-59

    60+

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-Secondary*University DegreeE

    Yellowknife

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    smoking in the presence of young children (43%) and allowing smoking only if window were

    open or other type of ventilation (23%).

    In 2009, around 40% of the NWT population reported being exposed to second-hand smoke incars with 24% reporting being exposed at least once a week.

    Figure 40: Exposure to second-hand smoke in vehicles at least once per week by demographic

    characteristics among residents aged 15+, NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*

    40-59*

    60+E*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

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    Chewing tobacco: at least once in a lifetime and past year use

    In 2009, 18% of the NWT population aged 15+ used chewing tobacco at least once in their

    lifetime.Similarly, the prevalence of use in the past 30 days has remained stable at around 2%.

    Figure 41: Ever used in lifetime and past year use of chewing tobacco among residents aged 15+, NWT

    1996 2009

    0%

    2%

    4%

    6%

    8%

    10%

    12%

    14%

    16%

    18%

    20%

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    Lif ti U P t 30 D U

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    p

    GAMBLING

    Gambling is a broad concept generally defined as the betting of money or anything of value on

    diverse activities, undertaken in a wide variety of settings. For most individuals, gambling can bea positive experience. However, for a minority, gambling is associated with problems of varying

    degree and duration. As a potentially addictive behaviour, it is important to monitor gambling

    patterns in the NWT. In this section, general trends of gambling in the NWT are examined

    between 1996 and 2009. The 2004 NWT Addictions Survey did not include any gambling related

    questions.

    Current gambling

    Residents were asked if they gambled for money or other things of value in at least one

    activity during the past year.

    The proportion of NWT residents reporting that they gambled declined from 78% in 1996 to 71%

    in 2009.

    In 2009, those aged 25 to 39 and 40 to 59 were more likely than 15 to 24 year olds to gamble

    (77% and 74% vs. 64%), whereas there was no significant difference between 60+ and 15 to 24

    year olds. There was also no significant difference between males and females (70% vs. 72%).

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    p

    Figure 42: Proportion of current gamblers by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+,

    NWT 2009

    0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

    Total

    Male

    Female

    15-24

    25-39*

    40-59*60+

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School

    High School Diploma

    Some Post-Secondary*University Degree

    Yellowknife

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    Figure 43: Multiple types of gambling in past year among current gamblers aged 15+, NWT 1996 - 2009

    Among the population groups in 2009, Aboriginal people surveyed were more likely to engage in

    2 or more types of gambling than non-aboriginal (72% vs. 55%). Similarly, significant differences

    also existed between those with high school diplomas and university degrees (70% vs. 55%) and

    residents of regional centers and Yellowknife (72% vs 59%)

    0%

    10%

    20%

    30%

    40%

    50%

    60%

    70%

    80%

    1996 2002 2009

    One Type 2+ Types

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    The above trends indicate that certain forms of gambling have gained in popularity, while the

    popularity of others has diminished over time. In 1996, for instance, the lottery (66%), card

    games (53%), bingo (32%), sports events (30%) and pool (18%) were the most common types

    reported. By 2009, the most popular activities were the lottery (62%), scratch/Nevada tickets

    (47%), bingo (31%), card games (26%) and slot machines (20%).

    Average money spent in a typical week on gambling

    Current gamblers were asked how much money, on average, they spent in a typical week on all

    gambling activities during the past year.

    The average money spent in a typical week of gambling did not significantly change between

    1996 and 2009. In 2009, current gamblers were spending a weekly average of $40 on all

    gambling activities.

    The amount of money spent in a typical week did not vary by gender with both males and

    females spending an average of $40 per week on gambling.

    Weekly spending tended to be higher for residents over 60 years than all other age groups ($61

    vs. $39, $33 and $41).

