Nutrition & Digestion

Chapter 29.1

Food

• Provides:– Calories (fuel the body)

• Carbohydrates– Made up of __________________

• Protein– Made up of __________________

• Fat (lipid)– Made up of __________________

Where are the carbohydrates, proteins and fats?

Food

• Provides– Other valuable ingredients

• Minerals– Such as ____________________

• Vitamins– Such as ____________________

• Water

– These do NOT provide calories– Function in enzymes, reactions, etc.

What’s going on in this picture?

Food Processing

• It’s like the reverse of an assembly line

• Steps:– Ingestion– Digestion– Absorption– Excretion

• Almost an “I.D.E.A.” (actually I.D.A.E.)

What happens?

• Steps:– Ingestion

– Digestion

– Absorption

– Excretion

Mechanical vs. Chemical

• Mechanical digestion means what?

• Where does mechanical digestion occur?

• Chemical digestion means what?

• Where does chemical digestion occur?

Mouth

Stage Ingestion/digestion

Mechanical? Yes

Chemical? Yes

Enzymes Amylase

Nutrient digested carbohydrate

Pharynx

Stage None (closest to ingestion)

Mechanical? No

Chemical? No

Enzymes None

Nutrient digested None

Esophagus

Stage None (closest to ingestion)

Mechanical? No

Chemical? No

Enzymes None

Nutrient digested None

Stomach

Stage Ingestion/digestion

Mechanical? Yes

Chemical? Yes

Enzymes Pepsin

(works best in high acid) environment

Nutrient digested protein

Small Intestine

Stage Ingestion/digestion

Mechanical? No

Chemical? Yes

Enzymes Lactase & lipase

(plus many others)

Nutrient digested Carbohydrate, protein, and fat (lipids)

Large Intestine

Stage Ingestion/digestion

Mechanical? No

Chemical? No

Enzymes None

Nutrient digested None

The names of food…..

Accessory glands/organs

• Are NOT part of the “tube”

• Are attached to the “tube”

• Secrete substances into the “tube” to help with digestion

• Glands/Organs:– Salivary glands– Pancreas– Gall bladder– Liver

Accessory glands/organsGland connected

toSecretes Helps

digest

Salivary Mouth Amylase Carbs.

Pancreas Small intestine

Trypsin,

Lipase,

amylase

Carb., protein,

&fat

Gall bladder

Small intestine

Bile

(stores)

Fat

Liver Small intestine

Bile

(makes)

Fat

After digestion, is….

• Absorption– Where do these molecules go?

• Carbohydrates (now broken down into glucose)• Proteins (now broken down into amino acids)• Fats/lipids (now broken down into glycerol & fatty

acids)

– What about what’s left? Where does that go?

The poor large intestine…

What is the function of the large intestine?