Nutrition for Growth and Development

8/17/2019 Nutrition for Growth and Development

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Nutrition for

Growth &Developmentadapted by

dr. Dwita Aryadina R.


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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

What is growth? What is

development?


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• Growth is defined as the increase inthe size of an individua due to

increase in nu!"er and size of theces#

• Pertu!"uhan adaah "erta!"ah

$u!ah dan "esarn%a se diseuruh"a&ian tu"uh %an& secara 'uantitatifda(at diu'ur) Mis * ++) P+#

GROWTH


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• Deveo(!ent is the !aturation offunction and ac,uisition of variet% of

s'is for functionin& o(ti!a% in asociet%#

• Per'e!"an&an adaah "erta!"ah

se!(urnan%a fun&si aat tu"uh %an&da(at dica(ai !eaui tu!"uh'e!atan&an dan "ea$ar# - Whae%dan Won&) .///0#

DEVELOPMENT


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• Growth dan Deveo(!ent $aan "ersa!a1sa!a ) tida' da(at di(isah'an %an& satuden&an %an& ain#

• G 2 D adaah ciri 'has dari ana' di!uaidari 'onse(si dan "er&s terus se(an$an&!asa ana' dan 'eca(atann%a tida' seau

sa!a (ada tia( !asa#• G dian&&a( se"a&ai (ena!"ahan u'uran

-Ph%sica Maturation 0

• D dian&&a( se"a&ai (ena!"ahan

fun&si3'e!atan&an -4unctiona


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• Growth is an order% (rocess)occurrin& in s%ste!atic fashion#

• Rates and (atterns of &rowth ares(ecific to certain (arts of the "od%#

• Wide individua differences e5ist in

&rowth rates#• Growth and deveo(!ent are

infuenced "% !uti(e factors#


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6ta&es of Growth andDeveo(!ent

School age

6 to 12 years

Adolescent

13 years to

approximately 18

years

Infancy

Neonate

Birth to 1 monthInfancy

1 month to 1 year

Childhood

Toddler 13 years

!reschool

36 years


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4actors infuencin& &rowthand deveo(!ent

• 7NTERNAL 4A8TOR

9# Genetics27ntrauterine &rowth• Gen "ertan&&un& $awa" daa!

(ewarisan sifat 'eturunan#• Gen $u&a "er(eran se"a&ai

(e!"awa 'ode untu'(e!"entu'an (rotein) enzi! danhor!on %an& !e!(en&aruhi)!en&atur dan !en&endai'an

(ertu!"uhan#


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• 7nfor!asi &eneti' %an& te(at (eruditeri!a oeh setia( se (ada saat(e!"eahan se) a&ar setia( or&an

da(at tu!"uh den&an te(at#• 7ntrauterine &rowth retardation and

!aterna infection adverse% affect

the fetus and there"% new"orn


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.# Hor!ones

Growth Hor!one in the (ituitar%

&and affects &rowth#::GH* Gi&antis!e

;;GH*


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– E5tre!e e!otiona de(rivationinterferes•

With reease of GH – 8an ead to psychosocial dwarfism

• Ver% short stature• decreased GH secretion•

7!!ature "one &rowth• 6erious ad$ust!ent (ro"e!s

– 7s reversi"e


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># 6ee(

• GH is reeased durin& see(

• We1rested chid "etter a"e to (a%)earn – Dee( see( ? (h%sica &rowth 2 re(air

•

.1= %r ods need 9. @ 9= hrs see(• >1 %r ods need 9/ 1 99 hrs see(

• Bsua% sto( na((in& "etween a&e = 2 >

%r


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• ECTERNAL 4A8TOR

9# Nutrition

.# 6ocio1Econo!%

=# Environ!ent* (h%sicasurroundin&) (s%choo&ica)

socia) cutura factor


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Is

Nutrition

Important

?