    Weekly spending on gambling by residents from other communities was higher than that of

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    Figure 45: Average amount of money spent in a "typical" week of gambling by demographic

    characteristics among current gamblers aged 15+, NWT 2009

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    Figure 46: Proportion of regular gamblers by demographic characteristics among residents aged 15+,

    NWT 2009

    0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

    Total

    Male*

    Female

    15-24

    25-39

    40-5960+*

    Aboriginal*

    Non-Aboriginal

    Less than High School*

    High School Diploma*

    Some Post-Secondary*

    University DegreeE

    Yellowknife

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    Figure 47: Prevalence of gambling once a week among current gamblers aged 15+ by type, NWT 1996 -

    2009

    (%) 1996 2002 2006 2009

    Bingo 8 9 8 9

    Lottery Tickets* 16 12 10 11

    Scratch/Nevada tickets* 2E

    6 6 5

    Card games* 9 5 6 4

    Sports events* 6 3E 1E 2E

    E Moderate sampl ing variability - interpret with caution.* Significant difference at the .05 level be tween 1996 a nd 2009.

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    SUMMARY

    The findings from the 2009 NWT Addictions Report provide reliable data for policy and decision-

    making.

    A common pattern emerges through the data: younger residents, males, those with lower levels

    of education and those living in communities outside Yellowknife and the regional centers were

    more likely to engage in heavy drinking, use cannabis and smoke cigarettes.

    Below is a summary of the main findings of the report.

    Alcohol

    The prevalence of current drinking remained constant at around 78% between 1996 and 2009.

    In the past 13 years, there has been a shift towards increased frequency of drinking in women,

    25 to 39 year olds, and those with less than high school.

    Between 2002 and 2009, there was an increased prevalence of frequent heavy drinking (i.e. 5 or

    more drinks on a single occasion at least once a month) from 41% to 47% among current

    drinkers. Males, females, 25 to 39 year olds, and those with high school diplomas and some

    post-secondary education all had significant increases in frequent heavy drinking.

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    Tobacco use

    In the NWT the proportion of current smokers dropped significantly from 44% in 1996 to 36% in

    2009. Most of the decline can be attributed to the drop in daily smokers (39% to 25%) and theincrease in the proportion of residents who never smoked (30% to 41%).

    Although the declines in daily smoking among 15 to 24 year olds was the most pronounced (45%

    to 26%), it was offset by an increase in the proportion of occasional smokers (9% to 20%).

    Between 1996 and 2009, there were significant increases in the proportion of never smokers

    among 15 to 24 year olds (27% to 48%) and 25 to 39 year olds (32% to 46%).

    Among the education groups, only those with a university degree had significant declines incurrent smokers between 1996 and 2009 (17% to 10%). The prevalence of current smokers was

    higher among those with less than a high school, a high school diploma and some post-

    secondary compared to those with a university degree (53%, 43% and 30% vs. 10%).

    The likelihood of being a daily smoker increases with decreasing community size, such that

    those from other communities and regional centers were more likely than residents from

    Yellowknife to be daily smokers. In contrast, those living in Yellowknife are more likely to havenever smoked than those in regional centers, or other communities.

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    events (2%). Seniors had the highest prevalence among the age groups of gambling at least once

    per week (34%). Inaddition, males were more likely than females, and residents of the regional

    centers and other communities were more likely than those who live in Yellowknife to be

    regular gamblers. University graduates were less likely than all other education groups to beregular gamblers.

    In 2009, the average money spent in a typical week gambling was $40. Seniors, residents of

    communities outside Yellowknife and the regional centers spent significantly more per week in

    their gambling activities. Weekly spending also tends to decrease with increasing level of

    education, highest for those with less than a high school diploma ($71) and lowest for those

    with a university degree ($13).

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    Methodology

    The target population of the 2009 NWT Addictions survey included all residents 15 years of age a

    older who resided in the Northwest Territories during 2009, with the exception of full-time residentsinstitutions (for example: hospitals, long-term care facilities, correctional facilities).

    Survey questionnaire

    The 2009 NWT Addictions survey instrument was developed by the GNWT Department of Health

    Social Services and the Bureau of Statistics. The NWT Bureau of Statistics conducted the surv

    operations and data processing on behalf of the Department of Health and Social Services. NTUMS ite

    (i.e. the tobacco portion of the questionnaire) are based on the core content of the Canadian Tobac

    Use and Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) questionnaire, as identified by Health Canada. Alcohol and ill

    drug items in the questionnaire are derived from the core content of the Canadian Addictions Survey,

    identified by Health Canada.

