NVOVA FIGVRA DI tel (Kartenslg. 3,6). ANTONINO SALIBA’S€¦ · Photograph Henrique Ruas,...
Transcript of NVOVA FIGVRA DI tel (Kartenslg. 3,6). ANTONINO SALIBA’S€¦ · Photograph Henrique Ruas,...
pla
te
1. A
NT
ON
INO
SA
LIB
A’S
NV
OV
A F
IGV
RA
DI
TV
TT
E L
E C
OSE
. (S
ee p
. 76
.) S
alib
a’s
map
is
confi
ned
to
the
elem
enta
l sp
here
s of
the
cos
mos
, it
s co
ncen
tric
cir
cles
ex-
pand
ing
from
a s
ubte
rran
ean
zone
of m
etal
s, fi
res,
and
aqu
ifer
s,
thro
ugh
a te
rraq
ueou
s su
rfac
e ill
ustr
ated
by
a cr
ude
pola
r w
orld
map
, to
thre
e zo
nes
of a
ir c
orre
spon
ding
to
Ari
stot
le’s
met
eo-
rolo
gica
l th
eory
, an
d fi n
ally
to
the
zone
of
fi re
wit
h it
s ph
oe-
nix
and
sala
man
der.
Salib
a’s
subs
urfa
ce c
osm
ogra
phy
reve
als
vari
ous
leve
ls o
f ac
tivi
ty: h
uman
min
ing
in a
ddit
ion
to n
atur
al
phen
omen
a su
ch a
s su
bter
rane
an w
ater
s, v
olca
nic
acti
vity
, hot
spri
ngs,
and
the
spre
ad o
f met
allic
vei
ns b
elie
ved
to g
row
wit
hin
the
livin
g bo
dy o
f ea
rth.
In
som
e ve
rsio
ns,
the
eart
h’s
core
is
repr
esen
ted
as h
ell,
whi
le t
he s
un a
nd m
oon
appe
ar i
n th
eco
rner
s of
the
cha
rt t
o su
gges
t th
e pl
anet
ary
spac
es b
eyon
d.
Phen
omen
a in
the
thr
ee r
egio
ns o
f ai
r fe
ll w
ithi
n th
e sc
ope
of
cosm
ogra
phy,
as
Api
an’s
rev
olut
iona
ry im
ages
of
com
ets’
tai
ls
poin
ting
tow
ard
the
sun
indi
cate
.Si
ze o
f th
e or
igin
al (
incl
udin
g te
xt):
56.
4 X
81
cm.
Phot
o-gr
aph
cour
tesy
of
the
Her
zog
Aug
ust
Bib
lioth
ek,
Wol
fenb
üt-
tel (
Kar
tens
lg. 3
,6).
pla
te
2. A
ME
ASU
RE
D C
OSM
OS.
(Se
e p.
83.
) Pe
rhap
s th
e m
ost
acco
mpl
ishe
d si
xtee
nth-
cent
ury
atte
mpt
to
map
the
sca
le
of t
he w
orld
mac
hine
, Bar
tolo
meu
Vel
ho’s
“Fi
gvra
dos
cor
pos
cele
stes
” ill
ustr
ates
the
geom
etry
and
geo
grap
hy o
f the
ele
men
-ta
l ear
th, w
ith
air
and
fi re
repr
esen
ted
by c
loud
s an
d fl a
mes
, the
se
ven
plan
etar
y sp
here
s w
ith
the
leng
th o
f da
y gi
ven
for
each
pl
anet
, the
fi rm
amen
t w
ith
zodi
acal
sig
ns, t
he p
rim
um m
obil
e
in b
lue,
and
the
empy
reum
in
red.
The
cos
mos
is
bath
ed i
n ce
lest
ial l
ight
spr
eadi
ng fr
om th
e co
rner
s of
the
page
, wit
h G
od
the
Fath
er in
the
top
rig
ht, t
he C
ross
and
Dov
e (S
on a
nd H
oly
Spir
it)
top
left
, and
the
cho
irs
of a
ngel
s su
rrou
ndin
g.Si
ze o
f th
e or
igin
al:
ca.
