International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)

Vol. 9 Issue 1, January -2019

ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences

Email:- editorijrim@gmail.com, http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.

1

Nutritional and Medicinal Importance of Edible mushrooms

Aasif Majeed Sofi1

Research Scholar

Dr. Purnima Srivastava2

Director Research at Dept. Of Applied Science

1,2Dept.of Biotechnology,Faculty of Applied Sciences,Bhagwant University Ajmer,Rajasthan.

Abstract: Edible mushrooms are highly rich nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and protiens.these can

be used as food for example mushroom soups .these consists of importantsprotiens for humankind .these are

very essential for human health as they consists of amino acids,fattyacids,minerals and vitamins. Medicinally

mushrooms play an important role in human beings also some species mushrooms posses anticancer activities.

in this regard here nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms was observed

Keywords.Microscopicstudy,mushrooms analysis, jammu& Kashmir.

Introduction:

Nutrition is the most important subject for humankind. A balanced nutrition is particularly important

from the point of taking in essential elements such as minerals, vitamins and high quality proteins. Nutritional

levels in societies depend on various factors such as economic conditions, ecology, nutritional habits, traditions

and education. Successful development of countries is achieved by advancing economic subjects including levels

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)

Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019

ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences

Email:- editorijrim@gmail.com, http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.

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of agriculture, industry and education. Nutritional values of foods play an important role in human health. The

people have to provide a balance diet containing essential food compounds; amino acids, fatty acids, minerals

and vitamins. A sufficient and balanced diet should also include taking in enough carbohydrate and energy

supplies. Mushrooms can provide balancing diet compounds in sufficient quantities for human nutrition, and

contain medicinal compounds. They are in rich in crude fiber and protein. In fact, mushrooms also contain low

fat, low calories and good vitamins and many mushrooms possess multi-functional medicinal properties [1]. The

total number of edible and medicinal fungi is over 2300 species [2]. Cultivated mushrooms have become popular,

and over 200 genera of macro fungi are useful for the people in the world. Most of them are cultivated on

lignocelluloses waste materials and contribute to their re-cycling. The common mushroom species produced in

suitable ecological conditions are: Agaricus spp., Lentinulaedodes (shiitake), Pleurotus spp. (oyster),

Volvariellavolvacea (straw), Lion’s head or pompom (Hericium), ear (Auricularia), Ganoderma (Reishi),

Grifolafrondosa (maitake), Winter (Flammulina), white jelly (Tremella), Pholiota (nameko), and shaggy mane

(Coprinus). The most common ones produced are Agaricusbisporus (button) mushroom, Lentinulaedodes, and

Pleurotus species [2]. The nutritional and chemical composition, and physical properties of edible mushrooms

have been studied by different authors [3-7]. It is well know that mushrooms have a rich chemical composition

and functional properties for health

The aim of our article is to evaluvate the nutrinional, and medicinal values of edible mushrooms.(agaricusspp

and pluerotus spp.).

1.Nutritional values.

Latin Name :Agaricusbisporus

The most commonly cultivated is the white button mushroom, Agaricusbisporus. However, mushroom broadly

refers to a number of fungi which bear a fruiting body containing spores and which grows above the ground.

They may grow on the soil or on another food source. They usually have a stem, a cap, and gills on the underside

of the cap. However mushrooms may also grow without the stem and in such cases may be called differently.

China is the largest producer of edible mushrooms accounting for over 50% of the world's edible mushroom

production.

Nutrients in Mushrooms

Generally, all mushrooms are :

Low in sodium, fat and calories, just about 20 calories in a cup.

High in fiber and protein; 20-30% protein by dry weight.

Rich in the minerals potassium, selenium, copper, zinc and magnesium; oyster mushroom is rich in iron too.

Rich in the Bcomplex vitamins, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid.

The only vegetable or fruit for that matter that produces vitamin D when in sunlight and is a source of

natural Vitamin D.

Rich in L-ergothoneine, a powerful antioxidant.

Rich in cancer fighting nutrients like polysaccharides and linoleic acid.

Free of cholesterol.

Contain triterpines which inhibit histamine release and are anti inflammatory.

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)

Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019

ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences

Email:- editorijrim@gmail.com, http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.

