Nutrition and Weight ControlNutrition and Weight ControlUnit 1 Mary Smith Manila High School

Objective 1.1Objective 1.1Define terms related to nutrition and weight control

Absorption Absorption

The passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into either the blood or tissue fluid surrounding the cells

Amino AcidAmino Acid

One of the building blocks of protein molecules

Appetite Appetite

A desire to eat

Calorie Calorie

A measurement of the amount of energy produced when food is burned by the body

In science it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of water 1.0 degrees Celsius

Deficiency DiseaseDeficiency Disease

A disease caused by the lack of a specific necessary element in the body

Examples include pellagra, rickets, anemia, goiter, kwashiorkor, nightblindness, and osteoporosis

Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus

Lack of or inability to use the hormone insulin, which results in the build up of glucose in the bloodstream

Digestion Digestion

The process by which the body breaks down food into useable nutrients

Fallacy Fallacy

A mistaken belief

Fat-Soluble VitaminsFat-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that are absorbed and transported by fats

Includes vitamins A, D, E, and K

Glucose Glucose

Type of simple sugarThe body’s primary energy source

and the only energy source for the brain and nervous system

The basic sugar molecule from which all other carbohydrates are built

Malnutrition Malnutrition

Poor nutrition over an extended period of time which can be caused by an inadequate diet

Metabolism Metabolism

The process by which living cells use nutrients in many chemical reactions that provide energy for vital processes and activities

Nutrient Nutrient

Chemical substances in food that help to maintain the body

Nutrition Nutrition

The study of nutrients and how they are used by the body

Obesity Obesity

Weighing 20% of more above desirable weight for height

In an adult, obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or more

Osteoporosis Osteoporosis

A condition caused by a calcium deficiency which resu8lts in porous, brittle bones and a loss of bone density

RDARDA

Recommended Daily AllowancesSuggested levels of nutrient intake to

meet the needs of most healthy people

Saliva Saliva

A mucus and enzyme-containing liquid secreted by the mouth that begins to break down starches and makes food easier to swallow

Taste BudsTaste Buds

Sensory organs located on various parts of the tongue

Trace ElementsTrace Elements

Elements or minerals needed in very small amounts

Vitamins Vitamins

Nutrients that don’t provide energy or build body tissue, but help regulate these and other body processes

Water-Soluble VitaminsWater-Soluble Vitamins

A vitamin, specifically vitamin C or one of the B complex vitamins, that dissolves in water

Are not stored in the body

Objective 1.2Objective 1.2Describe psychological, physiological, and environmental

reasons for eating

Why do we eat?Why do we eat?

Physical needsPhysical needs

NutrientsWellness

Psychological needsPsychological needs

SecurityBelongingEnjoyment

Social influencesSocial influences

CultureFamilyFriendsThe mediaAvailable resourcesTechnology

Personal influencesPersonal influences

LifestyleValues and prioritiesEmotions

Objective 1.3Objective 1.3Describe effects of nutrition on health and body mass

Nutrition throughout your lifeNutrition throughout your life

BMIBMI

Body mass indexCalculation of body weight and heightAdults with a BMI of 30 or above are

considered obeseAn estimate—not an appropriate

weight evaluation for everyone!

Objective 1.4Objective 1.4Identify food related health problems

Food-Related Health ProblemsFood-Related Health Problems

High Blood PressureSodium

Heart DiseaseExcessive fat esp saturated fats

Diabetes I and IISugars, glucose, insulin

Continued……..Continued……..

Lactose intolerance Milk and milk products

Food allergies Food sensitivities Obesity Underweight Malnutrition Vitamin and mineral deficiencies

Vitamin & Mineral DeficienciesVitamin & Mineral Deficiencies

Pellagra Rickets Anemia Goiter Kwashiorkor Night Blindness Osteoporosis

Niacin Vitamin D Iron Iodine Protein Vitamin A Calcium

Objective 1.5Objective 1.5Name unhealthy diet practices

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

Anorexia NervosaBulimia NervosaBinge Eating Disorder

Objective 1.6Objective 1.6Define basic nutrient groups and their sources and functions

NutrientsNutrients

Chemical substances found in food your body can use

6 basic nutrients6 basic nutrients

CarbohydratesProteinFatsVitaminsMineralsWater

Important fact #1Important fact #1

Your body can only use a certain amount of each nutrient

More is not better!

Important fact #2Important fact #2

Nutrients work together as teams in your body

One nutrient is not more important than another!

