Nuts and Bolts (NaB) of the Internet of Things IEEE 802 ...
Transcript of Nuts and Bolts (NaB) of the Internet of Things IEEE 802 ...
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Nuts and Bolts (NaB) of the Internet of ThingsIEEE 802 Plenary March 2014
Beijing, China
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Contributors•Koussalya Balasubramanian, Hugh Barrass – Cisco Systems•John D’Ambrosia - Dell•Chris DiMinico - MC Communications/Panduit/PHY-SI LLC•Dave Dwelley – Linear Technologies•Howard Frazier - Broadcom•James Gilb - Chair IEEE 802.24 TAG •Thomas Hogenmüller - Robert Bosch GmbH•Jeremy Hulse – OTM Consulting for SIIS •David Law – Chair 802.3•Robert Lounsbury/Dayin Xu - Rockwell Automation•Harshang Pandya, Arvin Patel – Psiber Data Pte. Ltd. •Paul Nikolich - Chair 802 •Robert Wagner, Ronald Nordin – Panduit•Bob Heile - Zigbee Alliance
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• Introduction
• James Gilb [email protected], Chair IEEE 802.24 TAG - restatement of meeting announcement
• Chris DiMinico - Present agenda
• Agenda -
• Paul Nikolich Chair 802 -(5 min) Paul's perspective/expectations of this effort
• Hugh Barrass – Concept of IoT nuts and bolts – MIB - Common management
• Case studies:
1. Subsea Cabling/link Segments/testing (instrumentation standardization –Chris DiMinicohttp://www.siis-jip.com
• Ethernet and Ecosystem
2. Industrial automation/Broadcast –
Panduit - Bob Wagner, Rockwell Automation – Bob Lounsbury/Dayin Xu
3. Automotive - Thomas Hogenmüller - Robert Bosch GmbH
• Capabilities:
1. PoE- PoDL (RTPGE) and 4-pair higher power - Dave Dwelley/ Koussalya Balasubramanian
2. Channel characterization and testing – under Subsea case study
3. Wireless –802.15, 802.11 - Bob Heile - Zigbee Alliance
• Next steps - Paul Nikolich
Agenda – NaB IoT session
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Paul Nikolich Chair 802
•Paul's perspective/expectations of this effort
•"the NaB of IoT" discussions we are having today represent an opportunity for the entire 802 community to gather and organize efforts for an application that spans multiple 802 WGs/TAGs, not just today, but on an ongoing basis.
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IoT raises new networking problems…
… but many “new” problems are really “old” problems re-stated
Oftentimes the nuts and bolts needed to solve the problem are already available.
Applications are consumer, business, industrial and commercial.
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The Nuts and Bolts of Networking Things Things come in all shapes & sizes
Powered by battery Powered by
Ethernet
Powered by Mains
Different connection requirements Ad Hoc
wireless
Low power wireless
Pt-pt wireless
Low power High speed
Shared medium
Networked together
Bridged LAN
Differentiated trafficTime-sensitive
Audio/Video service
Robust delivery
Connected to the world
Link security
Copper Fibre
Noise environment
Sensors Controllers Resources
Wireless networks
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Common management structureAll elements are managed through a common infrastructure – in-band and out-of-band
Semi-autonomous devices Powered devices
Wireless network
Managed services in network
Human or automated management
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Subsea instrumentation standardization
•Chris DiMinico – MC Communications
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•SIIS is a Joint Industry Project with its goal to achieve improvements in subsea reliability. The aim is to standardise the interface between subsea sensors and the subsea control system.
•The historic problems with subsea sensor interfaces
multiple standards
Incompatibility (project cost)
extended project lead times
repeated onetime engineering cost
reliability issues
Subsea Instrumentation Interface Standardization (SIIS)
http://www.siis-jip.com/
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Standard interfaces – Open Standard•Standard interface between the subsea controlmodule and subsea sensors
•From ten industry protocols considered, SIIS chose three based on cost comparisons and levels of support across industry.
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•Remote operated vehicle (ROV)•Wet mate connectors
Ethernet jumper link (copper)
•Ethernet performance for bandwidths of 100Mb (or better).
