Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy

7/24/2019 Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy

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NUTRITION THROUGH THE

LIFE SPAN

Pregnancy and Lactation


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Pregnancy

Before pregnancy Full nutrient tore are eential

Ha!it to eta!li" Ac"ie#e and $aintain a "ealt"y !ody %eig"t

&"ooe an ade'uate and !alanced diet

By p"yically acti#e

Recei#e regular $edical care A#oid "ar$ful in(uence


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Pregnancy

Pregnancy %eig"t Under%eig"t

Hig" ri) of lo%*!irt"%eig"t infant

+ore ri) for dieae ,- ti$e $ore li)ely to die in .rt $ont"

Long*ter$ e/ect

Ri) for o!eity 0 "ypertenion later in life

Lo%er adult I1

S"ort tature

Educational diac#antage


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Pregnancy

&aue of Lo%*Birt"%eig"t +ot"er2

Poor nutrition

Heredity

3ieae condition

S$o)ing

3rug 0 alco"ol ue


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Pregnancy

O#er%eig"t 3i4cult la!or and deli#ery5 !irt" trau$a5 and cearean ection

Increaed ri) of neural tu!e defect and ot"er defect

+o$ +ore li)ely to need la!or induced

+ore pot*partu$ "ypertenion5 infection5 0getational dia!ete

Ba!ie

Are larger

Greater ri) of "eart defect


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Pregnancy

Healt"y placenta Pregnancy nutrition i crucial

Supplie nutrient and re$o#e %ate

fro$ t"e fetu

Produce "or$one Help $aintain pregnancy and prepare for

lactation


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Pregnancy

Firt %ee) of pregnancy Fertili6ed o#u$ 76ygote8 9 !latocyt

S$o)ing5 drug a!ue5 and $alnutrition +ay lead to i$plantation failure or to

a!nor$alitie

:ee) t%o t"roug" eig"t

E$!ryo :ee) eig"t t"roug" !irt"

Fetu


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Pregnancy

&ritical Period

3e#elop$ent of eac" organ ta)eplace at a certain ti$e

E/ect of $alnutrition at a criticalperiod are irre#eri!le


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Pregnancy

E/ect of +alnutrition

Ner#ou yte$ defect of t"ee$!ryo

&"ild2 poor dental "ealt"

Adolecent2 and adult2 #ulnera!ilityto infection

Hig"er ri) of dia!ete5 "ypertenion5

tro)e5 or "eart dieae


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Pregnancy

Succeful pregnancy ;< to ,= %ee)

Infant %eig"ing !et%een >?= and @?

pound

Energy re'uire$ent Second tri$eter C eDtra ;,- )calorieday

T"ird tri$eterC eDtra ,- )calorieday


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Pregnancy


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Pregnancy

Ot"er dietary conideration A$ple car!o"ydrateC @ gra$day

Fi!erC alle#iate contipation

ProteinC


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Pregnancy

ita$in 35 calciu$5 p"op"oru5$agneiu$5 and (ouride Needed for de#eloping fetal !one and

teet"

&alciu$ inta)e le#el &oner#e $ot"er2 !one $a %"ile

upplying fetal need


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Pregnancy

Iron reco$$endation Prior and during pregnancy

&"ooe food t"at upply "e$e iron

Select additional iron*ric" ource &onu$e food t"at en"ance iron a!orption

Fetu2 iron need regulated !y t"eplacenta Gi#en priority o#er t"oe of $ot"er

3aily $ulti#ita$in*$ineralupple$ent


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Pregnancy

:eig"t gain during pregnancy Reco$$ended range for opti$al

outco$e


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Pregnancy

:eig"t lo after pregnancy cu$ulati#e %eig"t gain !et a#oided !yC

Healt"y %eig"t prior to .rt pregnancy

+aintaining "ealt"y %eig"t !et%eenpregnancie

P"yical acti#ity

&ontinue eDercie t"roug"out pregnancy &"ooe Jlo% i$pactK acti#itie


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Pregnancy

&o$$on nutrition*related concern Food cra#ing and food a#erion

Pica

+orning ic)ne

Heart!urn

contipation


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Pregnancy

Pro!le$ in pregnancy Aided !y "ealt"care and nutritional

$eaure PreeDiting dia!ete Getational dia!ete

&"ronic or getational "ypertenion

preecle$pia


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Pregnancy

Practice to a#oid &igarette $o)ing

3rug a!ue

En#iron$ental conta$inant

&a/eine

alco"ol

:"at are o$e ot"er "ar$fulpractice to a#oid


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Pregnancy

E/ect of Alco"ol

Fetal alco"ol yndro$e 7FAS8 Irre#eri!le !rain da$age

+ental retardation

Facial a!nor$alitie

iion a!nor$alitie

No a$ount i afe


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Pregnancy

Adolecent pregnancy +ore li)ely to $o)e during pregnancy

+ot"er younger t"an > year of age Bear $ore infant %"o die %it"in t"e .rt

year t"an do %o$en in any ot"er age group


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Lactation

Breatfeeding

Reco$$endation EDclui#e !reatfeeding for > $ont"

T"en !reatfeeding %it" co$ple$entaryfood t"roug" < $ont"


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Nutrition 3uring Lactation

Energy EDtra ;;- )calday and @- )cal for$ fat

tore

Gradual %eig"t lo

Ho% i $il) production a/ected !ynutritional depri#ation

:aterC a!out ; cupday


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Lactation

&ontraindication to !reatfeeding Alco"ol

To!acco and ca/eine

+edication and illicit drug

+aternal illne


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BIBLIOGRAPHM

3eBruyne5 L? ?5 Pinna5 ?5 :"itney5E?5 Nutrition and 3iet T"erapyCPrinciple and Practice?

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy

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