34.3
X 4
7 cm
. B
arto
lom
eu V
elho
, “C
osm
ogra
phia
” (1
568)
. Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
the
BN
F(R
es. G
e E
E 2
66, f
ols.
9v–
10r)
.
plate 3. THE EARLIEST SUFI LATINUS MANUSCRIPT. (See p. 105.) This manuscript of the Ptolemaic catalog features constellation maps modeled after Islamic al- .S-uf-i fi gures. The stars are numbered to correspond to the Ptolemaic catalog,
and the sizes of the stars are graduated to correspond to their magnitude. The pattern of the stars within the constellation roughly mirrors that in the night sky.Photograph courtesy of the BNF (Arsenal MS. 1036, fol. 5).
pla
te
4. D
ET
AIL
S O
F T
HE
CE
LE
STIA
L A
ND
TE
RR
ES-
TR
IAL
GL
OB
ES
FRO
M T
HE
AM
BA
SSA
DO
RS.
(See
p. 1
35.)
H
ans
Hol
bein
’s 1
533
pain
ting
is il
lust
rate
d as
fi gu
re 6
.1.
Size
of
the
deta
ils: c
a. 3
5 X
35
cm a
nd c
a. 2
6 X
26
cm. P
hoto
-gr
aph
© N
atio
nal G
alle
ry, L
ondo
n (N
G 1
314)
.
plate 5. THE ST. GALLEN COSMOGRAPHIC GLOBE, CA. 1575. (See p. 147.) The globe was acquired by the ab-bot Bernhard II for the monastery of St. Gallen. Although the stand has the date 1595 alongside the abbot’s coat of arms, the globe was probably made much earlier, but its provenance and maker are unknown. In addition to the outlines of the
main continents, there are a number of constellations drawn on this globe in the oceans, thus combining the terrestrial with the celestial sphere.Size of the original: diameter 121 cm; height 233 cm. Photo-graph courtesy of the Schweizerisches Landesmuseum, Zurich (inv. nr. DEP 846).
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te
6. G
IOV
AN
NI
BA
TT
IST
A C
AV
AL
LIN
I, L
AR
GE
-SC
AL
E N
AU
TIC
AL
CH
AR
T, 1
652.
(Se
e p.
205
.) A
det
aile
d ch
art o
f the
coa
st fr
om N
ice
to C
ivit
avec
chia
from
the
naut
ical
“T
eatr
o de
l Mon
do M
arit
tim
o” b
y C
aval
lini,
Leg
horn
.
Size
of
the
orig
inal
: 57
X 6
6 cm
. Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
the
Is
titu
to e
Mus
eo d
i St
oria
del
la S
cien
za,
Flor
ence
(M
ED
G.
F. 2
7).
pla
te
7. J
AC
OPO
MA
GG
IOL
O,
NA
UT
ICA
L C
HA
RT
OF
TH
E M
ED
ITE
RR
AN
EA
N A
ND
TH
E A
TL
AN
TIC
CO
AST
, G
EN
OA
, 156
1. (
See
p. 2
10.)
Size
of
the
orig
inal
: 92
X 1
25 c
m. P
hoto
grap
h co
urte
sy o
f th
e M
useo
Nav
ale
di P
egli,
Gen
oa (
NIM
N 3
372)
.
pla
te
8. F
RA
NÇ
OIS
OL
LIV
E, N
AU
TIC
AL
CH
AR
T O
F T
HE
M
ED
ITE
RR
AN
EA
N, M
AR
SEIL
LE
S, 1
664.
(Se
e p.