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100BASE-T
MDI
cross-connectwalloutlet
Twisted-pairs
MDI
100BASE-T Twisted Pair Link Segment
100BASE-T
transition or consolidation point
100BASE-T Link transmission and coupling parameters (Category 5) 25.4.7.1 Cabling system characteristicsInsertion loss, Differential characteristic impedance, Return lossNear End crosstalk (NEXT)
Structured cabling ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A:1995 (Category 5) and ISO/IEC 11801:1995 (Class D)
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Near-End Far-End
T
T
R
R
TR
R T
Noise - near-end crosstalk Noise - far- end crosstalk
Disturbing Signal
Disturbed Signal
100BASE-T Signal Impairments
Full duplex
external noise
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The MDI Connector (jack) when mated with a specified balanced cabling connector (plug) shall meet the electrical requirements.Specified in FDDI TP-PMD; electrical requirements…
•Insertion Loss – EIA/TIA TSB 40:1992 Section 4.1 •Near-end crosstalk – EIA/TIA TSB 40:1992 Section 4.2
Jack Plug
MDI Connector
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Subsea Link segment
MDI MDI
Mag PCBTx/RX
FunctionPCB MagTx/Rx
Function
Subsea PHY-Channel
Subsea PHY- Channel
PHY-Channel•MDI/Magnetics•Host PCB•Link segment – 100BASETX - 25.4.7.1 Cabling system characteristics - based upon copper media specified by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC25/WG3 and TIA TR42.7
–2 pair, balanced twisted-pair copper cabling (Category 5e)–Up to 1 connector –Up to at least TBD meters
Subsea control module
Inline connector
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MDI
PCB MagTx/Rx
Function
Test Points and Test Fixture
Subsea Link segment
MDI MDI
Inline connector
Test fixtures
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Subsea Link Segment and Component Testing
Subsea Link segment
MDI MDI
Inline connector
Test fixtures or hand held tester adapters
Bare wire adapters Cable or connector testing
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• All measurement parameters - 4 differential pairs in < 11 seconds • One button autotest to programmed limits – pass/fail – diagnostics - database
– Wire map, including shield connection if present– Insertion loss– Length– Propagation delay– Delay skew– DC resistance – NEXT loss, pair-to-pair, measured from local end and far-end– NEXT loss, power sum, local end and far-end– FEXT loss, pair-to-pair, measured from local end and far-end– FEXT loss, power sum, local end and far-end– ELFEXT, pair-to-pair, local-end and far-end– ELFEXT, power sum, local-end and far-end– Return loss, measured from local end and far-end
Link segment measurement parameters
Local Far-endDUT
WireXpertWireXpert
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•Plug and play interoperabilityLink segment, Tx, Rx,
Significant supplier base •Equipment •Components•Test and measurement Standardized accuracy requirements TIA-1152
•Interoperability Test LaboratoriesUNH-IOL
Ethernet and Ecosystem
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Industrial/Building Automation
•Robert Wagner - Panduit•Bob Lounsbury/Dayin Xu – Rockwell Automation
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•IoT is about putting things on the Internet….. door locks, appliances, smart meters, video surveillance, health care devices, thermostats…sensors…
•Structured cabling and pathway standards continue to evolve to address connectivity between network devices;
•Industrial
•Broadcast
•Building automation
•Health care
•Educational facilities
•“Intelligent Building” technologies
•Data centers
Connecting the things…
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IP Convergence in Broadcast
• Users have changed how they view media– Digital recording of shows (DVR)– Streaming video (Hulu)– Online services (NetFlix)– Surfing the internet for news– Using phones and tablets
• Providers are using HD to differentiate– 4K is new higher video resolution– Requires more bandwidth (coax to fiber)
Courtesy of Gepco, A General Cable Company
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Industrial Automation Networking
• 55% of sensors “internet things” in plants use an automation protocol1