    All of the content of the alcohol and illicit drug related questions are the same, with the exception

    heavy/binge drinking. In the Canadian Addictions survey, men were asked how often they consum

    five or more drinks on one occasion, while women were asked how often they consumed four or modrinks on one occasion. In contrast, the NWT survey asked both men and women how often th

    consumed five or more drinks on one occasion. As a result, NWT estimates for the prevalence of hea

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    Figure 1: Final results for the initial sample by approach and strata, 2009 NWT Addictions Survey

    Occupied Unable to Response

    Community Dwellings Completes Refusals Contact1 Rate (%)

    Total 1,545 1,160 195 190 75

    Telephone Interviews 940 637 165 138 68

    Fort Smith 70 48 13 9 69

    Hay River 123 89 18 16 72

    Inuvik 139 87 36 16 63

    Yellowknife 608 413 98 97 68

    Face-to-Face Interviews 605 523 30 52 86

    Norman Wells 34 28 2 4 82

    Small North 204 181 13 10 89

    Small South A 230 205 8 17 89

    Small South B 137 109 7 21 80

    1Included in this category are respondents that couldnt be reached a nd respondents unavaila ble for the

    duration of the survey.

    Source: NWT Bureau of Statist ics

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    Sampling error

    Standard errors were estimated with a formula assuming simple random sampling. This assumption

    not technically correct because the survey uses stratification, multiple stages of selection and psurvey weighting. In turn, not adjusting for these factors (i.e. complex survey design) can lead to bias

    point and variance estimates. Generally, stratification of homogenous groups can reduce standa

    errors, while cluster sampling tends to increase the standard errors relative to simple random sampli

    A byproduct of weighting is that when the variances of the weights are large, it can lead to larg

    standard errors than estimates based on un-weighted cases. These issues were addressed in the 20

    NTUMS and NWT Addictions Surveys, where it was found that almost all territorial level estimates ha

    design effect less than one. Since the standard errors of the proportions vary little from survey survey, design effects were not produced for the 2009 survey. Based on the stability of the standa

    errors, it is assumed that a binomial formula will provide a reliable estimate of the standard errors f

    each of the indicators.

    Reliability of estimates

    Standard errors are used to estimate the coefficient of variation (CV). The CV is the most widely us

    measure of reliability and provides an indication of how well the estimate obtained from the sam

    represents the true population value. According to Statistics Canadas data quality guidelines,

    estimate with a CV less than 16 5% is a reliable estimate of the population value Prevalence estima

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    measurement. Modifications may improve the validity or reliability of a measure, but there is also t

    chance that any changes may affect the comparability of questions from previous surveys. In this repo

    footnotes are included to describe instances on the possible effects of sample selection and whe

    questions have been modified.

    Significance tests

    In this report, two types of significance tests were used. The first test examined for significa

    differences in the prevalence of a measure between surveys or for trends over time. In most cases

    simple test comparing the binomial proportions by age, gender and ethnicity were used to indica

    whether there was a significant upward or downward trend in the prevalence of a measure betwe

    1996 and 2009.

    All data used in this report are taken from the following surveys: 1996 NWT Alcohol and Drug Surv

    2002 NWT Alcohol and Drug Survey, 2004 NTUMS Survey, 2004 NWT Addictions Survey, 2006 NW

    Addictions Survey, 2009 NWT Addictions Survey. In 2004, NTUMS was given as a separate survey fro

    the 2004 NWT Addictions survey, whereas it was combined with the 2006 and 2009 NWT Addictio

    survey.

    The second test examined for group differences in substance use and gambling behaviour by age, s

    ethnicity and education. Population group differences were only compared using data from the 20

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    Demographic indicators

    The substance use and gambling variables are presented by demographic indicators when possi

    throughout the report. These include:

    Demographics Categories of the Indicators

    Sex Male; Female

    Ethnicity Aboriginal; Non-Aboriginal

    Age The age groups reflect categories used to weight the survey results to NWT

    population estimates: 15 24; 25 39; 40 59; 60+. In some cases, 15 39 and

    40+ is used. The latter is used when measures are based on small numbers or whe

    15 to 39 year olds (high risk group) have similar prevalence.