Important fact #3Important fact #3

Scientists are still discovering new info about nutrients

But what they do know is reliable!

And if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Functions Functions

Should make up 55% of more of your daily calories

Supply energy

Types…Types…

SugarsStarches

(fiber—part of food not digested)

Good Carbs…Good Carbs…

Whole grain breads and cerealsFresh fruits and veggies

Bad carbs…Bad carbs…

Refined sugarsWhite floury stuff (doughnuts, cakes,

white bread, etc)

Carbs and healthy eatingCarbs and healthy eating

Eat MORE good carbs (55% is more than half!)

Eat LESS bad carbsEat more fiber (very few Americans

get enough) (25 grams recommended)

Too many bad carbs…Too many bad carbs…

DiabetesHypoglycemiaObesityLactose intoleranceDental cariesSugar addiction

ProteinsProteins

Functions…Functions…

15% of your calories (that’s all!)Build and repair body tissues

Types…Types…

Complete From animal foods

IncompleteFrom plant foods

(made of amino acids)

Good proteins…Good proteins…

FishLegumes

Dried beans and peasPoultry

Not fried

Bad proteins…Bad proteins…

Red meatMore than 2-3 times per week

Fatty meatsFried meats

Proteins and healthy eatingProteins and healthy eating

Don’t red meat more than 2-3 times per week

Meat shouldn’t be the biggest serving on your plate!

Too many bad proteins…Too many bad proteins…

AtherosclerosisHeart diseaseKidney diseaseObesity

Miscellaneous…Miscellaneous…

More protein does not equal more muscle!

High protein diets can be dangerous!Vegetarians may get protein by

combining incomplete proteinsRice and beans, macaroni and tomatoes

FatsFats

Functions…Functions…

30% or less of your calories Insulate and protect the bodyCarry fat soluble vitamins

Types…Types…

SaturatedUnsaturatedTrans-fats

Cholesterol

Eat less…Eat less…

Saturated fatsHydrogenated fats (trans-fats)Added fats

Eat more…Eat more…

Unsaturated fats and oils (fats from plant sources and fish

Too much fat…Too much fat…

Heart diseaseObesityWon’t get enough fiber

Sugar and fat are not the same Sugar and fat are not the same thing!!!thing!!!

Vitamins Vitamins

Functions…Functions…

Regulate body processesDon’t have caloriesDon’t supply energy

Types…Types…

Water soluble (vitamin B complex and vitamin C)Not stored by the bodyNeeded daily

Fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E, and K)Stored in the body

Vitamin AVitamin A

Healthy vision and skin

Deficiency—night blindness

Vitamin B complexVitamin B complex

Healthy nervous system

Deficiencies—beriberi and pellagra

Vitamin CVitamin C

Fight infection

Deficiency--scurvy

Vitamin DVitamin D

Healthy bones and teeth

Deficiency—rickets

Vitamin EVitamin E

Antioxidant

Vitamin KVitamin K

Normal blood clottingNewborns get a shot of this!

Healthy eating and vitamins…Healthy eating and vitamins…

Supplements are usually not necessary IF you…

Eat a varied diet with plenty of fruits and veggies and whole grains

Remember—you can get too much of a vitamin!

MineralsMinerals

Functions Functions

Chemical elements that become part of the body or help regulate body processes

Types…Types…

MacromineralsNeeded in larger amounts

Trace elementsNeeded in small amounts

Calcium & PhosphorusCalcium & Phosphorus

Strong bones and teeth

Deficiency--osteoporosis

Sodium, chloride, potassium, Sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesiummagnesium

Regulate the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance

Fluoride Fluoride

Strong teeth

Deficiency—dental caries

Iron Iron

Healthy red blood cells

Deficiency--anemia

Iodine Iodine

Necessary for normal metabolism

Deficiency--goiter

WaterWater

Functions…Functions…

Necessary for all body processes!!!

Important facts…Important facts…

70% of your body is waterThirst is not a good indicator of needDehydration has already started!Even slight dehydration affects

memory, comprehension, and math skills

And…And…

Water is contained in most foods and drinks, but plain water is still needed—hydrates your brain faster!

Caffeine is a diuretic—it makes your body lose water!

Objective 1.7Objective 1.7Explain MyPyramid

www.mypyramid.govwww.mypyramid.gov

Objective 1.8Objective 1.8Name careers related to nutrition and weight control