Nutrition & Brain
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Transcript of Nutrition & Brain
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Luciana B Sutanto, dr. MS. SpGK
Samuel Oetoro, dr. MS. SpGK
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Guthrie HA, Picciano MF. Human Nutrition.
Westermarck T, Antila E. Diet in relation tothe nervous system. In: Human Nutrition and
Dietetics (Garrow JS, James WPT, Ralph A,editors)
Fernstrom JD, Uauy R, Arroyo P. Nutritionand Brain.
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Brain Development Undernutrition
Nutrition & Brain Development
Nutrition & Brain Function
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Intrauterine
0-2 years
2-5 years 5 years -….
1 212 years
60%
80%
100%
Brain volume
5Intra uterine
Brain development
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PREGNANCY
POST-NATAL (0-36 months)
> 36 month
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Brain Development Undernutrition
Nutrition & Brain Development
Nutrition & Brain Function
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Causes: Inadequate dietary intake
Lack of sufficient and/or suitable quality of
food Frequent infection
Undernourished children generally had poorer
fine & gross motor function, also had morebehavior problem.
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Brain Development Undernutrition
Nutrition & Brain Development
Nutrition & Brain Function
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Fatty Acid Folate
Zinc
Iron Vitamin A
Iodine
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DHA (dihomogammalinoleic acid) and AA(arachidonic acid), derived from linoleic acid,is important in the structure and function ofcerebral membranes.
Human breast milk supplies AA in amountconsidered to meet accretion in membrane-
rich tissues.
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Folate deficiency causes Neural Tube Deffect(NTD)◦ spina bifida: neural tube fails to close at 4 weeks of
pregnancy◦
anencephaly: forebrain fails to develop
Food sources of folate:◦ Grain products◦ Green leafy vegetables◦ Organ meats◦ Potatoes◦ Fruits
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Zn deficiency causes Neural Tube Deffect(NTD)◦ unencephalocele: hernia protrusion of the brain
◦ iniencephaly: brain metter protruding through a
fissure of the vertebral column
Food sources of Zn:◦ dairy products, beans and lentils, yeast, nuts,
◦ seeds, wholegrain cereals, pumpkin seeds.
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Iron deficiency causes◦ impaired cognitive
◦ impaired psychomotor development & function
◦ impaired temperature regulation◦ pica
The brain sensitives to iron deficiency during thefirst 2 years of life
Food sources of iron: meat, fish and poultry,fruits, vegetables, dried beans, nuts and grainproducts
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Iron absorption increases in:◦ Acid environment (ferric ferrous iron)◦ A good source of vitamin C (oranges, grapefruits,
tomatoes, broccoli and strawberries)◦ A NON-HEME food cooked in an iron pot
Iron absorption decreases in:◦ A NON-HEME food◦ A HEME and NON-HEME food eaten together◦ Large amounts of tea or coffee consumed with a meal
(the polyphenols bind the iron).◦ Excess consumption of high fiber foods or bran
supplements (the phytates in such foods inhibitabsorption).
◦ High intake of calcium (supplement)
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Vitamin A excess causes major abnormalitiesin fetal development.
In UK: pregnant women are adviced to avoidfood rich in vitamin A.
Food sources of vitamin A: organ meats (liver,giblets), carrot juice, sweetpotato, pumpkin,
spinach, various ready-to-eat cereals, withadded vit A, pickled herring.
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Iodine deficiency causes:◦ brain damage
◦ mental impairment
Food sources of iodine: asparagus, garlic,lima beans, mushrooms, seafood, sea saltand fortified salt, seaweed, sesameseeds,soybeans, spinach, turnip greens
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Brain Development Undernutrition
Nutrition & Brain Development
Nutrition & Brain Function
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Energy Thiamin
Pyridoxine
Vitamin B12 Folic Acid
Niacin
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin A Vitamin E
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The brain uses 20-30% of the body’s restingmetabolic rate
The mature neurons of brain need high
continues supply of energy to maintain theirfunction
lucose is the main energy substrate for
synthetic and functional activities The energy form amino acid only contributes less
than 10%.
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Thiamine deficiency in babies causes:◦ meningitis, irritable, vomit, convulse, bulging
fontanelle, nystagmus
Thiamine deficiency in children & adults
causes:◦ Peripheral neuritis (loss of the sense of vibration,
with paresthesia & burning sensation in the feet)
Food sources of thiamin: grain products
(breads, cereals, pasta and rice), meat,poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables
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Pyridoxine is essential for synthesis ormetabolism of almost all neurotransmiter.
Pyridoxine deficiency causes: fatigue,nervousness, irritability, depression, insomnia& walking difficulties
Food sources of pyridoxine: germs of variousgrains and seeds, leafy vegetables, etc
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Vitamin E therapy may prove useful for somebrain disorders and may postpone in thedegenerative disease of aging
Food sources of vitamine E: asparagus,avocado, egg, milk, nuts (almonds orhazelnuts), seeds, spinach and other green
leafy vegetables, unheated vegetable oils,wheat germ, wholegrain foods.
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In elderly & in psychiatric patients, dietdeficient in B vitamins contribute to memoryloss, depression, dementia, and othercommon disorder
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Nutrition is crucial during fetal & post-natalin determining brain development
Brain development disorder of any stagecauses intellectual & behavioral impairment
Adequate intake of vitamins & minerals are
essential for normal brain function
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NEUROSCIENCE MODUL