Ecosystem All the organisms and abiotic factors in a community.
Nutrition & Energy Flow Chapter 2, Section 2. Think, Pair, Share 1. Describe at least 4...
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Transcript of Nutrition & Energy Flow Chapter 2, Section 2. Think, Pair, Share 1. Describe at least 4...
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Nutrition & Energy Flow
Chapter 2, Section 2
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Think, Pair, Share 1. Describe at least 4 relationships between these organisms in an ecosystem?
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How Organisms Obtain Energy
• The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for life.
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Producers
• Photosynthetic Autotrophs– Use light energy to make glucose
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Consumers• Heterotrophs
– Herbivores = feed only on plants
– Carnivores = eat other heterotrophs
– Scavengers = eat dead animals
– Omnivores = eat both animal and plant materials
– Decomposers = break down and release nutrient from dead organisms
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Flow of Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
• Models to show how energy moves through an ecosystem– Food Chains– Food Webs– Ecological Pyramids
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Food Chain Ex: berries mice snake eagle
Arrows show transfer and direction of energy flow– A portion of energy is given off as heat at each
transfer– Amount of energy in final transfer is only a fraction
of what was at the first transfer
Think, Pair, Share
2. Does all the energy from every plant on the planet get used by herbivores? Explain
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• Trophic Levels = Each organism represents a feeding step in the movement of energy
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Food Web• Shows all possible feeding relationships at each trophic
level in a community
Think, Pair, Share
3. List all the secondary consumers in the web below and list how they fit that description.
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Ecological Pyramids
• Base always represents 1st trophic level
• Higher trophic levels are layered on top of one another
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• Pyramid of Energy = Energy decreases with each trophic level moving up– Total energy transfer from one trophic level to
the next is only about 10% (90% is lost)
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10% Rule – only 10% of the energy makes its way to the trophic level above it.
Think, Pair, Share
4. Explain where you think 90% of the energy goes.
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• Pyramid of Biomass = Less living material as you move up trophic levels
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Cycles in Nature
• Matter moves through the trophic levels of an ecosystem.
• Energy can be lost through heat; Matter is not gained or lost, it is recycled.
• Ex: Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Phosphorous Cycle
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Water Cycle
• Water present 3 billion years ago is still present today
• It’s been recycled between land, ocean and atmosphere– Evaporation (water gas)– Condensation (clouds)– Precipitation (rain)
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The Carbon CyclePutting Carbon in the Ground:• Plants use CO2 to create carbon compounds
(sugar) for growth and energy• Consumers eat plants and/or other animals to
get carbon compounds for growth and energy• Plants and animals die, carbon is returned to the
ground where fossil fuels can form
Putting Carbon in the Atmosphere:• CO2 gets released during cell respiration• CO2 released when burning fossil fuels
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The Nitrogen Cycle
• See figure 2.19 on page 56
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The Phosphorous Cycle
• See figure 2.20 on page 57
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Practice• Why is a pyramid a good shape to
represent how matter and energy transfer in an ecosystem? Why not use a circle or a square?
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• According to the Law of Conservation, matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Make a relationship between this statement and the recycling of carbon in an ecosystem. (Hint: All life on this planet is carbon based. What happens to a tree that dies & falls in a forest? Who benefits from the dead tree?)