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Nutrients in Mushrooms

Mushrooms, cooked, boiled,

drained, without salt

Serving size - 100 grams

Nutrients Amounts %DV

Calories 28.0 (117 kJ) 1%

Total Carbohydrate 5.3 gm 2%

Dietary Fiber 2.2 gm 9%

Total Omega-3 fatty acids 1.0mg

Total Omega-6 fatty acids 190mg

Sugars 1.9 gms

Vitamin A 0 IU 0%

Vitamin C 4 mg 7%

Vitamin D 21 IU 5%

Vitamin E (Alpha Tocopherol) 0 IU 0%

Vitamin K 0 mcg 0%

Thiamin 0.1 mg 5%

Riboflavin 0.3 mg 18%

Niacin 4.5 mg 22%

Vitamin B6 0.1 mg 5%

Folate 18 mcg 5%

Vitamin B12 0 mcg 0%

Pantothenic Acid 2.2 mg 22%

Choline 19.9 mg

Minerals Amount % DV

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)

Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019

ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences

Email:- editorijrim@gmail.com, http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.

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Calcium 6 mg 1%

Iron 1.7 mg 10%

Magnesium 12 mg 3%

Phosphorus 87 mg 9%

Potassium 356 mg 10%

Sodium 2 mg 0%

Zinc 0.9 mg 6%

Copper 0.5 mg 25%

Manganese 0.1 mg 6%

Selenium 11.9 mcg 17%

Fluoride ~ ~

2.Medicinal values

a.Anticancer activity of mushrooms.

But what mushrooms are best known for and researched is their apparent cancer-fighting powers. Mushrooms

contain a class of proteins called lectins, which are able to bind to abnormal cells and cancer cells and label the

cells for destruction by our immune system. According to a 2016 articlepublished in Molecules:

Numerous studies have shown that mushrooms help fight breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, uterine cervix

cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and acute leukemia. In addition, antitumor compounds have been

identified in various mushrooms species.

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among American women. So scientists have done a lot of

research about the activities mushrooms possess against breast cancer.

In one amazing study of 2,000 women conducted by researchers from the University of Western Australia in

Perth, women who consumed at least a third of an ounce of fresh mushrooms every day were 64% less

likely to develop breast cancer.

b. Antioxidant activity of mushrooms.

Antioxidant activity Antioxidants are chemical compounds that protect cells from the damage caused by unstable

molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals are powerful oxidants and those chemical entities that contain

unpaired electrons. They are capable of randomly damaging all components of the body, viz. lipids, proteins,

DNA, sugars and are involved in mutations and cancers (Przybytniak et al., 1999). The nascent oxygen is trapped

by enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Over production of free radicals

creates oxidative stress. The antioxidants are an important defense of the body against free radicals and

mushrooms which are rich sources of these antioxidants (Mau et al., 2004; Puttaraju et al., 2006; Ferreira et al.,

2007; Oyetayo et al., 2007). Waxy cap mushroom extracts (Hygrocybecoccinea) are inhibitory to sarcoma

(Ohtsuka et al., 1997). Immunoceticals isolated from more than 30 mushroom species have shown anticancer

action in animals (Wasser and Weis, 1999). Schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune is effective against

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS)

Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019

ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences

Email:- editorijrim@gmail.com, http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.

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head and neck cancer (Kimura et al. 1994; Borchers et al., 1999). Antioxidant property of compounds is

correlated with their phenolic compounds (Velioglu et al., 1998). Kim and kim (1999) reported that mushroom

extracts possess DNA protecting properties. G. lucidum extracts can trap number of free radicals(Jones and

Janardhanan, 2000). Mau et al. (2001) found antioxidant properties of several ear mushrooms. Many species of

mushrooms have been found to be highly potent immune enhancers, potentiating animal and human immunity

against cancer (Wasser and Weis, 1999; Borchers et al., 1999; Kidd, 2000; Feng et al., 2001). Tyrosinase from A.

bisporus is antioxidant (Shi et al., 2002). Lakshmi et al. (2005) determined antioxidant activity of P. sajorcaju.

Russell and Paterson (2006) observed that triterpenoides are the main chemical compounds in G. lucidium.

Camptothecin is responsible for antioxidant properties in G. lucidum (Zhou et al.,2007.)

Conclusion:

Conclusion We may conclude about the diverse benefits of mushrooms towards humans by the words of the

father of medicine that is, Hippocrates “Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food”. This saying aptly

suits mushrooms, as they have tremendous medicinal food, drug and mineral values, hence they are valuable

asset for the welfare of humans.

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Vol. 9 Issue 1, Januray-2019

ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 7.196

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences

Email:- editorijrim@gmail.com, http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.

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