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Nutrition (Gizi)

• Kecukupan gizi sangat berpengaruhpada G&D

• Makanan yang cukup dan giziseimbang harus selalu diberikan

• Gangguan gizi pada anak seringmempengaruhi pertumbuhan tubuhdan perkembangan otak anak

• Selain itu gangguan gizi !uga

mempengaruhi sistem kekebalan danmeningkatkan risiko infeksi


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Nutrition (Gizi)

• Nutrien atau zat !a'anan di(eru'an se"a&ai

su!"er ener&i dan su!"er !ateri untu'

sintesis "er"a&ai 'o!(onen se %an&

di(eru'an sea!a (ertu!"uhan#• Nutrien di"eda'an !en$adi dua %aitu

9# !a'ronutrien -unsur %an& di"utuh'andaa! $u!ah "an%a'0

.# !i'ronutrien -unsur %an& di"utuh'an daa! $u!ah sedi'it0#


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Nutrition (Gizi)

• Gizi seimbang untuk anakberbeda"beda tergantung dari #

$enis kelamin

%siaerat badan

'ktivitas fisik dan

(ertumbuhan anak

Kondisi kesehatan


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7nfant Nutrition

• 7nfant &rows faster durin& the first%ear of ife than an% ti!e ese

• 7nfant wei&ht dou"es "% > !onthsand tri(es "% 9 %ear


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Nutrition durin& 8hidhood

• Each %ear fro! a&e 9 to adoescence-re!a$a0) a chid wi &row around to c! taer and .1='& heavier

• 8hidrenFs a((etites "e&in to di!inisharound 9 %ear – Durin& &rowth (eriods) the% wi eat

ever%thin& – Durin& sower (eriods) the% see! to eat

nothin& -see how to introduce food0


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Nutrition durin& 8hidhood

• 9 %ear od chid needs 9///caories3hari

• = %ear od chid needs 9=//caories3hari

• 9/ %ear od @ needs .///caories3hari

• Vita!ins and Mineras areaccu!uated and stored foradoescent &rowth s(urt


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Nutrition durin&Adoescence

• 4e!ae adoescence "e&ins around9/ or 99 %ears od

• Mae adoescence "e&ins around 9.or 9= %ears od

• Bsua%) !aes &row ./c! taer

• 4e!aes &row a"out 9c! taer

• When (u"ert% "e&ins) &rowth chartscannot "e used


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Umur 0 – 6 Bulan

• A67 E


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UU! " BU#$N – % &$'UN

• MBLA7 D7+ER7


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Umur % tahun• MA


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Nutrients

•


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$!B*'I+!$&• Diperlukan oleh anak yang sedang tumbuh dan

berkembang serta untuk anak sebagai sumber energi

• erasal dari # makanan pokok )beras roti gandum serealterigu umbi"umbian !agung*


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,i-a e-urangan ar.ohidrat


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/!*&IN

• +a%i !e!"utuh'an (rotein daa! $u!ah reatiftin&&i#

• Pentin& untu'*Pertu!"uhan ota'

Pertu!"uhan dan (en&&antian seuruh se dan $arin&an tu"uhMe!"entu' 'e'e"aan tu"uh)

• +erasa dari PROTE7N NA+AT7 dan PROTE7N HEWAN7• 8ontohn%a*

Protein na"ati * Te!(e) tahu) 'acan&1'acan&anProtein hewani* i'an) teur) a%a!) da&in&) susu)'e$u)


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1UB! /!*&IN N$B$&I


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1UB! /!*&IN 'W$NI


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Edema pada kwasiokor


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#$

Me!"uat !a'anan terasa ena') &urih dan (uas

1 Aat (earut vita!in tertentu -A)D)E dan


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$I!

Air san&at (entin& "a&i 'ehidu(an 'arena

air !eru(a'an "ahan (earut di daa!

tu"uh#

Air !e!(en&aruhi 'adar enzi! dan

su"strat sehin&&a secara tida' an&sun&

air !e!(en&aruhi a$u rea'si

!eta"ois!e#


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2I&$IN

• at Or&ani'

• Di(eru'an sedi'it

•

Ta' da(at di"uat se tu"uh• Harus ada daa! !a'anan

• PENT7NG untu' (roses1(roses

daa! tu"uh -!eta"ois!e0


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IN!$#

• 4un&si !inera *

Minera !e!(un%ai dua fun&siuta!a %aitu *


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$$N$N 1UB! 2I&$IN+$N IN!$#


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Good nutrition for GoodGrowth 2 Deveo(!ent

Assi&n!ent


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Assi&n!ent

Reco!!ended Dai% Aowance

• A* Protein• +* Le!a'

• 8*

Nutrition for Growth and Development

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