    Highest Level of

    Education

    Less than High School - grade 11 or less; High School Diploma high school

    diploma; Some Post-Secondary trades certificate or diploma, or college

    certificate or diploma; University Degree.

    Community Type Yellowknife; Regional Centers which include Fort Smith, Hay River & Inuvik; Other

    Communities

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    Table 1. Proportion of current drinkers aged 15+ by select demographics,

    NWT 1996 - 2009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009 Trend1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % % Trend

    Total 79 78 78 78 77 n.s

    Male 80 81 81 84 80 n.s

    Female 77 76 75 71 74 n.s

    15-24 87 85 83 80 75 *

    25-39 84 84 84 87 87 n.s

    40-59 71 74 75 76 77 n.s

    60+ 56 53 57 49 58 n.s

    Aboriginal 70 71 70 69 74 n.s

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    Table 2: Proportion of current drinkers aged 15+

    by select demographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 77

    Male 80*

    Female 74

    15-24 75

    25-39 87*

    40-59 77

    60+ 58*

    Aboriginal 74*

    b l 8

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    Table 4: Frequency of drinking among current drinkers aged 15+ by

    select demographics, NWT 2009

    More than 1 to 3 Less than

    once per Once per times per once per

    week (%) week (%) month (%) month (%)

    Total 30 17 28 25

    Male 37 17 25 22

    Female 23 17 31 29

    15-24 22 23 31 24

    25-39 31* 16 27 26

    40-59 32 17 27 24

    60+ 41* F 24E 26E

    25* 16 29 30*

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    Table 6: Usual number of drinks on a single occasion amongcurrent drinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT2009

    1 or 2 3 or 4 5+

    drinks drinks drinks

    % % %

    Total 38 18 43

    Male 32* 17 50*

    Female 46 19 35

    15-24 23 13E 64

    25-39 38* 17 44*

    40-59 45* 22* 32*

    60+ 46* 18E 36*

    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 7: Heavy drinking at least once per month among currentdrinkers aged 15+ by

    select demographics, NWT 2002 2009

    2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % Trend

    Total 41 46 45 47 *

    Male 50 59 50 56 *

    Female 30 32 39 37 *

    15-24 56 64 60 62 n.s

    25-39 41 49 47 52 *

    40-59 31 35 38 37n.s

    60+ 28E 26E 27E 37 n.s

    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 8: Heavy drinking at least once per monthamong current drinkers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 47

    Male 56*Female 37

    15-24 62

    25-39 52*

    40-59 37*

    60+ 37*

    Aboriginal 56*

    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 9: Heavy drinking at least once per week among currentdrinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2002 2009

    2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % Trend

    Total 13 15 14 18 *

    Male 17 21 18 22 n.sFemale 8 8 9 12 *

    15-24 15E 14 19 27 *

    25-39 13 17 14 15 n.s

    40-59 10 13 13 14 n.s

    60+ 12E

    F

    F

    19E

    n.s

    Aboriginal 17 22 16 24 *

    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 10: Heavy drinking at least once per weekamong current drinkers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 18

    Male 22*Female 12

    15-24 27

    25-39 15*

    40-59 14*

    60+ 19E

    Aboriginal 24*

    APPENDIX: A

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    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 12: Type of drinker among residents aged 15+ by select demographics,

    NWT 2009

    Light Light Heavy Hea

    Abstainer Former Infrequent Frequent Infrequent Freque

    % % % % %

    Total 7 15 26 18 15

    Male 5E*

    15 21*

    19 17 2Female 10 16 32 17 13

    Aboriginal 6 21* 21* 7* 23* 2

    Non- Aboriginal 8 11 31 28 8

    15-24 16 9E 20 8E 22 2

    25- 39 5E*

    8E

    28*

    20*

    18 240- 59 5E* 19* 28* 24* 11* 1

    F * E F

    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 13: Harm in the past 12 months from own drinking amongcurrent drinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2004 - 2009