233
.)Si
ze o
f th
e or
igin
al:
88 X
130
cm
. Ph
otog
raph
© M
usée
Na-
tion
al d
e la
Mar
ine /
Pat
rick
Dan
tec,
Par
is (
9 N
A 2
3).
plate 9. HENRICUS MARTELLUS GERMANUS, MAP OF CEYLON. (See p. 267.) The map is included in several known copies of the “Insularium illustratum” (ca. 1480–90) and is based on the Ptolemaic map of the island, whose name is pre-served (Taprobana Insvla Indiana). A note on the map men-tions that the island is surrounded by an archipelago of 1,378 islets. Henricus Martellus does not appear to have produced
an original cartographic work. He complemented Cristoforo Buondelmonti’s isolario with maps of islands as well as of mainland regions, presenting a composite universal atlas based on the material available at the time.Size of the original: 46.3 X 30.2 cm. Photograph courtesy of the BL (Add. MS. 15760, fol. 62r).
pla
te
10.
PTO
LE
MA
IC M
AN
USC
RIP
T M
AP
OF
AFR
ICA
FR
OM
TH
E W
ILC
ZE
K B
RO
WN
CO
DE
X. (
See
p. 3
17.)
Size
of
each
mou
ntin
g bo
ard:
39
X 2
8.3
cm.
Phot
ogra
phy
cour
tesy
of
the
John
Car
ter
Bro
wn
Lib
rary
, Bro
wn
Uni
vers
ity,
Prov
iden
ce (
Acc
. 311
37).
plate 11. PAGE FROM A MANUSCRIPT EDITION OF THE SEPTE GIORNATE, [1482]. (See p. 323.) Francesco Berlinghieri is shown in the illuminated “C” at the top of the page. The circles in the right margin show Berlinghieri, Ficino, and Ptolemy in different scenes from the text; the ovals on the
left all depict Ptolemy.Size of the original: 44 X 31 cm. Biblioteca Nazionale Braid-ense, Milan (AC XIV 44, fol. 1r). By concession of the Mini-stero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali.
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te
12.
JEA
N C
OSS
IN,
MA
NU
SCR
IPT
WO
RL
D M
AP
ON
TH
E S
INU
SOID
AL
PR
OJE
CT
ION
, 15
70.
(See
p.
372.
) T
his
proj
ecti
on, b
ased
on
eleg
ant
sine
cur
ves,
is a
n eq
ual-
area
proj
ecti
on a
nd w
as p
opul
ariz
ed a
lmos
t a c
entu
ry la
ter
by G
uil-
laum
e Sa
nson
and
Joh
n Fl
amst
eed.
Phot
ogra
ph c
ourt
esy
of t
he B
NF
(Rés
. Ge
D 7
896)
.
textual narratives: the primary description of the coastal descent from “ylheos” to “porto seguro,” at top; toponymic titles (at ninety-degree angles to the coast) reminiscent of early portolan charts, at middle; and sophisticated instructions for entering and departing from ports and harbors (at ninety-degree angles to the coast), at bottom.Photograph Henrique Ruas, courtesy of the Biblioteca da Aju-da / IPPAR, Lisbon (52-XII-25, fol. 10v).
plate 13. PORTUGUESE ROTEIRO, ATTRIBUTED TO LUÍS TEIXEIRA. (See p. 462.) From the “Roteiro de todos os sinais, conhecimentos, fundos, baixos, alturas, e derrotas que há na costa do Brasil desde o cabo de Santo Agostinho até o estreito de Fernão de Magalhães.” This depiction of the Brazilian coastline near Porto Seguro, the region where Pedro Álvares Cabral and his fl eet made landfall on their maiden journey to South America in 1500, contains three separate
pla
te
14.
PLA
NE
CH
AR
T O
F T
HE
AT
LA
NT
IC O
CE
AN
, C
RE
AT
ED
AFT
ER
154
9 B
Y A
N A
NO
NY
MO
US
POR
TU
-G
UE
SE C
AR
TO
GR
APH
ER
. (Se
e p.
519
.) T
he c
hart
’s la
titu
de
scal
e is
pro
min
entl
y de
pict
ed i
n th
e m
iddl
e of
the
oce
an.