• 78% of the top 50 automation companies offer EtherNet/IP devices2
• 51% of packaging machines and equipment builders prefer EtherNet/IP3
• 75% reduction in the cabling costs by simplifying integration from device to IT level4
1 – HIS Industrial Ethernet & Fieldbus Technologies 2012 2 – ARC/Control Magazine 3 – Machinery Communications – Trends & challenges, 2011 p18-194 – Rockwell Automation, consumer Ref http://biy.ly/1heowvs
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Source: INDUSTRIAL CABLING Bob Lounsbury, Principal Engineer, Rockwell Automation, IEEE 802.3BP, EMC Task Group, 2-May, 2013
Growth Industrial Consortia
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• Open scalable networks are in demand– Broad availability of products, applications and vendor support– Network standards for interoperability of industrial devices
• Convergence of network technologies– Reduce the number of disparate networks– Seamless information sharing throughout the plant
• Lower Development costs (IT friendly)– Reduce training, support, and inventory for different networking
technologies– Use of common network design, deployment and troubleshooting tools
• Robust Network– Secure even over remote access– Defined QoS priority values
• Future-ready – maximizing investments / minimizing risks– Support new technologies and features without a network forklift
upgrade
EtherNet/IP Advantages for Industrial Automation
Reduce Risk Simplify Design Speed Deployment
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One Network from Data Center to Machine
Level 2Cell/Area
ZoneZone
Enclosure
Level 2Cell/Area
ZoneZone
Enclosure
Level 3 Site
OperationsData Center
Level 3 Site
OperationsData Center
Level 1Cell/Area
ZoneControl Panel
Level 1Cell/Area
ZoneControl Panel
Level 0Cell/Area
ZoneOn-Machine
Level 0Cell/Area
ZoneOn-Machine
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Remote Monitoring (Pipeline)
Sensing & Detection Devices
Data Acquisition / Industrial
Computers/ HMI
Communication (Hardened Wired & Wireless Devices)
IP Surveillance (Security Cameras / Intrusion Detection)
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• Consumer IoT– User experience, user interaction, new devices and services– Examples: IP Cameras, switches, lights, thermostats, wore
sensors, smart appliances
• Industrial IoT– Real-time, automatic control, reliability, safety and security, large
installed base of fieldbus devices– Examples: programmable logic or automation controllers
(PLCs/PACs), drives, human-machine interfaces (HMIs), distributed input/output (I/O) devices, sensors, actuators, and process instruments
Industrial IoT versus Consumer IoT
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• Standardized MAC and PHY technology• Wired and wireless IP-enabled devices at the edge of
the industrial network– Discrete sensors (e.g., proximity sensors)– Analog sensors (e.g., temperature sensors)– Actuators (e.g., motor control devices)– Meters (e.g., power monitors)
• Meeting harsh industrial environmental conditions– Wide temperature range (typical -45°C to +85°C; up to +105°C)– Severe electromagnetic interference– Long wire/cable lengths or wireless distances (>100m)– Shock and vibration– Dust and humidity– Sulphurous environment
What Industrial Automation Needs
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Convergence of Standards for IA
• ODVA – Common Industrial Protocol (CIP)
• ANSI/TIA -1005 and 862-A• ISO/IEC - 61158 and TR 29106• MICE – Mechanical Ingress Climatic Electromagnetic• IETF – Internet Engineering Task Force• IEEE 802.3 / 802.1
– IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol– POE– RTGPE – 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet over single pair– PoDL – Power over data Lines for power enabled end
points– Options for trunked (multiple pair) and single pair for
improved cable routing and management
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• IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet)– Industrial Ethernet uses this technology
• IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)– Complement of Industrial Ethernet, Gradually adopted
into movable, rotatable, unreachable industrial applications