    2004 2006 2009

    % % %

    Total 22 21 23

    Male 23 22 26Female 20 19 20

    15-24 44 34 37

    25-39 20 18 21

    40-59 12E 15 17

    60+

    F

    22

    E

    27

    E

    Aboriginal 44 32 40

    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 14: Harm in the past 12 months from own drinkingamong current drinkers aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009

    %

    Total 23

    Male 26Female 20

    15-24 37

    25-39 21*

    40-59 17*

    60+ 27E

    Aboriginal 40*

    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 15: Harm from other people's drinking in past 12 months amongresidents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 1996 - 2009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % % Trend

    Total 55 53 56 53 51 n.s

    Male 54 56 60 56 53n.s

    Female 56 51 51 49 48 *

    15-24 76 73 78 66 65 n.s

    25-39 52 54 56 53 55 n.s

    40-59 50 46 49 50 44 n.s

    60+ 26E

    28E

    29 33 35n.s

    Aboriginal 63 64 63 62 59 n.s

    APPENDIX: A

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    Table 16: Harm from other people's drinking in past 12months among residents aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009

    %

    Total 51

    Male 53

    Female 48

    15-24 65

    25-39 55*

    40-59 44*

    60+ 35*

    Aboriginal 59*

    APPENDIX: A

    T bl 17 D i i i hi h f d i ki l 2 d i k

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    Table 17: Driving within an hour of drinking at least 2+ drinks among currentdrinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 1996 2009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % % Trend

    Total 21 19 17 14 13 *

    Male 29 27 21 18 16*

    Female 10E 7E 13 8E 8E n.s

    15-24 23E 23E 25E 20E 14E n.s

    25-39 23 20 18 13 16 *

    40-59 16E 14 14 13 10 *

    60+

    F

    F

    F

    F

    F

    -

    Aboriginal 24 26 28 19 10 *

    APPENDIX: A

    T bl 18 D i i ithi h f d i ki t l t 2

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    Table 18: Driving within an hour of drinking at least 2+drinks among current drinkers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 13

    Male 16*

    Female 8E

    15-24 14E

    25-39 16

    40-59 10

    60+

    F

    Aboriginal 10*

    APPENDIX: A

    T bl 19 H f l d h d d i ki (AUDIT) t

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    Table 19: Harmful and hazardous drinking (AUDIT) among currentdrinkers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2004 and 2009

    2004 2006 2009% % %

    Total 41 37 42

    Male 52 44 48

    Female 29 28 34

    15-24 63 48 62

    25-39 46 36 42

    40-59 26 34 31

    60+ 19E 18E 34

    Aboriginal 69 54 61

    Non Aboriginal 22 25 25

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 20: Harmful and hazardous drinking (AUDIT)

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    Table 20: Harmful and hazardous drinking (AUDIT)among current drinkers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 42

    Male 48

    *

    Female 34

    15-24 62

    25-39 42*

    40-59 31*

    60+ 34*

    Aboriginal 61*

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 21: Lifetime cannabis use among residents aged 15+ by select

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    Table 21: Lifetime cannabis use among residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 1996-2009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009% % % % % Trend

    Total 53 56 60 60 59 *

    Male 58 61 68 65 64 n.s

    Female 48 52 51 55 54*

    15-24 56 67 71 64 67 n.s

    25-39 66 65 66 66 66 n.s

    40-59 42 53 59 62 62 *

    60+ F F 14E 24 19E -

    Aboriginal 53 58 64 66 66*

    Non-Aboriginal 53 55 56 55 53 n.s

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 22: Lifetime cannabis use among

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    Table 22: Lifetime cannabis use amongresidents aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009

    %

    Total 59

    Male 64*

    Female

    54

    15-24 67

    25-39 66

    40-59 62

    60+ 19*E

    Aboriginal 66*Non-Aboriginal 53

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 23: Cannabis use in the past 12 months among residents aged 15+ by

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    Table 23: Cannabis use in the past 12 months among residents aged 15+ byselect demographics, NWT 1996-2009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % % Trend

