Nutrition of Colts and Aged Horses - For Your …...Geriatric Horse Care • Provide annual dental...
Transcript of Nutrition of Colts and Aged Horses - For Your …...Geriatric Horse Care • Provide annual dental...
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Nutrition of Colts and Aged HorsesKeith VanderveldeMarquette County Livestock Specialist
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Waushara
Green Lake
MarquetteAdams
Juneau
Wood
Portage
CentralAgricultural
Specialization
Wisconsin
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Nutrient requirements vary for Nutrient requirements vary for your horse?your horse?
•Stage of Production•Maintenance•Work•Lactation•Pregnancy•Early growth•Age
•Mature Size•Activity Level
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Equine Digestive System
stomach small intestine cecum
large colon
descending colon
rectumhindgutforegut
esophagus
•Mouth to anus = 100ft
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Equine Digestive System
stomach small intestine cecum
large colon
descending colon
rectumhindgutforegut
esophagus
•Mouth, esophagus, stomach = 3-4 feet
•Stomach Capacity = 8-15 quarts
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Equine Digestive System
stomach small intestine cecum
large colon
descending colon
rectumhindgutforegut
esophagus
•Small intestine = 70 feet long
•Small intestine capacity = 48 quarts
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Equine Digestive System
stomach small intestine cecum
large colon
descending colon
rectumhindgutforegut
esophagus
•Large intestine = 20 feet long
•Large intestine capacity = 130 quarts
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Equine Digestive System
stomach small intestine cecum
large colon
descending colon
rectumhindgutforegut
esophagus
•Mouth breaks down food
•Wets feed with saliva--3 gallons per day
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Equine Digestive System
stomach small intestine cecum
large colon
descending colon
rectumhindgutforegut
esophagus
•Stomach has 10% of the digestive system capacity
•Therefore horses are constant grazers
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Equine Digestive System
stomach small intestine cecum
large colon
descending colon
rectumhindgutforegut
esophagus
•In the small intestine we: break down carbohydrates to glucose, proteins to amino acids, fats to free fatty acids, and add bicarbonate.
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DIGESTIONDIGESTION
•Total process = 65 hours•15 minutes in the stomach•1 hour in small intestine•63 hours in large intestine
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NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
•Maintenance•Work•Aged Horses•Early growth
Based on 1100 lb.mature horse
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Nutrient RequirementsNutrient RequirementsSet by National Research Council
•Established to Support maintenance and allow growth
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CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
Suckling-birth to six months when the foals are on the mare
Weanling-period from weaning to 11months of age when foal receives no milk form mare
Short Yearling-12-17 months of age
Two-year-old- 24-36 months of age
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CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
% BODY WEIGHT CONSUMPTIONForage Concentrate Total
Mature HorseMaintenance 1.5-2.0 0-0.5 1/5-2.0
Young HorsesNursing foal, 3 months 0 1.0-2.0 2.5-3.5
Weaning foal, 6 months 0.5-1.0 1.5-3.0 2.0-3.5
Yearling foal, 12 months 1.0-1.5 1.0-2.0 2.0-3.0
Long Yearling, 18 months 1.0-1.5 1.0-1.5 2.0-2.5
Two Year old, 24 months 1.0-1.5 1.0-1.5 2.0-2.5
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Growing Horse RequirementsGrowing Horse Requirements
Mcal/day•Yearling-19•2 yr. old-22
Protein/day•Yearling-14 % •2 yr. old 10 %
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COMMON FEEDSTUFFCOMMON FEEDSTUFF
Alfalfa
% DM Mcal/# % Protein
90 .94 18
Brome 89 .80 11
Orchard 88 .85 11
Straw 91 .70 4
Oats 89 1.3 12
Corn 88 1.5 9
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MEETINGMEETING THE NUTRIENT THE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSREQUIREMENTS
•Maintenance•Work•Lactation•Pregnancy•Early growth
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Maintenance RequirementsMaintenance Requirements
Alfalfa hay = 18 lbs.Or
Orchard grass = 20 lbs.
Mcal/day•16.4
Protein/day•1.4 pounds
Suggested Ration:
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Growing Horse RequirementsGrowing Horse Requirements
Mcal/day•Yearling-19•2 yr. old-22
Protein/day•Yearling-14 % •2 yr. old 10 %
Suggested Ration: Alfalfa= 21 lbs
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Balancing a Rationworksheet meeting requirementsNeeds: MC ProteinWorking Horse 28 2.8
Brome Hay .80 .11(feed 15 lbs) 12 Mc 1.2 lbs
NEEDED 16 Mc 1.6 lbs
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Balancing A RationGrain Mix(50% corn x 50% Oat)Needs 16Mc 1.6 lbs
Ration 1.4/lb 10.5%Amount= 16/1.4=11.4 lbs 11.4x10.5=1.2Balancing 0 Short .4
Need .4 lbs proteinSource 1 lb of Soybean mealIncrease amounts fed by 10% of DM
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MINERALS•Calcium--major source from roughage•Phosphorus--major source from grains
•We want the calcium to phosphorus ratio at 1.5
•May consider for the area supplementing with Selenium
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VITAMINS
•Vitamin A--from green grass and green hay•Vitamin D--from forage•Vitamin E--from forage•Vitamin K--from forage
•SALT should be fed free choice
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Aged Horses
• Common Problems– Dentition (teeth) Reproductive– Vision Respiratory– Gastrointestinal Conditions Tumor– Immune Weakness Kidney– Lameness Liver– Parasitism
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Geriatric Horse Care
• Changes– Arthritis– Anemia– Decreased digestibility of protein, fiber
and phosphorus– Decreased intestinal motility– Decreased hepatic, renal and large
intestine function
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Geriatric Horse
• Physiological Changes– Tumors: common with increasing age
• Adrenal• Melanoma (dark pigmented tumors)• Mesenteric• Pituitary• Squamous
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Geriatric Horse
• Nutrition and Feeding Recommendations:– Protein: 10-14 %– Energy: Increase soluble carbohydrates, fats
and oils in diet– Fiber: Total fiber should be less than 30%– Minerals: Supplement macro and
microminerals– Vitamins: Supplement the dietary fat-soluble
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Aged Horses• Usually Need to Make Special Allowances• Older horses consume less feed
–Less efficient Digestive system–Teeth do not breakdown feed as well
• Not as aggressive in feeding with others• Appetite is less that younger horses
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Aged Horse Options• Increase Concentrate in Ration
– More corn, oats, sweet feed– Feed less but better quality hay
• Replace hay with Shredded Beet Pulp– Highly digestible fiber and is better absorbed than hay– Best if you feed it soaked, or fed as pellets – Soak in water or as “Sweet Feed” in molasses– Good for horses Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease or “Heaves”, no dust or spores like hay
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Geriatric Horse Care
• Provide annual dental care• Monitor Body Condition every 6-8 weeks• Avoid too fat or too thin conditions• Provide appropriate exercise• Provide adequate shelter• Maintain health and worming program• Provide regular foot care
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Thank you for attending…
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT:
Keith Vander VeldeUW-Extension, Marquette Co.PO Box 338, Underwood Ave.Montello, Wi 53949608-296-9153