NUTRITIONNUTRITION

CHAPTER 7CHAPTER 7

Nutrition: The Nutrients / Section 1

Nutrition: The Nutrients / Section 1

Good nutrition promotes growth and helps prevent diseases.

Your food can provide all the nutrients your body needs.

Nutrients - compounds in food that the body requires for proper growth maintenance, and functioning.

Good nutrition promotes growth and helps prevent diseases.

Your food can provide all the nutrients your body needs.

Nutrients - compounds in food that the body requires for proper growth maintenance, and functioning.

Section 1 ContinuedSection 1 Continued

Nutrient Deficiencies - too little of one or more nutrients in the diet

Malnutrition - the results in the body of poor nutrition.

Undernutrition - too little food energy or too few nutrients to prevent disease or to promote growth.

Overnutrition - too much food energy or excess nutrients to the degree of causing disease.

Nutrient Deficiencies - too little of one or more nutrients in the diet

Malnutrition - the results in the body of poor nutrition.

Undernutrition - too little food energy or too few nutrients to prevent disease or to promote growth.

Overnutrition - too much food energy or excess nutrients to the degree of causing disease.

Section 2: How to Choose Nutritious Foods

Section 2: How to Choose Nutritious Foods

The nutrients fall into six classes:Carbohydrate: made of sugars; includes sugar,

starch, and fiberFat: does not mix with water; referred to as

lipidsProtein: Builds body tissues; made of amino

acidsVitamins: essential nutrients that does not

yield energyMinerals: Elements of the earth needed in your

dietWater: H20

The nutrients fall into six classes:Carbohydrate: made of sugars; includes sugar,

starch, and fiberFat: does not mix with water; referred to as

lipidsProtein: Builds body tissues; made of amino

acidsVitamins: essential nutrients that does not

yield energyMinerals: Elements of the earth needed in your

dietWater: H20

Section 2 ContinuedSection 2 Continued

The Food Guide Pyramid suggests:6 servings from the bread, cereal, rice,

and pasta group3 servings from the vegetable group2 servings from the fruit group2 servings from the milk, yogurt, and

cheese groupTwo servings from the meat, poultry,

fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts group

The Food Guide Pyramid suggests:6 servings from the bread, cereal, rice,

and pasta group3 servings from the vegetable group2 servings from the fruit group2 servings from the milk, yogurt, and

cheese groupTwo servings from the meat, poultry,

fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts group

FAST FACTSFAST FACTS

The average American consumes 130 pounds of fat per year.

The average American consumes about 90 pounds of sugar every year.

Go over Food Pyramid GuideHow Well Do You Eat? Pg. 168

The average American consumes 130 pounds of fat per year.

The average American consumes about 90 pounds of sugar every year.

Go over Food Pyramid GuideHow Well Do You Eat? Pg. 168

Section 3 / Energy From Food

Section 3 / Energy From Food

Energy: the capacity to do work or produce heat

Glucose: the body’s blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate.

Fatty Acids: simple forms of fat that supply fuel for most of the body’s cells

Amino Acids: simple forms of protein normally used to build tissues or under some conditions, burned for energy

Toxin: a poison (alcohol)

Energy: the capacity to do work or produce heat

Glucose: the body’s blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate.

Fatty Acids: simple forms of fat that supply fuel for most of the body’s cells

Amino Acids: simple forms of protein normally used to build tissues or under some conditions, burned for energy

Toxin: a poison (alcohol)

Section 3 ContinuedSection 3 Continued

Hypothalathmus: a brain regulatory center that sends out a hunger signal when blood glucose levels get too low.

Calories: a unit used to measure energy.Weight x 24 / 2.2

Hypothalathmus: a brain regulatory center that sends out a hunger signal when blood glucose levels get too low.

Calories: a unit used to measure energy.Weight x 24 / 2.2

Section 4 / The CarbohydratesSection 4 / The Carbohydrates

Starch: main carbohydrate; chief energy source

Fiber: not a energy source; provides no calories; Lack of Fiber can lead to

constipation or hemorrhoids.