    Total 16 21 21 20 20 *

    Male 20 25 26 26 25 n.s

    Female 11 16 15 13 16 *

    15-24 29 45 46 36 41 *

    25-39 19 20 22 23 24 *

    40-59 5E 11 9E 13 10 *

    60+F

    F

    F

    F

    F

    -

    n s

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 24: Cannabis use in the past 12 months among

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    Table 24: Cannabis use in the past 12 months amongresidents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT2009

    %

    Total 20

    Male 25*

    Female 16

    15-24 41

    25-39 24*

    40-59 10*

    60+ F

    Aboriginal 28*

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 25: Lifetime use of other illicit drugs among residents aged

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    Table 25: Lifetime use of other illicit drugs among residents aged15+ by select demographics, NWT 2002 2009

    2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % Trend

    Total 16 18 17 24 *

    Male 19 24 23 30 *Female 12 11 11 17 *

    15-24 14E 19 20 24 *

    25-39 16 22 22 29 *

    40-59 20 17 16 25 *

    60+F

    F

    F

    F

    -

    *

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 26: Lifetime use of other illicit drugs

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    Table 26: Lifetime use of other illicit drugsamong residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 24

    Male 30

    *

    Female 17

    15-24 24

    25-39 29

    40-59 25

    60+ F

    Aboriginal 25

    APPENDIX: A

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    APPENDIX: A

    Table 27a: Any type of other illicit drug use (footnote 1) in past 12 months

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    y yp g ( ) p

    among residents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2002 2009

    2002

    2004

    2006

    2009

    Tred

    % % % %

    Total 2E 3E 4 4

    Male 2E 5E 6E 6E

    Female F F F 2E

    Aboriginal F 4E 4E 6

    Non- Aboriginal 2E F 3E 2E

    15 to 39 2E 5 6 7

    40+ F F F F

    E Moderate sampling variability - interpret with caution.

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 28: Cocaine/Crack and hallucinogen lifetime use

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    among residents aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009

    Cocaine Hallu-

    or Crack cinogens

    % %

    Lifetime 11 20

    Male 13

    *

    24

    *

    Female 8 14

    Aboriginal 12 9*

    Non-Aboriginal 10 15

    15 - 39 10 21

    40+ 11 18

    Less than High School 9 16

    APPENDIX: A

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    APPENDIX: A

    Table 30: Smoking Status in past 12 months among residents aged 15+

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    by select demographics, NWT 2009

    Current DailyOcca-sional Former Never

    % % % % %

    Total 36 25 11 23 41

    Male 38 27 11 24 38Female 34 24 10 22 43

    15-24 46 26 20 6E 48

    25-39 36* 25 11* 18* 46

    40-59 32* 26 6E* 31* 36*

    60+ 29*

    21 8E*

    46*

    25*

    * * * *

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 30 (a): Average age of starting to smoke amongd f d l k d b l

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    current and former daily smokers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    2009

    Total 17.9

    Male 17.8

    Female 18.1

    15-24 15.9

    25-39 18.0

    40-59 18.3

    60+ 19.3

    Aboriginal 17.8

    Non-Aboriginal 18.1

    L th Hi h S h l 18 1

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 31: Average number of smokes per day among dailyk d 15 b l t d hi NWT 1996

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    smokers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 19962009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009 Trend

    Total 14 15 14 12 12 *

    Male 16 16 16 14 14 *

    Female 12 14 12 11 10 *

    15-24 10 12 12 12 10 n.s.

    25-39 14 15 14 11 10 *

    40-59 17 17 16 14 13 *

    60+ 13 14 11E 11 18 n.s.

    Aboriginal 12 14 12 10 10 n.s.Non-Aboriginal 16 16 17 15 15 n.s.