• IEEE 802.15.4 (WPAN)– 6LoWPAN– Wireless Process Instrument network (ISA100.11a,
Wireless HART, WIA-PA) based on this technology
What IEEE 802 Impacts
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Automotive•Automotive - Thomas Hogenmüller - Robert Bosch GmbH
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• CAN dominated E-/E-Architectures for the last three decades with very flexible design paradigm
• CAN can’t fulfill all needs of future E-/E-Architectures:– New Advanced Driver Assistant Systems and Multimedia Systems demand for more
speed and QoS– Reduction of complexity and preparation in future leads to domain based,
centralized and backbone driven Architectures
Electronic/Electric Architecture Cycles in Automotive
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Scenario of current E/E Architecture
Powertrain Infotainment Body Electronics
CentralGateway
CANFlexRay CANMOST
Chassis & Safety
CANFlexRay
DLC
Diversity of bus systems - a direct migration to an „Ethernet Backbone“ is very unlikely
Legend typical Automotive Bus-Systems CAN ISO11898 till 1 Mbit/s shared MediumFlexRay ISO 17458 10 Mbit/s shared MediumMOST till 150 Mbit/s shared Medium
Legend typical Automotive Bus-Systems CAN ISO11898 till 1 Mbit/s shared MediumFlexRay ISO 17458 10 Mbit/s shared MediumMOST till 150 Mbit/s shared Medium
Ethernet
Bus-Systems
ECU Domain-ECUSwitch
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First steps - Automotive Ethernet in 2015
Chassis & Safety Powertrain Infotainment Body Electronics
CentralGateway
CANCAN-FDFlexRay
CANCAN-FDMOST
CANCAN-FDFlexRay
CAMCAM
CAMCAM
CAMCAM
CAMCAM
First Ethernet approach: Near Range Camera Systems for “Top View”
DLC
ECU Domain-ECUSwitch
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Scenario Automotive Ethernet - 2015…2017
Chassis & Safety Powertrain Body Electronics
CentralGateway
CAMCAM
CAMCAM
CAMCAM
CAMCAM
CANCAN-FDFlexRay
CANCAN-FD
Driver Assistant
CAMCAM
RADARRADAR
CANCAN-FDFlexRay
Infotainment
Higher bandwidth requirements for ADAS and Infotainment System
DLC
ECU Domain-ECUSwitch
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Safety Vehicle Motion Infotainment Body Electronics
CentralGateway
CANCAN-FDFlexRay
CANCAN-FD
CAMCAM
RADARRADAR
RADARRADAR
CAMCAM
CAMCAM
Driver Assistant
Hybrid Backbone - Ethernet, CAN / CAN-FD and FlexRay on one Central Gateway
DLC
Hybrid Backbone with Domain-ECU in ~2018ff
ECU Domain-ECUSwitch
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Domain-ECUs & Ethernet-Backbone
Safety Vehicle Motion Infotainment Body Electronics
CentralGateway
Driver Assistant
CAMCAM
RADARRADAR
RADARRADAR
CAMCAM
CAMCAM
Approach towards a “logical” Ethernet Backbone
DLC
ECU Domain-ECUSwitch
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Variants of Backbone Architecture
Daisy Chain with optional redundant path
Full Meshed redundant Backbone Switched Architecture CGW inspired
ECU Domain-ECUSwitch
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Use Case: Typical Gateway Requirements (2018-20)
Volume segment cars Premium segment cars
100BASE-TX
STPFE
CAN FDFlexRay
LIN
1-2 cores 1000BASE-T1 / RTPGE
Number of ports / busses• 4 - 10 x CAN FD • 0 - 2 x FlexRay• 8 - 16 x LIN• 1 x 100BASE-TX• 2 - 6 x STPFE• 0 - 2 x 1000BASE-T1 /
RTPGE
100BASE-Tx
STPFECAN FDFlexRay
LIN
2-4 cores
STPFE
1000BASE-T1 / RTPGE
Number of Ports / Busses• 6 - 10 x CAN FD • 0 - 2 x FlexRay• 8 - 16 x LIN• 1 x 100BASE-TX• 5 - 15 x STPFE• 0 - 4 x 1000BASE-T1 /
RTPGE
Remark: Automotive gateways work on all 7 OSI-Layers. There is no unified network layer for typical automotive bus-systems. Routers in IT work on Layer 3 (Internet Protocol).
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Use Case: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
• 4-6 Mono Cameras• 1-2 Stereo Cameras• 2-4 Mid-Range Radar• 2 Long Range Radar• 8-16 Ultrasonic Sensors, 4 Wheel Speed Sensors • Redundant Data Center
– Number Crunchers for Data Fusion– ABS, ESP, …– Some ECUs we can’t tell you details today
• Interaction with Powertrain, Body Domain, Navigation, Airbag, CAR2CAR, CAR2Infrastructure
Does this look familiar to data centers?
Automated Driving is leaving the Research Labs. Soon it will be in mass production.