Sig-
nifi c
antl
y, t
his
char
t al
so h
as a
n ob
lique
mer
idia
n, lo
cate
d ju
st
off
of t
he L
abra
dor
coas
t.Si
ze o
f th
e or
igin
al:
63 X
88
cm.
Phot
ogra
ph c
ourt
esy
of t
he
BN
F (C
arte
s et
Pla
ns, R
és. G
e B
114
8).
plate 15. FOUR EXAMPLES OF EARLY COLOR PRINT-ING, 1513. (See p. 594.) A comparison of four maps of Lor-raine from Claudius Ptolemy, Geography (Strasbourg, 1513), reveals considerable variation among the colors used to print the three woodblocks in this experimental printing (red, yel-low / brown, and black). Close examination also reveals subtle differences in the state and content of the three blocks.
Photographs courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University, Providence (upper left); the American Geo-graphical Society Library, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Libraries (Rare 420 pt, pl. 47) (lower left); the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Atlas N-3-A) (upper right); and the National Library of Finland, Helsinki (N. 2173) (lower right).
plate 16. THE TWO KNOWN COLORED VERSIONS OF FRANCESCO ROSSELLI’S OVAL WORLD MAP, CA. 1508. (See p. 604.) A comparison of these two colored versions reveals differences in the geographical content based on the coloring alone. Note the coastline of the continent in the Antarctic area. It is not named Antarticvs; the “C,” for Circvlvs, in front of
that word has been colored over in the lower example. See also fi gure 1.3.Photograph courtesy of the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Florence. By concession of the Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali della Repubblica Italiana (top). Photograph © Na-tional Maritime Museum, London (G201: 1/53A) (bottom).
plate 17. SIGNED COLORING BY JACKOMINA LIEFRINCK (LIEFRYNCK). (See p. 606.) An unusual instance of the colorist’s signing a map or title page, in this case the title page of the 1586 edition of the Speculum nauticum of Lucas
Jansz. Waghenaer. Jackomina (Mynken) was the daughter of the engraver Hans Liefrinck.Photograph courtesy of the BNF (Rés. G 46).
plate 18. DITCHLEY PORTRAIT OF ELIZABETH I, AT-TRIBUTED TO MARCUS GHEERAERTS, CA. 1592. (See p. 669.) An imposing fi gure of Elizabeth I—Gloriana in all her glory—stretches the metonymic association of the monarch and
the nation by literally towering over the lands in her possession. The map itself is drawn after the Christopher Saxton model.Size of the original: 241.3 X 152.4 cm. Photograph courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London (NPG 2561).
pla
te
19.
CL
AE
S JA
NSZ
. V
ISSC
HE
R,
LE
O B
EL
GIC
US.
(See
p. 6
74.)
Thi
s ve
rsio
n of
the
bello
win
g L
eo B
elgi
cus—
liter
-al
ly,
the
Bel
gian
Lio
n—w
as e
xecu
ted
duri
ng t
he T
wel
ve-Y
ear
Tru
ce,
a lu
ll in
the
fi g
htin
g of
the
Eig
hty
Yea
rs’
War
bet
wee
n Sp
ain
and
the
Net
herl
ands
. On
the
left
are
vie
ws
of te
n ci
ties
of
the
nort
hern
Net
herl
ands
that
wer
e th
en g
over
ned
(de
fact
o) b
y
the
Stat
es G
ener
al a
nd t
he H
ouse
of
Ora
nge;
on
the
righ
t ar
e te
n ci
ties
und
er t
he c
ontr
ol o
f th
e Sp
anis
h re
gent
s an
d Ph
ilip
III.
Not
e th
e sl
umpi
ng s
uit
of a
rmor
in t
he lo
wer
rig
ht c
orne
r,id
enti
fi ed
as “
Slee
ping
Mar
s.”