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 32: Average number of smokes per dayd il k d 15+ b l t

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    among daily smokers aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    2009

    Total 12

    Male 14*

    Female 10

    15-24 10

    25-39 10

    40-59 13

    60+ 18*

    Aboriginal 10*

    Non-Aboriginal 15

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 33: Quit rates among ever smokers aged 15+ by select demographics,

    NWT 1996 2009

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    NWT 1996 2009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % % Trend

    Total 36 31 35 38 39 n.s

    Male 36 31 34 37 39n.s

    Female 36 30 36 38 40 n.s

    15-24 27E 11E 18E 18E 11E *

    25-39 33 26 31 34 33 n.s

    40-59 42 44 42 44 49 n.s

    60+ 56 50 56 58 61 n.s

    Ab i i l 25 22 23 32 27 n s

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 34: Quit rates among ever smokers

    d 15 b l t d hi NWT 2009

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    aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 39

    Male 39

    Female

    40

    15-24 11E

    25-39 33*

    40-59 49*

    60+ 61*

    Aboriginal 27*

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 34a: Exposure to second-hand smoke in homes everyday or almost every day among residents aged 15+ by select

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    day or almost every day among residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 20

    Male 22

    Female 18

    15-24 26

    25-39 11*

    40-59 23

    60+ 28

    Aboriginal 28*

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 34b: Exposure to second-hand smoke in vehicles atleast once per week among residents aged 15+ by select

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    least once per week among residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 24

    Male 29*

    Female 19

    15-24 41

    25-39 23*

    40-59 19*

    60+ 15*E

    Aboriginal 34*

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 35: Prevalence of lifetime chewing tobacco use among residents aged15+ by select demographics NWT 1996 2009

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    15+ by select demographics, NWT 1996 2009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % % Trend

    Total 16 18 19 19 18 n.s

    Male 23 27 27 28 27 n.s

    Female 9 7 11 8 8 n.s

    15-24 19E 19 25 17 12E n.s

    25-39 18 19 19 19 24 *

    40-59 11E 14 17 19 17 *

    60+ 19E 21E 15E 18E 12E n.s

    Aboriginal 27 26 26 22 22 n.s

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 36: Prevalence of lifetime chewing tobacco useamong residents aged 15+ by select demographics,

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    among residents aged 15+ by select demographics,NWT 2009

    %

    Total 18

    Male 27*

    Female 8

    15-24 12E

    25-39 24*

    40-59 17

    60+ 12E

    Aboriginal 22*

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 37: Prevalence of chewing tobacco use in the past 30days among residents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT

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    days among residents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT1996 2009.

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    % % % % %

    Total 3E 4 3E 3E 2E

    Male 3E 5E F 3E 2E

    Female 3E 3E 4E 2E 3E

    15-24 F F F F F

    25-39 3E 5E 3E 3E 3E

    40-59 F 3E F 3E F

    60+ F 8E F F F

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 38: Prevalence of chewing tobacco use in the past 30 days

    among residents aged 15+ by select demographics NWT 2009

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    among residents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 2E

    Male 2E

    Female 3E

    15-24 F

    25-39 3E

    40-59 F

    60+ F

    Aboriginal 5E

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 39: Proportion of current gamblers among residents aged 15+by select demographics, NWT 1996 2009

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    y g p ,

    1996 2002 2006 2009% % % % Trend

    Total 78 73 72 71 *

    Male 81 73 73 70 *

    Female 76 73 71 72 n.s

    15-24 75 73 67 64 *

    25-39 82 75 73 77 n.s

    40-59 73 73 73 74 n.s

    60+ 84 69 76 59 *

    Aboriginal 84 80 76 76 *

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 40: Proportion of current gamblers amongresidents aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT

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    g y g p ,2009

    %

    Total 71

    Male 70

    Female 72

    15-24 64

    25-39 77*

    40-59 74*

    60+ 59

    Aboriginal 76*

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 41: Multiple types of gambling in past year among current gamblers aged 15+

    by select demographics, NWT 1996 2009.