Surround vision with redundant sensors
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Market Communication Systems View
Power Train
Body
Infotainment
Vehicle Motion& Safety
2010 2015 2020
Camera Systems
Diagnostics*
DCU Backbone**
CAN (FR)
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
CAN
(FR) FR
FR FR
FRCAN FD
CAN
CAN FD
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
LVDS LVDS
CAN
CAN
EthernetMOSTMOST
Veh
icle
Dom
ains
Spe
cific
App
s
CAN FD
CAN FDMOST
Analog LVDS
* via Gateway ** with introduction of domain control units
Likely to phase out
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PoDL (RTPGE) and 4-pair PoE
•Dave Dwelley/ Koussalya Balasubramanian
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Power Over Ethernet – The easy & Robust Power Distribution
“Reduced cable architecture” - One Cable for Power and Data
dataPower
SwitchPower Outlet
End User
Power + Switch
End User
End Equipment - 1 Battery Backup
A)
B)End Equipment - n Battery
Backup
.
.
Backup Power ConsolidationEnd Equipment - 1
.
.
End Equipment - n
Switch
Backup Power Supply
Active Power Management
C) Ease of Installation“broad adoption”
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4-Pair PoE - Higher Efficiency and Bandwidth• 4Pair for low power applications Higher efficiency than 2pair
• 10G support with PoE Enabling future APs and some new applications which need higher BW
I
I/2
I/2
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Enabling New Endpoints - 4-Pair PoE
POE Enabling New End PointsHealthCare – Nurse Call System
Physical Security Gateways
Trading Floor Phones
Video Conferencing
Lighting
Thin Clients
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P802.3bu PoDL: PoE for Single Pair Links•Single Pair Ethernet (1000Base-T1) in development
•Aimed at vehicle and other weight sensitive applications
•PoDL extends PoE technology to single-pair links•PoE requires at least two pairs
VPSE LOADPSE PD
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
Existing PoE
VPSE LOAD
PSE PHY PD PHY
Power over Data Lines (PoDL)
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PoDL: All the Benefits of PoE, plus…•Weight and cost savings•Works with automotive voltages (12V)•Complements upcoming single-pair data schemes
PoDLPoE
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PoDL Applications•Backup cameras•Cruise control sensors/Driver assistance sensors•RF antenna modules•Anything that can benefit from power and data over just two conductors…
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Wireless – 802.15, 802.11
•Bob Heile - Zigbee Alliance
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ZigBee Retail Service Applications
Being developed by multiple major players:
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ZigBee Retail Service Information
Real-time Information Associate Tracking
Customer TrackingTrolley Tracking
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Göteborg: ”The ZigBee City”
+ Rural area including 15 000 metering points+ Rural area including 15 000 metering points
500 000 Citizens260 000 meters < 63 A42 000 meters indoors
180 000 in metering-rooms
500 000 Citizens260 000 meters < 63 A42 000 meters indoors
180 000 in metering-rooms
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Building the ZigBee NAN
Concentrators
Meters
Repeaters
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Immediate Focus:
– Power Quality and Failure alarms• Smart Grid foundation
– Multimetering – Gas, District Heating, Water
– Advanced Meter Management implementation of processes
New Services (among others)
– Individual metering (heat, water)
– Security Alarm
– ZigBee locks
– Control of street lamps
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•Developers and end-users of NaB IoT applications need a location where 802 standards and expert guidance on how these standards can be applied to solve their problems.
•We need a group that represents all that IEEE 802 has to offer regarding NaB of IoT such as:Respond to enquiries Develop white papers and application notes Catalogue of NaB IoT standardsDirect deeper level questions/activities to the appropriate Working Groups.
•Now we need to identify the best way to continue the NaB of IoT discussion. Some options are--expand the scope of 802.24 to NaB IoT applications to act as a host regular cross-802 discussions on this topic.
•The group will meet on an ongoing basis to focus on the “nuts and bolts” of IoT i.e., understanding individual and developers IoT requirements.
•Chris DiMinico and Hugh Barrass volunteered to co-chair this effort under 802.24.•2 hour meeting during Plenary sessions (more if necessary)•Teleconference calls
Paul Nikolich Chair 802 – Next Steps