Starch: main carbohydrate; chief energy source

Fiber: not a energy source; provides no calories; Lack of Fiber can lead to

constipation or hemorrhoids.

Section 4 ContinuedSection 4 Continued

The 4 sugars most important in human nutrition are:Glucose (the body’s fuel)Fructose (the sweet sugar of

fruits and honey)Sucrose (table sugar)Lactose (milk sugar)

The 4 sugars most important in human nutrition are:Glucose (the body’s fuel)Fructose (the sweet sugar of

fruits and honey)Sucrose (table sugar)Lactose (milk sugar)

Section 5 - The FatsSection 5 - The Fats

Saturated Fats: associated with heart and artery disease; mainly fats from animal sources (meats, butter, cream)

Unsaturated Fats: fats from plant source (nuts, seeds, pb, oils, dressings)

Cholesterol: a type of fat made by the body from saturated fat

Carbohydrates should supply about 60% of calories, with protein filling in about 10%

Saturated Fats: associated with heart and artery disease; mainly fats from animal sources (meats, butter, cream)

Unsaturated Fats: fats from plant source (nuts, seeds, pb, oils, dressings)

Cholesterol: a type of fat made by the body from saturated fat

Carbohydrates should supply about 60% of calories, with protein filling in about 10%

Section 6 - ProteinSection 6 - Protein

Protein is part of every cell, every bone, the blood, and every other tissue.

Vegetarians: people who omit meat, fish, and poultry from their diets. Well informed vegetarians can easily get enough protein from plant foods alone.

Protein is part of every cell, every bone, the blood, and every other tissue.

Vegetarians: people who omit meat, fish, and poultry from their diets. Well informed vegetarians can easily get enough protein from plant foods alone.

Section 7 - VitaminsSection 7 - Vitamins

Supplement: a pill, powder, liquid, or the like containing only nutrients; not a food

Deficiency: too little of a nutrient in the body

Fat-soluble: able to dissolve fatWater-soluble: able to dissolve

water

Supplement: a pill, powder, liquid, or the like containing only nutrients; not a food

Deficiency: too little of a nutrient in the body

Fat-soluble: able to dissolve fatWater-soluble: able to dissolve

water

Section 7 ContinuedSection 7 Continued

Vitamin A: good for eyes (dark green veggies, deep yellow and orange fruits and veggies, and milk)Night Blindness: slow

recovery of vision after flashes of bright light at night; an early symptom of Vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin A: good for eyes (dark green veggies, deep yellow and orange fruits and veggies, and milk)Night Blindness: slow

recovery of vision after flashes of bright light at night; an early symptom of Vitamin A deficiency.

Section 7 ContinuedSection 7 Continued

Antioxidant: a chemical that can stop the destructive chain reactions of free radicals.

Free Radicals: chemicals that harm the body’s tissues

Antioxidant: a chemical that can stop the destructive chain reactions of free radicals.

Free Radicals: chemicals that harm the body’s tissues

Section 8 - MineralsSection 8 - Minerals

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body.Osteoporosis: a disease of

gradual bone loss, which can cripple people in later life.

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body.Osteoporosis: a disease of

gradual bone loss, which can cripple people in later life.

Section 8 ContinuedSection 8 Continued

Iron is present in every living cell and is the body’s oxygen carrier in the red blood cells.Anemia: reduced # or size of

the red blood cells.

Iron is present in every living cell and is the body’s oxygen carrier in the red blood cells.Anemia: reduced # or size of

the red blood cells.

Section 8 ContinuedSection 8 Continued

Electrolytes: minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body’s fluid balance

Sodium: aka salt; too much salt can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension)

Water is the most vital nutrient of all. 60% of body is water

Electrolytes: minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body’s fluid balance

Sodium: aka salt; too much salt can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension)

Water is the most vital nutrient of all. 60% of body is water