Phot
ogra
ph c
ourt
esy
of t
he S
tich
ting
Atl
as v
an S
tolk
, R
ot-
terd
am (
no. 1
248)
.
plate 20. JOHANNES DE RAM AND COENRAERT DECKER, DELFT, CA. 1675-78. (See p. 694.) This splendid map of Delft illustrates the role of city views and maps as a form of civic boosterism. The image stresses Delft’s importance as a seaport and center of trade in faience and cloth. It com-bines a profi le view (at top) and a plan view (middle, with a
smaller-scale plan upper right), with various public buildings surrounding the plan. Size of the original: 160 X 180.5 cm. Photograph courtesy of the Gemeente Musea Delft, Collectie Stedelijk Museum Het Prinsenhof (D 162).
pla
te
21.
WO
TT
ON
UN
DE
RW
OO
D,
BU
CK
ING
HA
M-
SHIR
E.
(See
p.
707.
) T
he m
ap w
as p
roba
bly
mad
e at
som
e ti
me
betw
een
1564
and
158
6 to
illu
stra
te p
oint
s of
dis
pute
be
twee
n th
e co
mm
unit
ies
of W
otto
n U
nder
woo
d an
d L
udge
r-
shal
l ari
sing
fro
m r
ight
s of
com
mon
on
the
one
hund
red
acre
s of
“W
otto
n L
awnd
.”Ph
otog
raph
cou
rtes
y of
the
Hun
ting
ton
Lib
rary
, Sa
n M
arin
o (S
tow
e M
anus
crip
ts, S
T 5
9).
plat
e 22
. T
APE
STR
Y M
AP
OF
TH
E M
ED
ITE
RR
AN
EA
N
BA
SIN
, 15
49–5
1. (
See
p. 7
24.)
Thi
s is
the
fi r
st t
apes
try
in t
he
colle
ctio
n of
wha
t w
as o
rigi
nally
tw
elve
tap
estr
ies
of t
he C
on-
ques
t of
Tun
is s
erie
s co
mm
issi
oned
by
Cha
rles
V a
nd d
etai
ling
his e
xped
ition
to T
unis
in 1
535.
Onl
y te
n of
the
orig
inal
car
toon
s(f
ull-
size
dra
win
gs o
n pa
per
in c
harc
oal a
nd o
verl
aid
wit
h w
a-te
rcol
or),
des
igne
d by
Jan
Cor
nelis
z. V
erm
eyen
bet
wee
n ab
out
1544
/45
and
1550
, sur
vive
(all
in th
e K
unst
hist
oris
ches
Mus
eum
in
Vie
nna)
. Tw
elve
ful
l-si
ze t
apes
trie
s (e
diti
o pr
ince
ps)
wer
e w
oven
fro
m V
erm
eyen
’s ca
rtoo
ns b
y W
illem
de
Pann
emak
er in
B
russ
els
from
154
9 to
155
4; t
en, i
nclu
ding
thi
s on
e, n
ow h
ang
in t
he P
alac
io d
e O
rien
te a
nd A
rmer
ía R
eal i
n M
adri
d.Si
ze o
f th
e or
igin
al:
520
X 8
95 c
m.
Phot
ogra
ph c
opyr
ight
©
Patr
imon
io N
acio
nal,
Mad
rid
(inv
. 100
0589
5).
plate 23. SELF-PORTRAIT OF SIR NATHANIEL BACON, CA. 1618–20. (See p. 735.) Oil on canvas by English amateur painter Nathaniel Bacon, this portrait shows the author holding a drawing and sitting with his books, writing materials, and an
atlas of Abraham Ortelius open to the map of Germania.Size of the original: 205.7 X 153.6 cm. Private Collec-tion / Bridgeman Art Library, New York (GRH 242121).
plate 24. THE SEVEN CITIES OF CÍBOLA FROM JOAN MARTINES’S CHART OF 1578. (See p. 743.)
Size of the entire original: 24 X 36 cm; this portion ca. 24 X19.9 cm. Photograph courtesy of the BL (Harl. MS. 3450, map no. 10).