Nutrition. Introduction What is the first thing that comes to mind when you hear the word...
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Nutrition
Introduction• What is the first thing that
comes to mind when you hear the word “nutrition”?
• Does this differ when you hear the word “food”?
• What about the word “diet”?
Food• Why do you eat what you
eat?
• Environment• Health• Senses• Culture / Religion• Genetics
Terminology• Nutrients: “Any substance in
food that the body can use to obtain energy, synthesize tissues, or regulate functions.” (Insel & Roth, 2010, Pg 11)
– Essential Nutrients: • Must be obtained by eating food
Nutrients• Six classes of nutrients:
– Carbohydrates– Lipids (fats)– Proteins– Vitamins– Minerals– Water
Key Terminology• Estimated Average
Requirement (EAR)
• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
– Adequate Intake (AI)
• Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
• Daily Value (DV)
• Nutrient Dense
• Energy Dense– Calorie dense
Nutrition and Health
(Kline, 2008)
Cells
(Kline, 2008)
Energy• What is one of the main reasons
you eat food?– Energy!– Only three classes of nutrients
supply energy
– How is energy from food measured?• Kilocalorie vs calorie
Introducing the Nutrients
• Energy in foods– Measured in kilocalories (kcal)
Discovering Nutrition, 2010
Recommended Calorie Intake
• In General:
• However, everyone is different– Gender, age, body size & activity level all
play a role.
Men
2,500 – 2,800
Women
1,800 – 2,000
Children
1970 for boys1740 for girls
How much energy do you need?
• Resting Metabolic Rate– Basal Metabolic Rate
– Your body weight in pounds x 10 = BMR– You’ll need to factor your activity level
• BMR x 0.30 for moderate activity• BMR x 0.40 – 0.60 for very physically active
– Add BMR + activity for daily calorie needs
USDA Food Guides
History of USDA’s Food Guidance
1940s
1950s-1960s
1970s
1992
2005
Food for Young
Children
1916
http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/diabetes/mypyramid.gif
http://www.choosemyplate.gov/
Nutrient Density
(Kline, 2008)
(Kline, 2008)
(Kline, 2008)