    1996 2002 2006 2009 Trend

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    1996 2002 2006 2009 Trend

    1 Type 2+ 1 Type 2+ 1 Type 2+ 1 Type 2+

    % % % % % % % % 1 Type 2+

    Total 30 70 32 68 31 69 36 64 * *

    Male 28 72 31 69 30 70 34 66 n.s n.s

    Female 34 66 33 67 32 68 39 61 n.s n.s

    15-24 19 81 27 73 34 66 37 63

    *

    *

    25-39 29 71 30 70 23 77 35 65 n.s n.s

    40-59 35 65 36 64 33 67 37 63 n.s n.s

    60+ 48 52 41 59 41 59 37 63 n.s n.s

    Aboriginal 21 79 24 76 27 73 28 72 * *

    Non-Aboriginal 38 62 40 60 35 65 45 55 n.s n.s

    Less than High School 21 79 30 70 31 69 36 64 * *

    High School Diploma 29 71 32 68 28 72 30 70 n.s n.s

    Some Post Secondary 33 67 32 68 32 68 35 65 n.s n.s

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 42: Multiple types of gambling in past yearamong current gamblers aged 15+ by select

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    demographics, NWT 2009

    %

    1 Type 2+

    Total 36 64

    Male 34 66

    Female 39 61

    15-24 37 63

    25-39 35 65

    40-59 37 63

    60+ 37 63

    APPENDIX: A

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    APPENDIX: A

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    APPENDIX: A

    Table 45: Average money spent in a typical week of gamblingamong current gamblers aged 15+ by select demographics, NWT1996 2009

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    1996 2009

    1996 2002 2006 2009

    $ $ $ $ Trend

    Total 45 45 44 40 n.s

    Male 45 44 44 40 n.s

    Female 45 46 45 40 n.s

    15-24 45 44E 46 39E n.s

    25-39 45 43 45 33E n.s

    40-59 43 46 40 41 n.s

    60+ 53 41 52 61 n.s

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 46: Average money spent in a typical week ofgambling among current gamblers aged 15+ by selectdemographics NWT 2009

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    demographics, NWT 2009

    $

    Total 40

    Male 40

    Female

    40

    15-24 39E

    25-39 33E

    40-59 41

    60+ 61*

    Aboriginal 64*

    Non-Aboriginal 15

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 47: Prevalence of regular gambling among residents aged15+ by select demographics, NWT 1996 - 2009

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    1996 2002 2006 2009

    % % % % Trend

    Total 29 25 23 23 *

    Male 29 25 25 26 n.s

    Female

    30 25 20 19

    *

    15-24 23E 18 20 20 n.s

    25-39 27 22 19 17 *

    40-59 33 30 24 26 *

    60+ 44 38 39 34 n.s

    Aboriginal 39 33 29 31 * *

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 48: Prevalence of regular gamblingamong residents aged 15+ by selectdemographics NWT 2009

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    demographics, NWT 2009

    %

    Total 23

    Male 26*

    Female

    19

    15-24 20

    25-39 17

    40-59 26

    60+ 34*

    Aboriginal 31*

    APPENDIX: A

    Table 49: Sample sizes of each survey and the corresponding weighted samples

    by select demographics, NWT 1996 - 2009

    1996 2002 2004 2006 2009

    Weighted Sample Weighted Sample Weighted Sample Weighted Sample Weighted Sample

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    Total 29,517 881 30,431 1,295 32,389 845 31,759 1,235 33,998 1,160

    Male 14,968 408 15,892 595 16,841 380 16,539 571 17,738 535Female 14,549 473 14,539 700 15,548 465 15,220 664 16,261 625

    15-24 6,012 100 6,413 174 6,978 100 6,757 214 7,057 211

    25-39 12,965 422 11,467 489 10,918 282 10,571 430 10,934 350

    40-59 8,337 280 9,602 487 11,307 363 11,121 450 12,226 448

    60+ 2,203 79 2,743 137 2,993 94 3,258 138 3,782 151

    Aboriginal 12,467 340 14,188 567 15,050 389 15,334 619 16,123 627

    Non-Aboriginal 17,050 541 16,242 728 17,340 456 16,425 616 17,876 533

    Less than High School 10,333 268 11,384 446 11,515 276 10,854 425 11,803 448

    High School Diploma 5,389 153 6,147 252 6,473 158 6,471 254 6,499 207Some Post-Secondary 7,970 258 7,125 325 7,121 200 8,319 298 8,363 272

    University Degree 5,305 186 5,456 259 7,232 209 6,064 257 7,332 232